Xylocopa piligera Maidl, 1912: 327 Xylocopa leucopus Friese, 1925: 16 Revision of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Melo, Gabriel A. R. Journal of Natural History 2017 J. Nat. Hist. 2017-01-20 51 7 - 8 379 390 Maidl, 1912 Maidl 1912 [309,867,587,612] Insecta Apidae Xylocopa Animalia Hymenoptera 10 388 Arthropoda species piligera stat. nov. Dasyxylocopa  ( Figures 2b, 3e, f, 5, 6)      Xylocopa piligera  Maidl, 1912: 327. Lectotypemale, presently designated, Brazil(NHW; examined).     Xylocopa leucopus  Friese, 1925: 16. Lectotypemale, presently designated, Brazil: Minas Gerais, Passa Quatro(ZMB; examined).   Comments Although Friese’ s  X. leucopuswas placed under the synonymy of  X. bimaculataby Hurd and Moure (1963), they considered the possibility that it could be ‘subspecifically distinct’. Later, in his catalog of the New World  Xylocopa, Hurd (1978)included Maidl’ s  X. piligeraas an additional synonym of  X. bimaculata. After study of the typematerial of the two taxa, it was found that they correspond to the same species occurring in the mountains at the borders between the states of São Paulo, Minas Geraisand Rio de Janeiro. Structurally,  X. piligerais most similar to  X. bimaculata, as shown in the identification key above. They differ mostly by details of colour and density of pilosity.    Typematerial examined   Xylocopa piligera was proposed based on a series of six malesfrom Braziland housed in the NHW collection.  Thespecimen with the labels ‘ Beske\ Brasilien’‘piligera\ Maidl ♂\det . Fr . Maidl\ Type’‘ Lectotype\piligera\ Det . J. S . Moure1958’ ‘NHMW’ is here designated as lectotype.  Amongthe remaining specimens, four paralectotypesbear the labels ‘Beske\ Brasilien’‘piligera\ Maidl ♂\det . Fr . Maidl\ Type’and the fifth one only ‘piligera\ Maidl ♂\det . Fr . Maidl\ Type’. Friese’ s  Xylocopa leucopuswas described from an unknown number of males and females. A male in the ZMB collection with the labels ‘ Brasil\ Campinas\1921\ Passa Q.’ (in which ‘21\ Passa Q.’ has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil\ Campinas\1903 \ Hempel’)‘ Xylocopa\leucopus\1909 Friese det.\ ♂n.  Friese’‘ Type’‘ Coll.\  Friese’‘LIEFT.’ ‘ LECTOTYPE\ Xylocopa\leucopus\Friese\ ♂P. D.  Hurd‘64’ ‘ Xylocopa\bimaculata\ Friese\ ♂P. D.  Hurd‘64’ is here designated as lectotype.  TheSDEI collection possesses a male paralectotypebearing the labels ‘ Brasil\ Campinas\1921\ Passa Q.’ (in which ‘21\ Passa Q.’ has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil\ Campinas\1903\ Hempel’)‘ Xylocopa\leucopus\1909 Friese det.\ ♂n.  Friese’‘ Coll . Friese’‘ Paralecto\Typus\ Hurd‘64’.  Thereare two additional specimens, one femaleand one male, from the ZMB collection on loan that might constitute additional paralectotypes.   Figure 6.Nesting site of  Xylocopa piligera Maidl, 1912, in Serra da Bocaina, São José do Barreiro, São Paulo. (a) Wood post of a fence in which a nest was located; (b) nest entrance; wood chips can be seen coming out from the tunnel.  Additional material examined    Brazil, Minas Gerais: one male( ZMB), ‘ Brasil\ Passa Quatro\1823 [sic]\ Zikan’(in which ‘ Passa Quatro\23\ Zikan’has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil\ S. Leopoldo\1897\ Dutra’) ‘ Xylocopa\leucopus\ Fr.\1909 Friese det.\ ♂’ ‘Coll.\  Friese’; one male( DZUP), ‘DZUP\028414’ ‘ Brasil, MG, 16 kma SE\ de Itamonte, Pq.  Nac.\  Itatiaia,  2200 m,\ 22.359°S 44.733°W,\ 25 .x.2011, D.  Luz’.   Rio de Janeiro: one male( ZMB), ‘ Brasil\ Rio de Janeiro\1897\ Peckolt’‘ Xylocopa\albitarsis\1904 Friesedet.\ ♂Fr.’ ‘  Type’‘MS – Name’‘bimaculata\ Fr.\  Hurd’; one male( DZUP), ‘ Parque Nacional\ das Serrados Órgaos\ Entreabrigos 2 e 3.\  Terezopolis– E.  Rio.\17.XI.949. Aristo-\teles Silva’‘ Xylocopa\bimaculata\ Friese’.   São Paulo: three females( DZUP), ‘ Brasil, SP, 10 kma SW\de S. J.  