Ranunculus solhanensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from eastern Turkey Sinan, Ali Behçet, Lütfi Yapar, Yakup Phytotaxa 2021 2021-04-20 497 2 157 164 8RT93 Behcet & A.Sinan Behcet & A. Sinan 2021 [136,632,374,401] Magnoliopsida Ranunculaceae Ranunculus Plantae Ranunculales 1 158 Tracheophyta species solhanensis sp. nov.    Type:― TURKEY. B8  Bingöl: Solhan, Yaylım Mountain, rocky slopes, 38°80’267”N 40°98’814”E,  1713 ma.s.l.,  08 April 2018,  A. SİNAN 1781( holotype: BingölUniv. Biology Dept. Herbarium ( BIN), isotypes BingölUniv. Biology Dept. Herbarium and ANK).   Paratype:― TURKEY. B8 Bingöl: Solhan, Yaylım Mountain, rocky slopes, 38°80’267”N 40°98’814”E,  1713 ma.s.l.,  19 May 2018,   A. SİNAN 2067. BingölUniv. Biology Dept. Herbarium( BIN).  FIGURE 3. A, C)  R. solhanensis B)  R. bulbilliferusD)  R. munzurensis   Diagnose:―  Ranunculus solhanensisis closely related to  R. bulbilliferusand  R. munzurensis. It mainly differs from  R. bulbilliferusby sepals 7‒8.5 mmlong (versus 4‒6 mm), petal size 10‒14 × 6‒9 mm(versus 6‒8.5 × 3‒4.5. mm) and indumentum of achenes ( Fig.6) hairy (versus glabrous).  R. solhanensisdiffers from  R. munzurensiswith rhizome length 1‒45 mm(versus 10‒14 mm), glabrous stem (versus pilose above, glabrous below) ( Fig. 5), dilated at the base of cauline leaves with bulbils (versus bulbil absent), sepal 7‒8.5 mmlong (versus 2‒4 mm), petal 10‒14 × 6‒9 mm(versus 7‒9 × 4‒5 mm), achenes 3 × 3‒3.5 mmand hairy (versus 2.5‒3.5× 2.5‒3 mmand glabrous)   FIGURE 6.Meature achenes (SEM) A‒B)  R. solhanensisC‒D)  R. bulbilliferusE‒F) R. munzurensis  Description:― Perennial, 6‒22 cmtall, glabrous (excluding achenes); Roots dimorphic, root system of stout, clavate or fusiform tubers, 10‒45 mlong and fibrous roots, short stock with silky scales, neck glabrous. Stem unbranched or branched above; branches 1‒3 flowered. Radical leaves with 3.5‒14 cmpetioles, shortly vaginate at base; lamina pedately tripartit or trisect, middle segment cuneate, trilobed to 1/5‒1/3, lateral segments bipartite to 3/4‒4/5 lobes oblong or oblong‒ovate, obtuse. Cauline leaves 3‒5; lower ones distinctly petiolate, trisect, middle ones bi‒ or trisect, upper ones linear‒lanceolate sometimes absent. Sepals broadly oblong to ovate, obtuse, 7‒8.5 × 2.5‒3 mm, spreading, greenish‒yellow. Petals yellow, obovate, retuse at apex or not, sometimes shortly claved or not, 10‒14 × 6‒9 mm. Anther 1.3‒1.8 mmand flament 1.3‒2 mmlong. Fruiting head orbicular‒ovate, 3‒6 mmdiameter. Mature achenes 30‒35, compressed laterally, semiorbicular without tubercles, pilose hairy, 3‒4 × 3‒3.5 mm, with 0.5 mmstraigth beak.  Phenology:—Flowering in April and fruiting in May   Etymology:― Epithet of  Ranunculus solhanensisis derived from the name of the Solhan district ( Bingöl), where the typespecimen was found.  Phytogeographic region:—Irano‒Turanian  Specimens examined: ―  Ranunculus solhanensis:—  Turkey. B9  Bingöl: Solhan, Yaylım Mount., rocky slopes, 38°80’267”N 40°98’814”E,  1713 melevation,  23 April 2018,  A. SİNAN 1952. ―  Ranunculus bulbilliferus:—  Turkey. B9  Van: Erek mountainsoutheast of Çoravanis village, around Çilehane region,  2000–2200 melavation,  15 May 2000,  L .   