Dacnusa macrospila

Godfray, Charles J. & Achterberg, Cornelis Van, 2024, Annotated Checklist of the European Dacnusini and the Dapsilarthra genus group of the Alysiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae), Zootaxa 5513 (1), pp. 1-73 : 51-53

macrospila (Haliday, 1839; Alysia )

Group: 2d.

Literature: Nixon 1937 -59; Nixon 1954 -266; Griffiths III-804 (K III-899); Tobias (115, 198, 208).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Phytomyza spp. on Ranunculus ( Ranunculaceae ). Evidence— Griffiths (16); NMS (105). Comment —Recorded hosts: P. ranunculi , P. notata .

DNA Barcode: Yes; two BINs, one shared with D. adducta and an undescribed species near D. centaureae . Notes: Griffiths (III-899) considers Nixon’s interpretation of macrospila to be an undescribed species. [ maculata Goureau, 1851 ]

Notes: Discussed by Griffiths III-929 who considers a nomen dubium .

maculipes Thomson, 1895

Group: 1a.

Literature: Nixon 1937 -66; Nixon 1948 -217; Griffiths II-566, III-832 [VI-70, VII-349] (K III-893); Tobias (29, 60); Zheng and Chen (2017).

Hosts: Hypothesis— Polyphagous parasitoid of Agromyzidae , particularly Phytomyza, Tribolomyza and Liriomyza . Evidence —Griffiths (many); NMS (346).

DNA Barcode: Yes.

Notes: Very common species, the most polyphagous of the Dacnusini , with over 60 recorded host species. mara ( Nixon, 1948; Rhizarcha )

Group: 1a.

Literature: Nixon 1948 -219; Griffiths (K III-894); Tobias (47, 68).

DNA Barcode: Yes.

marica ( Nixon, 1948; Rhizarcha )

Group: 1a.

Literature: Nixon 1948 -220; Griffiths (K III-894); Tobias (45, 68).

DNA Barcode: No; BIN with likely undescribed species near D. marica .

maxima ( Fischer, 1961; Pachysema )

Group: 2d.

Literature: Griffiths II-563 (K III-896); Tobias (98, 166).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Agromyza abiens on Boraginaceae . Evidence —Griffiths (2). Comment — Same host as D. abdita .

Notes: Griffiths comments that maxima may just be a large form of D. abdita .

melicerta ( Nixon, 1954; Pachysema )

Synonymy: fumipes Tobias, 1998.

Group: 2d.

Literature: Nixon 1954 -267; Griffiths III-804 (K III-898); Tobias (154, 206).

Hosts: Hypothesis— Parasitoid of Phytomyza spp. ( albiceps group) on Asteraceae . Evidence —Griffiths (4); NMS (14). Comment —Recorded hosts: P. achillea , P. corvimontana , P. pullula ( = matricariae ).

DNA Barcode: Yes.

merope ( Nixon, 1948; Rhizarcha )

Group: 1b.

Literature: Nixon 1948 -213; Griffiths III-830 [VII-350]; Tobias (16, 83).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Phytomyza buhriella (= notabalis) in stems of Petasites albus ( Asteraceae ). Evidence —Griffiths (47). DNA Barcode: Yes.

DNA Barcode: Yes.

metula ( Nixon, 1954; Pachysema )

Group: 2d.

Literature: Nixon 1954 -271; Griffiths III-800 (K III-895); Tobias (88, 161).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of internally pupating Phytomyza mining Dipsacaceae ( Dipsacus , Succisa ). Evidence— Griffiths (11); NMS (1). Comment— Recorded hosts: P. ramosa , P. succisae .

monticola (Förster, 1863; Brachystropha )

Synonymy: mutia ( Nixon, 1948, Rhizarcha ); coracina Stelfox, 1957

Group: 2d.

Literature: Nixon 1948 -223, 1954-273; Griffiths III-820 (K III-895); Tobias (6, 52, 138, 177).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Phytomyza tenella in seed heads of Pedicularis ( Orobanchaceae ). Evidence— Griffiths (22).

DNA Barcode: No; BIN with likely undescribed species near D. monticola .

Notes: Unusually long upcurved ovipositor.

nigrella Griffiths, 1967

Group: 2d.

Literature: Griffiths III-821 (K III-897); Tobias (137, 173).

Hosts: Hypothesis— Parasitoid of Phytomyza tenella in seed heads of Pedicularis palustris ( Orobanchaceae ). Evidence— Griffiths (41); NMS (2).

DNA Barcode: Cluster of specimens in BOLD but no BIN assigned; a BIN with likely undescribed species near D. nigrella .

nigropygmaea Stelfox, 1954

Group: 2d.

Literature: Stelfox (1954); Nixon 1954 -273; Griffiths III-808, VII-351 (K III-897); Tobias (158, 174).

Hosts: Hypothesis—Parasitoid of Phytomyza affinis in seedheads of Euphrasia spp. ( Orobanchaceae ). Evidence —Griffiths (8).

obesa Stelfox, 1954

Group: 2d.

Literature: Stelfox (1954); Nixon 1954 -272; Griffiths V-23 (K III-898); Tobias (120, 218); Godfray and Warrington (2024).

Hosts: Hypothesis—Parasitoid of Liriomyza virgo in stems of Equisetum fluviatile ( Equisetaceae ). Evidence — Griffiths (77).

Similar species: D. jakovlevi .

ocyroe Nixon, 1937

Group: 2d.

Literature: Nixon 1937 -60; Nixon 1954 -297; Griffiths III-808 (K III-898); Tobias (47, 190).

