Afrius (Afrius) purpureus ( Westwood, 1837 ), 1882

Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A. & Webb, Michael D., 2019, Revision of the African shieldbug genus Afrius Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 520, pp. 1-44 : 25-32

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2019.520

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:085164DC-B31D-4293-A037-9C31940E24CD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510386

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9260BF24-684B-7B33-9B78-614FF85ACCEF

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Afrius (Afrius) purpureus ( Westwood, 1837 )
status

 

Afrius (Afrius) purpureus ( Westwood, 1837)

Figs 1 View Fig , 8–11 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig

Pentatoma yolofa Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 55 , fig. 2 and legend (syn. Stål 1870: 44).

Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837: 43 .

Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838: 185 –186 (syn. Schouteden 1905: 147, as a var. of Canthecona purpurea ).

Canthecona caerulea Dallas, 1851: 89 (syn. Stål 1862: 496, as var. of Canthecona Yolofa Guérin ; syn. Stål 1870: 44).

Canthecona marginella Dallas, 1851: 89 (syn. Stål 1862: 496, as var. of Canthecona Yolofa Guérin ; syn. Stål 1870: 44).

Canthecona marmorata Dallas, 1851: 90 (synonymy with Canthecona purpurea suspected by Schouteden 1905a: 150). syn. nov.

Canthecona annulipes Dallas, 1851: 90 –91 (syn. Schouteden 1905a: 149–150, with Canthecona marmorata ; synonymy with Canthecona purpurea suspected by Schouteden 1905a: 150). syn. nov.

Canthecona miniatescens Stål, 1854: 213 (syn. Stål 1864: 66 –67, with Canthecona figurata , as var. b.; syn. Kirkaldy 1909: 10, with Afrius purpureus , as a var.).

Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth, 1903: 289 . syn. nov.

Pentatoma (Eurydema) yolofa – Laporte 1833: 61 .

Canthecona Yolofa – Amyot & Serville 1843: 82. — Dallas 1851: 89. — Stål 1864: 67 –68. — Larousse 1890: 724 [without any capital letters].

Cimex (Pentatoma) yolofa – Guérin-Méneville 1844: 344 [description]

Asopus figuratus – Herrich-Schaffer 1844: 113 , fig. 710.

Canthecona figurata – Stål 1864: 66 –67 . — Gerstaecker 1892: 345.

Cimex (Afrius) figuratus – Stål 1870: 44 .

Cimex (Afrius) purpureus – Stål 1870: 44 . — Distant 1884: 459.

Cimex marmoratus – Stål 1870: 46 .

Cimex annulipes – Stål 1870: 46 .

Canthecona Ylofa (incorrect subsequent spelling) – Wallengren 1875: 133.

Afrius purpureus – Reuter 1882: 9 . — Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. — Schouteden 1907a: 51–52; 1909: 64; 1910: 91; 1913a: 190; 1913b: 324; 1963: 399; 1964: 95; 1972: 106. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Vuillet & Vuillet 1911: 277; 1912: 445. — Hollrung 1912: 280. — Jeannel 1913: 97. — Zacher 1921: 139. — Lehmann 1922: 129. — Hesse 1925: 39. — Carpenter 1926: liii. — Golding 1931: 222. — Van Heerden 1931: 131, fig. cvii. — Hargreaves 1937: 518. — Villiers 1949: 88; 1952a: 1211; 1952b: 82; 1954: 230; 1956: 213. — Risbec 1950: 126, 397, 447, 457. — Cachan 1952: 305; 1965: 5–32. — Leston 1952: 895. — Mancini 1953: 202. — Lindberg 1958: 31. — Le Pelley 1959: 166. — Caswell 1962: 26. — Girard 1969: 7, 52. — Herting 1971: 80; 1976: 71. — Gillon 1972: 351 –352; 1974: 219, 241, 246, 251, 266, 270, 285, 287. — Linnavuori 1975: 124; 1976: 129; 1982: 164. — Medler 1980: 123. — Bourdouxhe & Jolivet 1981: 46 –48. — Nuamah 1982: 11. — Nonveiller 1984: 54, 142. — Balsbaugh 1988: 276. — Couilloud 1989: 207 –208. — Sylvie et al. 1989: 277. — Quicke et al. 1992: 1024. — Van Harten 1993: 247. — Bijlmakers & Verhoek 1995: 147, 317. — Schaefer 1996: 41. — Jolivet 1997: 153. — Boulard 1998: 41. — Dolling et al. 1999: 73. — Beenen & Hawkeswood 2004: 473. — Tchibozo & Braet 2004: 161. — Arechavaleta et al. 2005: 76. — Renou 2007: 30. — Poutouli et al. 2011: 9, 54–56, 58, 76. — Agboton et al. 2014: 9. — Crétenet & Gourlot 2015: 138.

