Zygophylax levinseni : Vervoort, 2006: 240–242 Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species Gu, Zhangjie Ruthensteiner, Bernhard Moura, Carlos J. Liu, Lihua Zhang, Rui Song, Xikun Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2022 Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2022-06-17 196 52 87 5DBL3 (SAEMUNDSSON, 1911) Saemundsson 1911 [202,739,1603,1628] Hydrozoa Zygophylacidae Zygophylax Animalia Leptothecata 16 68 Cnidaria species levinseni  ( FIG. 11)      Zygophylax levinseni: Vervoort, 2006: 240–242, fig. 16 (synonymy).     Typelocality: Nearthe Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, Iceland;  510 m.  Specimens examined:Five colonies from the Gulf of Cadiz, two fertile; see details in Supporting Information, Table S1.  Molecular sequences:16S rRNA ( Moura et al., 2008, 2012); 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information, Table S3.  Measurements:See details in Supporting Information, Table S2.  Description:Trophosome. Colonies erect, up to 4.5 cm in height ( Fig. 11A). Hydrocaulus straight, polysiphonic, unsegmented, branching. Hydrocladia coplanar, dichotomously branched, straight, monosiphonic ( Figs 11A, B), with irregular nodes ( Fig. 11E), forming angles of 30°–60° with the hydrocaulus ( Fig. 11A), axillary hydrothecae present at branching points ( Fig. 11E). Hydrothecae arranged alternately in two planes forming angles of 30°–60° ( Fig. 11B); borne on moderately long pedicels, tubular, distal part straight or slightly curved, one or two oblique diaphragms basally ( Fig. 11D), margin slightly everted, with one to three renovations ( Fig. 11D–F). One nematotheca present on apophyses of hydrocladia ( Fig. 11F, H).  Gonosome:Gonothecae clustering into coppiniae encircling the hydrocaulus ( Fig. 11C), with abundant protective tubes, one nematotheca observed on the base of one protective tube ( Fig. 11G, I). Gonothecae free from one another, elliptical, tapering basally, apices with two lateral, curved tubes ( Fig. 11C, G).  Distribution:Gulf of Cadiz ( Moura et al., 2008; this study); south of Iceland( Saemundsson, 1911); the Azores region ( Leloup, 1940); near the coast of Rabat, Morocco( Ramil & Vervoort, 1992); one tropical Atlantic locality, south of Cape VerdeIslands ( Vervoort, 2006); Madeira ( Moura et al., 2012).  Remarks:  Zygophylax tottoni Rees & Vervoort, 1987resembles  Z. leviseniby the hydrothecal morphology, but  Z. levisenihas comparatively more numerous and smaller nematothecae; see details in Supporting Information, Table S2. 3897139303 Iceland Near Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago 16 68 1 holotype