Acharax radiata (Meek and Worthen, 1860)

Bailey, Jack Bowman, 2021, The genera that never were: The impact of Janeia and Janacekia on phyletic and taxonomic relations within the Solemyidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia), Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 24 (1), pp. 1-47 : 28-29

Acharax radiata (Meek and Worthen, 1860)

Remarks. Figures, missing in Meek and Worthen’s

(1860) original publication, were later added by the same authors (1866, pl. 26, figs. 10a-b). Compares with A. costellata (M’Coy) , A. herberti (Růžička and

Řehoř ), and A. cylindrica (Hind) , but not with A. primaeva s. s. Widely accepted; reviewed by Pojeta

(1988) and Bailey (2011).

1860 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen , p. 457 [no figure]; Pennsylvanian Coal Measures, Grayville, Illinois; [figure published by the authors in 1866].

1866 Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Meek and Worthen, p. 349, pl. 26, fig. 10a-b [Pr2, Ne]; Pennsylvanian Coal Measures, Schuyler Co., Illinois .

? 1872 Solenomya sp. Meek, pl. 2, fig. 12a-b [figures only; no description; partial internal mold with attached shell fragment; Pr0, Bts?, Ne?]; Pennsylvanian, Upper Coal Measures , Rock Bluff, Nebraska .

1877 Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Miller, p. 204 [no figure].

1889 Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Miller, p. 512 [no figure].

1896 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Hind, p. 32 [no figure].

1900 Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Beede, p. 160, pl. 22, fig. 5-5a [Pr2-3, Ne?; copy of Meek and Worthen’s description]; Pennsylvanian, Topeka, Kansas.

1922 Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Morningstar, p. 193-194 [description but no figure]; Pennsylvanian, lower Mercer Limestone , Muskingum Co., Ohio .

non 1930 Solenomya radiata? Meek and Worthen ; Branson (?Branson), p. 41, pl. 9, figs. 21, 22 [Pr0, Pc0; featureless cast of an internal mold, gaping (?) at both ends; ligament and hinge unknown; same specimen (UM 5275) tentatively called Solemya sp. by Ciriacks (1963); profile resembles Dystactella ]; Upper Permian, Park City Formation, Ervay Member, near Cody, Wyoming.

1961 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Hoare, p. 94, pl. 12, fig. 12 [Pr2]; Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian), Tiawah Limestone, St. Clair Co., Missouri .

? 1961 Solemya sp. Hoare, p. 96, pl. 12, fig. 13 [Bts, PAe; partial internal mold; possibly Acharax radiata ?]; Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian), Seville Limestone, Henry Co., Missouri.

1979 Solemya (Janeia) radiata (Meek and Worthen) ; Hoare, Sturgeon and Kindt, p. 29, pl. 2, fig.12 [Pr2], fig. 13? [Pr2]; Middle Pennsylvanian, Putnam Hill Shale, Ohio.

1983 Solemya (Janeia) radiata (Meek and Worthen) ; Kues, p. 80 [no figure]; Middle Pennsylvanian, Upper Los Moyos Limestone , Cedro, New Mexico .

1988 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Pojeta, p. 215, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2, 5 [Pr3], fig. 4 [Pr3, Bts], Pennsylvanian Coal Measures, New Lisbon, Ohio; pl. 22, fig. 3 [Pr2], Pennsylvanian, Schuyler Co., Illinois ; figs. 6, 7 [Pr2], fig. 10 [Pr3], pl. 23, figs. 1, 2 [Pr2], figs. 3, 4 [Pr2, Bts, PAe]; Pennsylvanian, Henry Co., Missouri .

non 1988 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Pojeta, pl. 24, figs. 2, 3 [Pr1, Bts, PAe]; Pennsylvanian, Illinois?; figs. 4, 6 [Pr2, Bts, PAe; = Acharax (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides ]; Pennsylvanian, Kansas City, Missouri.

1992 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Kues, p. 91, figs. 2.7, 2.8 [Pr3, Bts, PAe]; Upper Pennsylvanian, basal limestone, Kinney Quarry, Manzanita Mts. , New Mexico .

1997 Solemya radiata Meek and Worthen ; Cope, pl. 1, fig. 10 [Pr3, Le(?)]; Upper Carboniferous , Ohio .

1997 “ Solemya” radiata Meek and Worthen ; Bailey and Sroka, p. 101, fig. 8A.2, C-E [Pr2, Le]; Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian D), Francis Creek Shale, Carbondale Formation, Will-Kankakee counties, Illinois .

2011 Acharax radiata (Meek and Worthen) ; Bailey, 2011, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1-6, 9; pl. 4, figs. 1-7 [based on topotypes; Pr 2-3, Bts, PAe, Ne, Le, IG, PE]; Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian D), Francis Creek Shale, Carbondale Formation, Will-Kankakee and Fulton counties, Illinois .