Afrius purpureus var. marginella – Reuter 1882: 9 . — Kirkaldy 1909: 10.

Cimex (Afrius) purpureus var. marginella – Distant 1884: 459 .

Cimex purpureus – Distant 1890 : LIII [with Hope as author, not Westwood].

Cimex figuratus – Distant 1892: 248 [description and illustration of unnamed variety].

Afrius ? annulipes – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214 . http://www.palaeontos.be/13/det13.html

Afrius figuratus – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214 . — Distant 1898: 308; 1901: 27. — Howard 1906: 731. — Leston 1954: 680 (and in title). — Maitai 1958: 291. — Le Pelley 1959: 257; 1968: 195, 501. — McDonald 1966: 44. — Cobben 1968: 116. — Herting 1973: 84, 85, 87. — Medler 1980: 123. — Smith & Barfield 1982: 263. — Scholtz & Holm 1985: 147. — Merrett 1986: 549. — Matanmi & Hassan 1987: 376. — Fry 1989: 108. — Mugo 1995: 2099. — Schaefer 1996: 44. — Sileshi et al. 2000: 41, 48.

Afrius ? marmoratus – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214 .

Canthecona purpurea – Schouteden 1905a: 146 ; 1905b: 15.

Canthecona purpurea var. figuratus – Schouteden 1905a: 147 .

Canthecona marmorata – Schouteden 1905a: 149 –150.

Canthecona rubromarginata – Schouteden 1905a: 150 –151.

Afrius marmoratus – Schouteden 1907a: 51 . — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Thomas 1994: 151. — Robertson 2009: 22.

Afrius rubromarginatus – Schouteden 1907a: 52 . — Bergroth 1908: 182. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Thomas 1994: 151. — Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004: 20. — Robertson 2009: 22. — Krüger & Deckert 2016: 46 View Cited Treatment .

Afrius purpureus var. figuratus – Schouteden 1907a: 51–52 ; 1909: 64. — Mancini 1937: 43. — Le Pelley 1959: 54.

Afrius purpureus var. caerulea – Kirkaldy 1909: 10 .

Afrius purpureus var. figurata – Kirkaldy 1909: 10 .

Afrius purpureus var. miniatescens – Kirkaldy 1909: 10 .

Afrius yolofus – Dupuis 1952: 454 . — Leston 1954: 680 (in a note). — Thomas 1994: 151. — Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004: 20. — Rebagliati et al. 2005: 201. — Kerisew 2011: 91.

Afrius purpureus purpureus – Linnavuori 1989: 13 .

Afrius purpureus figuratus – Linnavuori 1989: 12 –13 [with unnamed variety].

Afrius yolofa – Sileshi et al. 2001: 289 ; 2004: 6, 18. — Kerzhner et al. 2004: 18. — Rider 2006: 234. — Robertson 2009: 21 –22. — Matesco et al. 2014: 352.

Types examined

AFRICA • Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837 ; syntype ♀; labels: “Type Hem: 242 PENTATOMA PURPUREA WESTWOOD HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”, “ TYPE = WEST. ( HOPE) C. Hemipt. 1837 Part. I. page 43 Distant, P.Z.S., 1900, p. 807–825.”, “Africa”, “ Afrius purpureus Westw. ”; Fig. 8 View Fig E–F; OUMNH .