Hosts: Hypothesis—Parasitoid of Phytomyza (primarily albiceps group) on Asteraceae . Evidence—Griffiths (32); NMS (33). Comment—Recorded hosts: P. albiceps , P. alpina , P. bipunctata , P. conyzae , P. lappae (= lappina), P. leucanthemi , P. marginella , P. senecionis , P. solidaginis . The only non- albiceps group record is P. farfarae ( ciliata group).

DNA Barcode: Yes.

plantaginis Griffiths, 1967

Synonymy: discolor misident. ( Nixon 1954)

Group: 2c.

Literature: Nixon 1954 -269 (as discolor ); Griffiths III-825 (K III-897); Tobias (107, 210).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Phytomyza ( P. plantaginis , P. griffithsi ) on Plantago spp. ( Plantaginaceae ). Evidence —Griffiths (26); NMS (66).

DNA Barcode: Yes; same BIN as D. discolor .

prisca Griffiths, 1967

Group: 2d.

Literature: Griffiths III-801 (K III-895); Tobias (155).

Notes: Griffiths considers a record from Phytomza albiceps probably erroneous.

pubescens (Curtis, 1826; Alysia )

Synonymy: exserens ( Nees, 1834; Alysia ), ? rufipes ( Nees, 1812, Bassus ) see Chorebus rufipes (above).

Group: 1b.

Literature: Nixon 1937 -63; Nixon 1948 -211; Griffiths III-829 [VII-349] (K III-894); Tobias (17, 80).

Hosts: Hypothesis —Chiefly a parasitoid of Phytomyzinae feeding in protected niches (stems: Phytomza rufipes , P. buhriella , Napomyza lateralis ; thick midribs: P. picridocecis , P. ramosa , P. robustella ; galls: P. taraxacoecis , P. cecidonomia ) though also reared from leafminers: P. solidaginis , P. syngenesiae . Evidence —Griffiths (>86); NMS (15). Comment —Stout exerted ovipositor consistent with biology.

DNA Barcode: Yes; specimens in four BINs.

Notes: The number of BINs and the broad host range suggest a species complex but consistent differences in morphology, biology and sequence have not yet been discovered.

radialis ( Tobias, 1966)

Literature: Tobias (1966), Tobias (142, 181).

Group: 2d.

Notes: very short radial cell.

rodriguezi Docavo & Tormos, 1997

Literature: Docavo and Tormos (1997).

Group: 2d.

Hosts: Hypothesis —Parasitoid of Phytomyza syngenesiae & horticola mining leaves of Asteraceae . Evidence— Docavo and Tormos (1997) (8), NMS (3).

DNA Barcode: Yes.

Similar species: D. austriaca , D. cicerina .

sasakawai Takada 1977

Synonymy: distracta Tobias (1986 , couplet 223) ( Alekseev et al. 2019).

Group: 2a.

Literature: Takada (1977); Griffiths II-350 (K VII-352).

Hosts: Hypothesis— In Europe a parasitoid of the polyphagous Liriomyza bryoniae . Evidence —Griffiths (2). Comment —Reared in Japan from Phytomyza horticola .

DNA Barcode: Possibly; specimens in BOLD mined from GenBank under this name but relationship with D. hospita not clear.

Notes: Closely related and with the distinctive venation of D. hospita (sometimes placed in the genus Aphanta ).

sibirica Telenga, 1934

Synonymy: comis ( Nixon, 1954; Pachysema ).

Group: 2c.

Literature: Nixon 1954 -271; Griffiths III-822 [VII-350] (K III-897); Tobias (112, 215).

Hosts: Hypothesis— A parasitoid of agromyzid leafminers; (i) in the British Isles found on Phytomyza asteris (and possibly other Phytomyza ) on Tripolium pannonicum (= Aster tripolium ) ( Asteraceae ) in salt marshes; (ii) in continental Europe a broader range of Phytomyza spp. are attacked; (iii) used commercially as a biological control agent against leafminers (especially Liriomyza spp. ) in greenhouses. Evidence— (i) Griffiths (9); NMS (17); (ii) Griffiths (29); (iii) commercial material: NMS. Comment —Recorded hosts in continental Europe: P. ranuculi , P. plantaginis , P. spinaciae / autumnalis .

DNA Barcode: Yes.

Notes: The two subspecies distinguished by Griffiths (III-822) ( sibirica and comis) overlap in host range and morphology and have similar DNA barcodes and, as anticipated by Griffiths (VII-350), are not separated here. There is a moderately extensive applied literature on this species (e.g. Abe et al. 2005; Croft & Copland 1994a; b; 1995; Dicke & Minkenberg 1991; Kandori et al. 2008; Minkenberg 1990; Sugimoto et al. 1990).

soldanellae Griffiths, 1967

Group: 2d.

Literature: Griffiths III-806 (K III-898); Tobias (130, 194).

Hosts: Hypothesis—Parasitoid of Phytomyza soldanellae mining leaves of Soldanella sp. ( Primulaceae ). Evidence —Griffiths (18).

DNA Barcode: No; morphologically similar single specimen in a BIN probably represents an undescribed species near D. soldanellae .

soma ( Nixon, 1948; Rhizarcha )

Literature: Nixon 1948 -220; Griffiths (K III-894); Tobias (20, 62).

Group: 1a.

Hosts: Hypothesis—Parasitoid of agromyzid (? Phytomyza luzulae ) mining leaves of Luzula sp. ( Juncaceae ). Evidence —NMS (1).

DNA Barcode: Yes.