Barreiro, Serra\ da Bocaina,  1560 m,\ 22.721°S 44.625°W,\ 23 .x.2011, G.  Melo\ Emninho’; one male( DZUP), ‘ Sa. BOCAINA- 1500 m\S.J. BARREIRO – SP\BRASIL 4-XI-1965\F.M.  Oliveiraleg’; one male( DZUP), ‘CAMPOS DO JORDÃO\S.  PauloBRASIL\ Fev. – 1958\K . Lenkoleg.’ ‘ Xylocopa ♂\bimaculata\Friese\Pe J. S.  Moure1990’.   Biology A single nest of  X. piligerawas found in a wood post of a fence ( Figure 6) in the Serra da Bocaina, in São Paulo. The nest was not opened and therefore its internal structure has not been examined. The use of large pieces of dead wood for nesting purposes is a widespread behaviour in the genus  Xylocopa. The only previous information on the nesting habits of the subgenus X.( Dasyxylocopa) is a report by Silveira et al. (2002)of use of dead stems of  Vellozia(Velloziaceae)for nest construction by what was assumed to be  X. bimaculata, but most likely corresponds to  X. fortuita sp. nov.  Acknowledgments I would like to thank Frank Koch and Michael Ohl for their kind help and support during my stay at the Museum für Naturkunde, in Berlin, and Dominique Zimmermann and Manuela Vizek, for their assistance during a short visit to the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. [361,553,675,699] Brazil Brazil 10 388 1 lectotype [374,555,744,768] ZMB Brazil Passa Quatro 10 388 1 Minas Gerais lectotype Brazil Brazil 10 388 1 1 holotype [349,1115,1287,1311] Maidl Brazil Brasilien' The Beske 10 388 1 1 holotype [1115,1152,1287,1311] Maidl Brazil Brasilien' true The Beske 10 388 1 holotype Det Brazil Maidl Type' 10 388 1 lectotype [551,573,1322,1346] Det Brazil true Maidl Type' 10 388 1 holotype Brazil Moure 10 388 1 lectotype Brasilien' & Maidl Brazil Among 10 388 2 1 holotype [391,425,1391,1415] Brasilien' & Maidl Brazil true Among 10 388 1 holotype [425,1050,1391,1415] Maidl Brazil Maidl Type' 10 388 1 1 holotype [1050,1084,1391,1415] Maidl Brazil true Maidl Type' 10 388 1 holotype Type' Brazil Maidl 10 388 1 holotype Passa Q. & Campinas & Hempel' Brazil Campinas 10 388 1 holotype [774,983,1530,1554] Coll Brazil Friese' Type' 10 388 1 holotype [993,1147,1530,1554] Brazil Friese' 10 388 1 holotype [679,1152,1564,1589] Friese Brazil Hurd 10 388 1 1 holotype [192,658,1599,1623] Brazil Hurd 10 388 1 lectotype Passa Q. & Campinas & Hempel' Brazil The Campinas 10 388 1 paralectotype [504,628,1703,1727] Coll Brazil Friese' 10 388 1 holotype [628,991,1703,1727] Hurd Brazil Friese' Paralecto 10 388 1 holotype Brazil 11 389 There 10 388 2 1 1 paralectotype ZMB Brasil & Passa Quatro & Zikan' & S. Leopoldo & Dutra' & Fr Brazil Minas Gerais 11 389 1 1 Minas Gerais DZUP Brasil, MG & de Itamonte & Pq Brazil Friese' 11 389 1 1 Minas Gerais [1018,1064,1252,1276] Brazil Nac 11 389 1 Minas Gerais Brazil 2200 -22.359 Itatiaia 75 -44.733 11 389 1 Minas Gerais [522,537,1287,1311] Brazil 2200 true -22.359 Itatiaia 75 -44.733 11 389 1 Minas Gerais [641,685,1286,1311] Brazil Luz' 11 389 1 Minas Gerais ZMB Rio de Janeiro & Peckolt' Brazil Friese Brasil 11 389 1 1 Rio de Janeiro Fr Brazil Name' Type' 11 389 1 Rio de Janeiro DZUP Parque Nacional & das Serra & Orgaos & Entre Brazil Hurd' 11 389 1 1 Rio de Janeiro [400,582,1390,1415] Brazil Terezopolis 11 389 1 Rio de Janeiro [595,634,1391,1415] Brazil Rio 11 389 1 Rio de Janeiro Friese' Brazil Silva' 11 389 1 Rio de Janeiro [321,1027,1425,1449] DZUP Brasil, SP Brazil Sao Paulo 11 389 1 1 Sao Paulo da Bocaina Brazil 1560 -22.721 Serra 75 -44.625 Barreiro 11 389 1 Sao Paulo [724,740,1460,1484] da Bocaina Brazil 1560 true -22.721 Serra 75 -44.625 Barreiro 11 389 1 Sao Paulo DZUP Sa Brazil Em Melo 11 389 1 1 Sao Paulo DZUP Brazil Oliveira 11 389 1 1 Sao Paulo [685,889,1529,1553] Fev Brazil Paulo 11 389 1 Sao Paulo [1012,1147,1529,1553] Lenko Brazil true Paulo 11 389 1 Sao Paulo [602,739,1564,1588] Brazil Moure 11 389 1 Sao Paulo