“EAST AFRICA” • Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth, 1903 ; syntype ♀; labels: “Type Hem: 704 AFRIUS RUBROMARGINATUS BERGROTH . HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”, “ Afrius rubro = marginatus Bergr.”, “Probably TANGANYIKA”, “Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 47: 289”, “Afriq Or”, “3/”, “ TYPE ”; Fig. 8 View Fig O–P; OUMNH .

SIERRA LEONE • Canthecona marginella Dallas, 1851 ; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “87a”, “ Canthecona marginella identified by Dallas”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592170 About NHMUK ”; Fig. 8 View Fig I–J; NHMUK 0 10592170 .

SOUTH AFRICA • Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838 ; syntype ♀; labels: “ figuratus Germ. Promont. b. sp. Collect. Germ.”, “ Afrius figuratus (Germ) ”, “7968”, “Typus”; Fig. 8 View Fig G–H; MFNB .

SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona caerulea Dallas, 1851 ; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “ 40 6 26 329”, “ Canthecona caerulea identified by Dallas”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592171 About NHMUK ”; Fig. 8 View Fig A–C; NHMUK 0 10592171 .

SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona marmorata Dallas, 1851 ; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “ Int. S. Africa / 4319”, “3. Canthecona marmorata ,”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592164 About NHMUK ”; Fig. 8 View Fig K–L; NHMUK 0 10592164 .

SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona annulipes Dallas, 1851 ; syntype ♀; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, “Int. Africa / 4319”, “ Canthecona figurata Walker’s catal.”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010747805 About NHMUK ”; Fig. 8 View Fig M–N; NHMUK 0 10747805 .

SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona miniatescens Stål, 1854 ; syntype ♀; labels: “Caffraria”, “ I. Vahlb ”, “ miniatescens Stål type.”, “Typus”, “NHRS-GULI 000027293”; Fig. 8D View Fig ; examined by photo; NHRS- GULI 0 0 0 0 27293 .

Diagnosis

Scutellum longer than wide, postfrenal lobe enlarged; humeral pronotal angles slightly emarginated; male abdomen with setose patches on segments V and VI, parameres triangular, without two distinct lobes.

Redescription

BODY. Elongate oval, with variable colour patterns from yellowish and brownish with yellow or red stripes ( Fig. 8D, H, L, N View Fig ) to purple, green and blue metallic uniform colours ( Fig. 8 View Fig B–C, F, J, P).

HEAD. Subrectangular, wider than long, punctured; mandibular plates equal or slightly longer than clypeus, with margin varying from straight to sinuous; antenna bearing thin setae, denser on third, fourth and fifth antennomeres, proportion of lengths of antennomeres: IV> V> II> III> I; labium robust, reaching metasternum; proportion of lengths of labiomeres: II> I> IV> III.

THORAX. Pronotum hexagonal, densely punctured, twice or more as wide as long, cicatrices flat; anterior margin concave; lateral margins strongly sinuous, crenulated on anterior half ( Fig. 9 View Fig ), humeral angle slightly emarginated, anterior humeral portion varying from convex ( Fig. 9A, C View Fig ) to acute or spinose ( Fig. 9B, D View Fig ). Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctured. Corium longer than scutellum, usually not surpassing connexival segment V, densely punctured.

MALE ABDOMEN. Setose patches present on male abdominal segments V and VI ( Fig. 8C View Fig ); parameres uniramous, triangular.

