Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte Muñoz, Iris Montero Levin, Geoffrey A. Cardiel, José María Adansonia 2023 3 2023-11-27 45 26 395 496 I. Montero & G. A. Levin I. Montero & G. A. Levin [916,1379,216,243] Magnoliopsida Euphorbiaceae Acalypha Plantae Malpighiales 33 426 Tracheophyta species cardielii   South African Journal of Botany146: 636 ( Montero Muñoz et al.2022).  — Type:   Madagascar. Melaky region ( Mahajanga prov.), Tsingy du Bemaraha, 1932-1933,  J. Leandri 115( holo-, P[ P00887484];  iso-, P[ P05547055]).   ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz et al.(2022); Fig. 25F.   ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors Dr. José María Cardiel, codirector of the first author’s PhD dissertation. He has published extensively about the genus and has contributed to worldwide  Acalyphaknowledge.   DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar(Melaky). Dry deciduous forest. On limestone. Altitude c. 360 m( Fig. 22).   PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. —  Acalypha cardieliiis only known from one collection from the Tsingy de Bemaraha. Its EOO could not be calculated; its AOO is estimated to be 8 km2. The Tsingy de Bemaraha lies within a national park and a nature reserve that have been IUCN category II and Ia protected areas since 1927, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. The forest of this area has local anthropogenic pressures such as fire associated with the renewal of zebu (cattle) pastures, logging for construction, and deforestation for new agricultural lands, resulting in loss of forest cover during the last decade ( Dudley 2008; Goodman et al.2018). No specimens of this species have been collected for 88 years, so we cannot rule out that this species has become extinct. In conclusion, due to habitat loss, the restricted geographic range, and the absence of recent collections,  A. cardieliiis assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii) (probably EX). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 1 collection.  Madagascar: Leandri, J. 115(P[P05547055, P00887484]).   DESCRIPTION Shrubs, probably deciduous, height unknown, monoecious. Brancheswhitish, pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature. Axillary budsspherical, to 1 mmdiameter, perulate, perules 2, imbricated, chartaceous, dark brown, glabrous. Stipulesto 1 mmlong, triangular-lanceolate, apex acute, sparsely hairy with simple, short trichomes, margin with some sessile glands. Petiolescanaliculate, 0.5-1.5(-2) cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. Leaf blades1.8-2.6(-3) × 1.1-1.6 cm, subrhombic, membranous; baseacute; apexobtuse to retuse; margincrenate-serrate, revolute, reddish, teeth rounded; upper surfacesparsely hairy with some simple, short trichomes; lower surfaceglabrous; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 3-4 per side. Stipelsglandular, to 0.2 mmlong, glabrous. Inflorescencesspiciform, androgynous and male, axillary. Androgynous inflorescencesto 5.5 cmlong, mostly male with short female segment; peduncle to 15 mmlong, it and rachis with indumentum similar to that on petioles. Female segmentto 2.5 cmlong; bracts2, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 6 mm, reniform, glabrous; margin crenate, teeth 6-12, rounded, central tooth not prominent; bracteolesabsent. Male segmentpersistent, to 2.5 cmlong; flowers glomerate; bractsto 1 mmlong, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. Male inflorescenceslaxly flowered, to 3.5 cmlong; subsessile, peduncle to 0.3 mmlong; bracts like those on androgynous inflorescences. Male flowers: pedicel to 0.5 mmlong, sparsely hairy; buds to 0.5 mmdiameter, glabrous. Female flowers1 per bract, sessile; sepals3, to 1 mmlong, triangular-lanceolate, glabrous, margin with some sessile glands; ovary c. 1 mmdiameter, 3-lobed, papillose-hispid, papillae acute, ending in simple trichome to 0.5 mmlong, surface with some subsessile glandular trichomes; styles3, to 4 mmlong, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 7-9 segments. Allomorphic flowerssometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 1.5 cmlong, glabrous; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary 1-lobed, to 2 × 1.5 mm, sparsely hairy, distally fimbriate; style 1, to 4 mmlong, glabrous. Capsulesto 2 mmdiameter, papillose-hispid, papillae triangular. ending in simple trichome to 1 mmlong, surface glabrous. Seedsnot seen. 5898706332 P J. Leandri Madagascar Tsingy du Bemaraha 33 426 P00887484 1 Mahajanga prov. holotype 5898706421 [813,1006,352,376] P J. Leandri Madagascar Tsingy du Bemaraha 33 426 P05547055 1 Mahajanga prov. isotype