Behçet6242; same place,  27 May 2000,  L .   Behçet 6254( VANF), B9  Van: Çatak, Bilgi Villlage, Southslopes, Rockyareas,  1900 melavation,  17 May 2003,  M .   Pınar1435( VANF). ―  Ranunculus munzurensis:—  Turkey B7  Tunceli: Ovacık, Munzur mountain, Karagöl valley,  1300–1500 melevation,  6 May 1979,  Yıldırımlı1379( holotype HUB),  Turkey B7  Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yoncalı and Ağaçpınarvillages, rock crevices,  2015 melavation,  01 June 2015,  M .   Armağan6540( BIN).  Concervation status:―  Ranunculus solhanensis is known only from the typelocality ( Solhan, Bingöl). Its areaof occupancy is estimated to be less than 10 km 2, and the number of mature individuals is less than 200. Thespecies must be regarded as Critically Endangered[ CR B1a] ( IUCN 2019).   Distribution and Ecology:―  Ranunculus solhanensis( Fig. 8) grows on nortwest face of rocky slopes at 1700‒ 1800 min Solhan province ( Bingöl), Average rainfall in the area is 698.8 mm. The erosion effect is high due to the rugged and sloping land.  R. solhanensisgrows together with  Ranunculus kochiiLedeb.,  Fritillaria minutaBoiss. & Noë,  F. pinardiiBoiss.,  Colchicum szovitsiiFisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. szowitsii,  Scilla sibericaHaw. subsp. armena(Groshh.) Mordak,  Rosularia radiciflora(Steud.) Borris. subsp. radiciflora,  Rumex acetocellaL.,  Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl. subsp. pinnatiloba(K.Koch) Menitsky,  Saxifraga sibiricaL. in the rocky area. 3341179307 [136,347,159,181] B Turkey Type 2 159 B8 1 3341179310 2018-04-08 A, BIN, ANK Turkey 1713 Yaylim Mountain Solhan 2 159 SINAN 1781 1 Bingol holotype 3341179315 [136,1447,231,253] 2018-05-19 B Turkey 1713 Yaylim Mountain Solhan 2 159 B8 1 Bingol paratype 3341179316 [189,719,267,291] A Turkey Bingol 2 159 SINAN 2067 1 Bingol paratype 3341179317 [800,928,1680,1707] B Turkey Turkey 4 161 B9 1 3341179303 2018-04-23 A Turkey 1713 Yaylim Mount. Solhan 4 161 SINAN 1952 1 Bingol 3341179301 B Turkey Turkey 4 161 B9 1 3341179312 2000-05-15 L Turkey Erek mountain 2100 Cilehane region Coravanis village 4 161 1 Van 3341179305 [155,627,1788,1815] 2000-05-27 L Turkey Behcet 4 161 1 Van 3341179308 [637,918,1788,1815] VANF Turkey Behc 4 161 B9 1 Van 3341179309 2003-05-17 M Turkey Catak 1900 South Bilgi Villlage 4 161 1 Van 3341179302 [621,1194,1824,1851] VANF Turkey Pinar 4 161 1 Van 3341179304 [1226,1351,1824,1851] B Turkey Turkey 4 161 B7 1 3341179311 1979-05-06 HUB Yildirimli Turkey Ovacik 1400 Karagol valley Munzur mountain 4 161 1 Tunceli holotype 3341179306 [136,256,1896,1923] B Turkey Turkey 4 161 B7 1 holotype 3341179318 2015-06-01 M Turkey 2015 Ovacik 4 161 1 Tunceli holotype 3341179314 [165,411,1932,1959] BIN Turkey Armagan 4 161 1 Tunceli holotype 3341179313 CR Solhan The Its area 4 161 B1, IUCN 2019 1 Bingol