Male

MEASUREMENTS (n = 5). Head length 1.69 ± 0.08 (1.61–1.76); width 1.90 ± 0.12 (1.76–2.10); pronotum length 2.83 ± 0.30 (2.41–3.22); width 5.70 ± 0.46 (5.32–6.45); scutellum length 3.51 ± 0.29 (3.14– 3.95); width 3.33 ± 0.28 (3.06–3.79); length of antennomeres: I 0.30 ± 0.04 (0.26–0.34), II 1.08 ± 0.11 (0.93–1.24), III 1.06 ± 0.10 (0.93–1.16), IV 1.26 ± 0.11 (1.12–1.39), V 1.22 ± 0.09 (1.12–1.31); length of labiomeres: I 0.93 ± 0.12 (0.79–1.12), II 1.06 ± 0.09 (0.94–1.09), III 0.80 ± 0.09 (0.67–0.94), IV 0.83 ± 0.08 (0.71–0.94); length of abdomen 4.67 ± 0.46 (4.03–5.24); width 4.83 ± 0.40 (4.43–5.48); total length 10.03 ± 0.52 (9.35–10.64).

GENITALIA. Genital plates cylindrical ( Fig. 10A View Fig , C–D, F, I, gp). Parameres long, uniramous, head elongated triangular, dorsally directed, extended beyond pygophore ( Fig. 10 View Fig A–H, par). Phallus. Basal theca and thecal shield subequal in length ( Fig. 10 View Fig L–R, bt, ts). Vesica subtriangular in dorsal view ( Fig. 10 View Fig P–R, v), golf club-shaped in lateral view, with apex obtuse and a central, strongly elevated portion covered by microsculptures ( Fig. 10 View Fig L–O, v, m), this central portion broad, rectangular in lateral view, cylindrical in dorsal view; ductus seminis uniform ( Fig. 10 View Fig L–R, ds), dorsally directed. Apices of conjunctival lobes globose, endowed with a set of small sculptured processes ( Fig. 10L, N, O View Fig , cl, sp).

Female

MEASUREMENTS (n = 5). Head length 2.12 ± 0.19 (1.83–2.28); width 2.12 ± 0.12 (1.91–2.21); pronotum length 3.17 ± 0.20 (2.82–3.30); width 6.94 ± 0.31 (6.45–7.25); scutellum length 4.43 ± 0.39 (3.79–4.75); width 4.06 ± 0.34 (3.46–4.35); lengths of antennomeres: I 0.38 ± 0.04 (0.34–0.45), II 1.30 ± 0.15 (1.12–1.42), III 1.17 ± 0.14 (0.93–1.31), IV 1.50 ± 0.19 (1.16–1.61), V 1.37 ± 0.15 (1.12–1.50); lengths of labiomeres: I 1.04 ± 0.07 (0.94–1.12), II 1.27 ± 0.15 (1.01–1.38), III 0.93 ± 0.09 (0.78–1.01), IV 0.94 ± 0.11 (0.75–1.05); length of abdomen 6.17 ± 0.34 (5.64–6.45); width 6.27 ± 0.42 (5.64–6.61); total length 11.96 ± 0.83 (10.80–13.06).

GENITALIA. Gonocoxites VIII slightly wider than long, posterior margins sinuous ( Fig. 11 View Fig A–B, gcVIII). Median and inner duct of vesicular area of uniform diameter ( Fig. 11 View Fig C–D, md, id).

Distribution

South Africa ( Germar 1838), Senegal ( Guérin-Méneville 1844), Sierra Leone ( Dallas 1851), Guinea ( Stål 1864), Equatorial Guinea [as Fernando Po] ( Stål 1870), Ghana ( Reuter 1882), Mozambique ( Gerstaecker 1892), Zimbabwe [as Mashonaland] ( Distant 1898), Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Distant 1901), Equatorial Guinea [as Fernando Po] ( Stål 1870), Ghana ( Reuter 1882), Mozambique ( Gerstaecker 1892), Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic [as Haute-Sangha], Eritrea, Ethiopia [as Abyssinia], Gabon, Ivory Coast [as Grand Bassam], Nigeria [as Benue Niger], Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania [as Usambara and Kilimanjaro] (Schouteden 1905a), Kenya [as Leitokitok] ( Schouteden 1910), Mali [as Koulikoro] ( Vuillet & Vuillet 1911), Guinea-Bissau ( Schouteden 1913b), Namibia [as Damaraland, Otjiwarongo and Tsumeb] ( Hesse 1925), Uganda ( Carpenter 1926), Somalia ( Mancini 1937), Cape Verde Islands ( Lindberg 1958 or 1959?), Chad ( Couilloud 1989), Yemen ( Linnavuori 1989), Angola, Botswana, Gambia, Liberia ( Thomas 1994), Malawi ( Sileshi et al. 2000), Zambia ( Sileshi et al. 2001), Republic of Djibouti, Togo ( Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004), Republic of the Congo [as Haut Oubangui?] ( Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004; also in Robertson 2009 as “ Congo Brazz.”), Niger ( Robertson 2009; in error?), Canary Islands (new record) ( Table 1 View Table 1 , Fig. 1 View Fig ).

