Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (1929a: 262)

Lehnert, Marcus, 2016, A synopsis of the exindusiate species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) with bipinnate-pinnatifid or more complex fronds, with a revision of the C. lasiosora complex, Phytotaxa 243 (1), pp. 1-53 : 32

31. Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (1929a: 262) . Polypodium atrovirens Langsdorff & Fischer (1810: 12) . Alsophila atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Presl (1836: 61) . Trichipteris atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Tryon (1970: 45) . Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Isla Sta. Catharina, without date, G.H. Langsdorff s.n. (lectotype LE00000001!, here designated, isolectotypes BM!,G-00348031 n.v., LE-00000003).

Cyathea compta Martius (1822: 146) . Alsophila compta (Mart.) Martius (1834: 66) . Trichipteris compta (Mart.) Tryon (1970: 45) . Type:— BRAZIL. Without locality, without date, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (holotype M!).

Alsophila radens Kaulfuss (1824: 248) . Cyathea radens (Kaulf.) Domin (1929a: 263) Type:— BRAZIL. Without locality, without date, A. von Chamisso s.n. (lectotype LE-00008125!, here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000069!, P!).

Alsophila hookeriana Klotzsch ex Hooker (1844: 39) . Type:— BRAZIL. “South Brazil, “ F. Sellow s.n. (lectotype B-20-0000062! [annotated “ Sellow 727”], here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000063!, F-0075842F! [fragment], NY-908509! [fragment]).

Alsophila leptocladia Fée (1869: 161) . Cyathea leptocladia (Fée) Domin (1929a: 262) Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: “Brasilia fluminensi,” without date, A. Glaziou 2299 (lectotype P [Herb. Cosson]-00631692, here designated, isolectotypes BR-006990053, K-000589834, P-00631693!/-00631695!/-00631696, S-06-1028).

Alsophila trichophlebia Baker (1891: 189) . Cyathea trichophlebia (Baker) Domin (1929a: 263) . Type:— PARAGUAY. Without locality, without date, B. Balansa 306 [Herb. de Candolle] (holotype G [Herb. de Candolle] n.v., isotypes [labeled “E of Cordillera de Villa Rica”] K-000589844!, P-00631697!).

Alsophila atrovirens var. acuminata Rosenstock (1907: 66) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Municipio Rio Pardo, Arroio Pinheral, 1905, C. Juergens 228 [Rosenstock Exs. 9] (lectotype P-00642429!, here designated, probable isolectotypes P-00642426, US-00066226!).

Alsophila atrovirens var. patula Rosenstock (1907: 66) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, prope “Cascadas”, C. Juergens s.n. [Rosenstock Exs. 233] (lectotype P-00642421!, here designated).

Alsophila atrovirens var. squamulosa Rosenstock (1907: 66) . Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Passo Mansa, 1905, F. Haerchen 143 [Rosenstock Exs. 231] (lectotype P-00642422!, here designated, isolectotypes K-000589835!, P-00642423–00642425!, S-06- 951!/-06-952!/-R-197!, US-00066230!).

Alsophila verruculosa Rosenstock (1907: 66) , intended replacement name for Alsophila radens sensu Mettenius (1856a: 109) , not Alsophila radens Kaulfuss (1824: 248) . Cyathea verruculosa (Rosenst.) Domin (1929a: 263) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campinas, A. Ulbricht 117 [Rosenstock Exs. 380] (lectotype B-200000068!, here designated). Excluded syntypes could not be located:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, Bauer 44; Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Cruz, Estevão Resenda, C. Jürgens & A. Stier 31; Santa Catharina: San José, G. Goeden 47. See remarks.

Alsophila verruculosa var. ulbrichtii Rosenstock (1907: 67) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campinas, 1904, A. Ulbricht 81b (lectotype B! [without collection number], here designated, isolectotype S-R-212).

Alsophila proceroides Rosenstock (1915: 356) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ribeira, June 1911, A.C. Brade 5106 (holotype S [fide Barrington 1978: 63] n.v., isotypes NY-148757!, UC-442379!).

Alsophila fallacina (Domin) Domin (1929b: 85) . Alsophila dryopteroides Domin var. fallacina Domin (1929b: 89) . Cyathea fallacina (Domin) Domin (1930: 115) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Belém Vélho, 31 October 1897, E.M. Reineck & J. Czermak 36 (lectototype PR!, here designated, isolectotype P-00631691!).

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay at 0–800 m, in open forests. Frequent in swamps, along roadsides and clearings.

Remarks: —A wide-ranging species, occupying a similar niche as Cyathea pungens in Amazonia and C. aspera in the Caribbean. It is considerably variable, putatively hybridizing with other species ( Lehnert &Weigand 2013).

Alsophila trichophlebia Baker (1891: 189) was specifically typified by the material in the Herbarium de Candolle.

Alsophila verruculosa Rosenst. was intended to replace A. radens Mett. but Mettenius (1856a) actually referred to A. radens Kaulf. without citing a specimen. Rosenstock (1907) acted upon Christensen’s (1906: 47) indication that the plant that Mettenius had described needed a new name because it was different from A. atrovirens Langsd. & Fisch. , under which Alsophila radens Kaulf. was already synonymised.