Acharax (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides (Meek, 1874)

Remarks. First published as a figure ( Solenomya

sp. undet. Meek and Worthen, 1873, pl. 27, fig. 1ab); later named by Meek (1874, p. 583) but only briefly characterized. Beede and Rogers (1899, p.

132) gave the first detailed description. Reviewed by Pojeta (1988) and Carter (1990); lectotype nominated by Bailey (2011).

1873 Solenomya sp. undet. Meek and Worthen, pl. 27, fig. 1a-b [Pc, Pr0, Ne, Dp]; same specimen (USNM 36315; labeled, “Coal Meas. Illinois?”) later figured by Bailey (2011, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 1-5) and nominated as lectotype of Acharax trapezoides (Meek and Worthen) ].

1874 Solenomya sp. undet. Meek, p. 582 [ref. Meek and Worthen, 1873, pl. 27, fig 1a-b].

1874 Solenomya (Janeia) trapezoides Meek , p. 583 [ref. Meek and Worthen, 1873, pl. 27, fig 1a-b].

1899 Solenomya trapezoides Meek ; Beede and Rogers, p. 132, pl. 34, fig. 2a-b [Pc, Pr0/Pr1, Bts, PAe, Ne, IG]; Pennsylvanian, Coal Measures, Westport, Missouri , and Porterville, Kansas.

1900 Solenomya trapezoides Meek ; Beede, p. 159, pl. 21, fig. 2a-b [Pc, Pr0, Bts, PAe, Ne]; near junction of Upper and Lower Coal Measures , Porterville, Kansas , and Westport, Missouri.

? 1961 Solemya trapezoides Meek ; Hoare, 1961, p. 96, pl. 12, fig. 14 [Pr0; few details; more smoothly rounded than other A. (N.) trapezoides ]; Weir-Pittsburg Coal, Henry Co., Missouri.

? 1979 Solemya (Janeia) trapezoides Meek ; Hoare, Sturgeon and Kindt, p. 30, pl. 2, figs.14? (fragment), 15? (fragment), 16, 17 [Pc]; Pennsylvanian, Putnam Hill Shale, Ohio.

1988 Solemya trapezoides Meek ; Pojeta, p. 215, pl. 22, figs. 8, 9 [Pr 1, Bts, PAe,]; Pennsylvanian, Henry Co., Missouri ; pl. 24, fig. 1? [Pr 2, Bts, PAe]; Pennsylvanian, Beatrice, Nebraska ; pl. 24, fig. 5? [Pr 2, Bts, PAe]; Pennsylvanian, Clover Land, Clay Co., Indiana ; pl. 24, figs. 7, 8 [Pr 1, Bts, PAe]; Pennsylvanian, Kansas City, Missouri .

1988 Solemya sp. Pojeta, pl. 23, figs. 5-8 [Pr1, Bts, PAe, Ne, IG]; Pennsylvanian, Hertha Limestone, Kansas .

? 1988 Acharax ? sp. Pojeta (?Pojeta), pl. 20, fig. 9 [left internal mold; Pc, Pr1, PAe, Bts(weak); compares with A. (N.) trapezoides ]; Permian, near Wymore, Nebraska.

1990 Acharax (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides (Meek) ; Carter, 1990, p. 174, figs. 17, 18 [Pr0/Pr1, Le, Ne]; Upper Carboniferous , Breathitt Formation, Eastern Kentucky .

1992 Solemya trapezoides Meek ; Kues, p. 93, fig. 2.9 [Pc, Bts?, Ne], fig. 2.10 [Pc, Pr1]; Upper Pennsylvanian, basal limestone, Kinney Quarry, Manzanita Mts. , New Mexico .

1997 Acharax (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides (Meek) ; Bailey and Sroka, p. 102 [no figure].

2002 Solemya trapezoides Meek ; Kues et al., 2002, p. 129, fig. 4Q [Pc]; Upper Pennsylvanian , Derry Hills, New Mexico.

? 2003 Solemya trapezoides Meek ; Krainer, et al., 2003, fig. 7L [Pc, Pr0 Le; Bts; poorly preserved composite mold; shell profile short and rounded, nearly ovoid; intermediate (?) between A. trapezoides and A. radiata ]; Upper Pennsylvanian, Zuni Mts., New Mexico.

2011 Acharax (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides (Meek) ; Bailey, p. 31, text-fig. 3, Middle Pennsylvanian, Carbondale Formation, Canton, Illinois; pl. 5, figs.1-5; = lectotype, USNM 36315 , “Coal Meas., Illinois?” [Pc, Pr1, Bts, PAe, Ne, IG]; pl. 5, fig. 6 [Pr1]; Middle Pennsylvanian, Carbondale Formation , Will Co., Illinois .