Remarks

Intraspecific variability in the colour and general morphology has been demonstrated for A. (Afrius) purpureus (e.g., Linnavuori 1989; Schouteden 1905a; Van Heerden 1931; Villiers 1952b) as well as for other pentatomids, such as Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (e.g., Freeman 1940; Kiritani 1970; Ohno & Alam 1992; Vivan & Panizzi 2002; More et al. 2017) and Stiretrus decemguttatus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1828) ( Paleari 2013) for colour pattern, and Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1781) for variation in the pronotum, reported by Zhao et al. (2013). Besides, we could not find any connection between the polymorphism and the geographic distribution of A. (Afrius) purpureus , i.e., specimens that we have examined, despite different colour patterns and pronotum shapes, are sympatric. The localities where they were collected are denoted by the green dots on Fig. 1 View Fig .

There has been considerable difference of opinion regarding the name used for this species, i.e., either yolofa /- us, purpurea /- us or figurata /- us and, sometimes, the latter used as a variety or subspecies of the second one (see review of the taxonomic history of the species above). Dallas (1851) was the first to synonymize figuratus and yolofa ; he stated the date of publication of Pentatoma yolofa as 1830, while Stål (1864) stated it as 1829. Subsequent authors (including Stål 1870) accepted 1838 as the year of publication for yolofa and therefore they recognized either figuratus or purpureus as the valid name, Wallengren (1875) may have been the last author to use yolofa (misspelled as Ylofa) as a valid name while Larousse (1890) gave a brief description of it under the genus Canthecona (strangely, this entry first mentions that the type species of Canthecona is from Senegal and thereafter describes C. yolofa , as though implying it were the type species; the type species of Canthecona Amyot & Serville, 1843 is, however, C. discolor (Palisot de Beauvois, 1811) , described from the Kingdom of Oware, now Southwest Nigeria). Dupuis (1952) demonstrated the priority of Pentatoma yolofa Guérin-Ménéville, 1831 over Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837 and Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838 . Thomas (1994) adopted the combination suggested by Dupuis (1952), Afrius yolofus . This was, as well, used by subsequent authors ( Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004; Rebagliati et al. 2005; Kerisew 2011). Some others ( Sileshi et al. 2001, 2004; Kerzhner et al. 2004; Rider 2006; Robertson 2009; Matesco et al. 2014), however, chose the combination Afrius yolofa , while others again still used purpureus and/or figuratus after 1952 (e.g., Mancini 1953; Villiers 1954, 1956; Leston 1954; Lindberg 1958; Schouteden 1963, 1964; Gillon 1972; Linnavuori 1975, 1976, 1982; Bourdouxhe & Jolivet 1981; Nuamah 1982; Matanmi & Hassan 1987; Balsbaugh 1988; Couilloud 1989; Quicke et al. 1992; Schaefer 1996; Tchibozo & Braet 2004; Poutouli et al. 2011; Agboton et al. 2014; Crétenet & Gourlot 2015) and yet others treated figuratus as a variety or a subspecies of purpureus (Schouteden 1905a, 1907a; Kirkaldy 1909; Schouteden 1909; Mancini 1937; Le Pelley 1959; Linnavuori 1989). Others still have used two or three combinations in the same work, possibly because they were reporting facts from primary sources, using the names as they were in the sources, and were not aware that the species were the same ( Le Pelley 1959; Schaefer 1996).

The different combinations used for one and the same species clearly are the results of a few misconceptions: when and how yolofa , figuratus and purpureus were synonymized, the problematic dating of yolofa and figuratus and the status of yolofa as an adjective or a noun in apposition.

NHMUK

Natural History Museum, London

MFNB

Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Cimicidae

Genus

Afrius

Loc

Afrius (Afrius) purpureus ( Westwood, 1837 )

Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A. & Webb, Michael D. 2019
2019
Loc

Afrius yolofa –

Matesco V. C. & Bianchi F. M. & Furstenau B. B. R. J. & Da Silva P. P. & Campos L. A. & Grazia J. 2014: 352
Robertson I. A. D. 2009: 21
Rider D. A. 2006: 234
Kerzhner I. M. & Kuznetsova V. G. & Rider D. A. 2004: 18
Sileshi G. & Kenis M. & Ogol C. K. P. O. & Sithanantham S. 2001: 289
2001
Loc

Afrius purpureus purpureus –

Linnavuori R. E. 1989: 13
1989
Loc

Afrius purpureus figuratus –

Linnavuori R. E. 1989: 12
1989
Loc

Afrius yolofus – Dupuis 1952: 454

Kerisew B. 2011: 91
Rebagliati P. J. & Mola L. M. & Papeschi A. G. & Grazia J. 2005: 201
Maldes J. M. & Pluot-Sigwalt D. 2004: 20
Thomas D. B. 1994: 151
Leston D. 1954: 680
Dupuis C. 1952: 454
1952
Loc

Afrius purpureus var. figuratus –

Le Pelley R. H. 1959: 54
Mancini C. 1937: 43
1937
Loc

Afrius marmoratus –

Robertson I. A. D. 2009: 22
Thomas D. B. 1994: 151
Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
1909
Loc

Afrius purpureus var. caerulea –

Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
1909
Loc

Afrius purpureus var. figurata –

Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
1909
Loc

Afrius purpureus var. miniatescens –

Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
1909
Loc

Afrius rubromarginatus –

Kruger A. & Deckert J. 2016: 46
Robertson I. A. D. 2009: 22
Maldes J. M. & Pluot-Sigwalt D. 2004: 20
Thomas D. B. 1994: 151
Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
Bergroth E. E. 1908: 182
1908
Loc

Afrius rubromarginatus

Bergroth E. 1903: 289
1903
Loc

Afrius

Lethierry L. & Severin G. 1893: 214
1893
Loc

Afrius figuratus –

Sileshi G. & Maghembe J. A. & Rao M. R. & Ogol C. K. P. O. & Sithanantham S. 2000: 41
Schaefer C. W. 1996: 44
Mugo H. M. 1995: 2099
Fry J. M. 1989: 108
Matanmi B. A. & Hassan T. J. 1987: 376
Merrett P. J. 1986: 549
Smith J. W. & Barfield C. S. 1982: 263
Medler J. T. 1980: 123
Herting B. 1973: 84
Cobben R. H. 1968: 116
McDonald F. J. D. 1966: 44
Le Pelley R. H. 1959: 257
Maitai W. M. 1958: 291
Leston D. 1954: 680
Howard C. W. 1906: 731
Distant W. L. 1898: 308
Lethierry L. & Severin G. 1893: 214
1893
Loc

Afrius

Lethierry L. & Severin G. 1893: 214
1893
Loc

Cimex figuratus –

Distant W. L. 1892: 248
1892
Loc

Cimex (Afrius) purpureus var. marginella –

Distant W. L. 1884: 459
1884
Loc

Afrius purpureus – Reuter 1882: 9

Cretenet M. & Gourlot J. P. & Quae, CTA 2015: 138
Agboton C. & Onzo A. & Ouessou F. I. & Goergen G. & Vidal S. & Tamo M. 2014: 9
Poutouli W. & Silvie P. & Aberlenc H. P. 2011: 9
Renou A. 2007: 30
Arechavaleta M. & Zurita N. & Marrero M. C. & Martin J. L. 2005: 76
Beenen R. & Hawkeswood T. J. 2004: 473
Tchibozo S & Braet Y. 2004: 161
Dolling W. R. & Rider D. A. & Rolston L. H. 1999: 73
Boulard M. 1998: 41
Jolivet P. 1997: 153
Schaefer C. W. 1996: 41
Bijlmakers H. W. L. & Verhoek B. A. 1995: 147
Van Harten A. 1993: 247
Quicke D. L. J. & Ingram S. N. & Proctor J. & Huddleston T. 1992: 1024
Couilloud R. 1989: 207
Balsbaugh E. U. 1988: 276
Nonveiller G. 1984: 54
Nuamah K. A. 1982: 11
Bourdouxhe L. & Jolivet P. 1981: 46
Medler J. T. 1980: 123
Linnavuori R. 1975: 124
Gillon D. 1972: 351
Herting B. 1971: 80
Girard D. H. 1969: 7
Caswell G. H. 1962: 26
Le Pelley R. H. 1959: 166
Lindberg H. 1958: 31
Mancini C. 1953: 202
Cachan P. 1952: 305
Leston D. 1952: 895
Risbec J. 1950: 126
Villiers A. 1949: 88
Hargreaves E. 1937: 518
Golding F. D. 1931: 222
Van Heerden P. W. 1931: 131
Hesse A. J. 1925: 39
Lehmann G. 1922: 129
Zacher F. 1921: 139
Jeannel R. 1913: 97
Hollrung M. 1912: 280
Vuillet J. & Vuillet A. 1911: 277
Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
Lethierry L. & Severin G. 1893: 214
Reuter O. M. 1882: 9
1882
Loc

Afrius purpureus var. marginella –

Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
Reuter O. M. 1882: 9
1882
Loc

Canthecona

Wallengren H. D. J. 1875: 133
1875
Loc

Cimex (Afrius) figuratus – Stål 1870: 44

Stal C. 1870: 44
1870
Loc

Cimex (Afrius) purpureus – Stål 1870: 44

Distant W. L. 1884: 459
Stal C. 1870: 44
1870
Loc

Cimex marmoratus – Stål 1870: 46

Stal C. 1870: 46
1870
Loc

Cimex annulipes – Stål 1870: 46

Stal C. 1870: 46
1870
Loc

Canthecona figurata – Stål 1864: 66 –67

Gerstaecker A. 1892: 345
Stal C. 1864: 66
1864
Loc

Canthecona miniatescens Stål, 1854: 213

Kirkaldy G. W. 1909: 10
Stal C. 1864: 66
Stal C. 1854: 213
1854
Loc

Canthecona caerulea

Stal C. 1870: 44
Stal C. 1862: 496
Dallas W. S. 1851: 89
1851
Loc

Canthecona marginella

Stal C. 1870: 44
Stal C. 1862: 496
Dallas W. S. 1851: 89
1851
Loc

Canthecona marmorata

Dallas W. S. 1851: 90
1851
Loc

Canthecona annulipes

Dallas W. S. 1851: 90
1851
Loc

Cimex (Pentatoma) yolofa – Guérin-Méneville 1844: 344

Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1844: 344
1844
Loc

Canthecona

Larousse P. 1890: 724
Stal C. 1864: 67
Dallas W. S. 1851: 89
Amyot C. J. B. & Serville A. 1843: 82
1843
Loc

Asopus figuratus

Schouteden H. 1905: 147
Germar E. F. 1838: 185
1838
Loc

Pentatoma purpurea

Westwood J. O. 1837: 43
1837
Loc

Pentatoma (Eurydema) yolofa – Laporte 1833: 61

Laporte F. L. de 1833: 61
1833
Loc

Pentatoma yolofa Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 55

Stal C. 1870: 44
Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1831: 55
1831
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