Six new species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Amazonian Brazil Souza, Maria Anália Duarte De Sobral, Marcos Amorim, Gabriela Phytotaxa 2022 2022-02-28 536 3 197 212 98Y9J Sobral, M.A.D.Souza & G.Amorim Sobral, M. A. D. Souza & G. Amorim 2022 [159,683,1923,1945] Magnoliopsida Myrtaceae Eugenia Plantae Myrtales 12 209 Tracheophyta species xinguana sp. nov.   Type:—  BRAZIL. Pará: Vitória do Xingu, 3°16’19” S, 51°45’50” W,  15 September 2014,  E. Menezes JúniorPSACF_EX03557( holotypeRB!; isotype RBR). Figure 8.  Diagnosis:—This species is morphologically related to  Eugenia stictopetala De Candolle (1828: 270; image M 0171122), from which it differs by its blades with midvein finely raised adaxially ( versusimpressed in  E. stictopetala), with apex markedly acuminate up to 26 mm( vs. apex acute or, if acuminate, the acumen to 8 mm), pedicels to 10–14 mm( vs. to 5–6 mm), narrowly triangular bracteoles to 2 × 0.8 mm, these never basally fused ( vs. ovate to rounded, to 2 × 2 mm, sometimes basally fused), flower buds 9–10 mm, the globe of the petals not entirely visible above the calyx and partly covered by the sepals ( vs. flower buds to 6 mm, the globe of the petals clearly visible and not concealed by the sepals), sepals in two unequal pairs, the outer one 3 × 3.5–4 mm, the inner one 3–4 × 4–5 mm( vs. sepals about the same size, 1–1.5 × 1.7–2 mm), petals 10–15 × 7–10 mm( vs. 3–6 × 3 mm), stamens 10–12 mm( vs. 3–6) with anthers 0.6–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm( vs. to 0.8 × 0.2 mm) and styles 12–14 mm( vs. 5–8 mm). Additionally, the blades of this species may resemble those of  Eugenia acrensis McVaugh (1956: 202; image NY 00404857), but differs by the adaxially raised midvein ( vs. impressed in  E. acrensis) and consistently glabrous twigs, blades and flowers ( vs. twigs velutinous, blades with scattered dibrachiate trichomes abaxially and flowers velutinous).  Description:—Shrub to tree (height not recorded). Plants glabrous except for occasional cilia in flowers. Twigs terete, grey or brown when dry, slightly longitudinally striate, the cortex occasionally detaching in longitudinal stripes, the internodes 30–65 × 2–3 mm, occasionally with a pair of cataphylls 3–5 × 0.2–0.5 mmat their bases. Leaves with petioles 5–12 × 1–1.5 mm, semiterete; blades oblong or oblanceolate, 85–210 × 32–68 mm, 2.6–4 times longer than wide, discolorous when dry, light dull green adaxially and dull yellowish green abaxially; glandular dots 10 to 15/mm², of different sizes, the larger ones about 0.1 mmin diameter, visible on both faces and usually darker than the surfaces; base cuneate; apex acuminate to cuspidate in 6–26 mm; midvein narrowly raised adaxially, strongly raised abaxially; lateral veins 15 to 22 at each side, leaving the midvein at angles 70–80°, visibly raised on both sides, more so abaxially; marginal veins usually two, the inner one 2–5 mm, the outer one 0.5–1.5 mmfrom the revolute margin. Inflorescences axillary, with two flowers, the axis to 2 × 1 mm; bracts narrowly triangular, to 2 × 0.8 mm; pedicels 3–14 × 1 mm, applanate; bracteoles narrowly triangular as the bracts, to 2 × 0.8 mm, persisting at anthesis, with scattered cilia to 0.1 mm; flower buds globose or obovate, 9–10 × 8–10 mm, the hypanthium 1–1.5 mm; sepals triangular or widely so, in two unequal pairs, the outer one 3 × 3.5–4 mm, the inner one 3–4 × 4–5 mm; petals elliptic, 10–15 × 7–10 mm, with cilia to 0.2 mm; stamens 10–12 mm, the anthers elliptic or globose, 0.6–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm, sometimes with one apical gland; staminal ring to 4 mmin diameter and 1 mmthick; style 12–14 mm, the stigma punctiform; calyx tube absent; ovary with two internally glabrous locules and ca. 20 ovules per locule, these sometimes visibly separated in two distinct longitudinal rows. Fruits immature, ellipsoid, to 10 × 8 mm; seeds not examined.  Distribution, habitat and phenology:—This species is presently known from rainforests of the Brazilian states of Maranhãoand Pará; although the state of Maranhãois not included in the political division of northern Brazil—it is included in northeastern Brazil—the collection site of the species, the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim, is located in the so-called Amazonian Biome from Maranhão( Rocha et al.2020), an physionomically distinct from northeastern Brazil. Flowers were collected in July, September and October, and immature fruits in October. Affinities:—This species is related to the widespread South American  Eugenia stictopetala; for a detailed description of this species see McVaugh (1958: 739)under  E. tapacumensisO. Berg (1855–1856: 222), a synonym according to Govaerts et al.(2022); some of the numerical data of  E. stictopetalacited in the protologue are based in McVaugh’s description. Regarding its sectional placement, the axillary inflorescences with up to two flowers suggest its placement in  Eugeniasection Umbellatae, according to the sectional classification proposed by Mazine et al.(2016, 2018).  Conservation:—The municipality of Pindaré-Mirim in Maranhãohas an area of 268 km² from which there are recorded only 44 collections, resulting in an average of 0.16 collection/km², and Vitória do Xingu, in Pará, has an area of 3,080 km² from which about 2,600 specimens are recorded, with an average of about 0.8 collection/km². These collection sites are about 800 kmapart. When verifying the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of this species in Geocat ( Geocat 2020), it results in an area of about 5,560 km²; additionally, the species is presently known from less than 10 localities. These features fulfill respectively criteria B and B1 from IUCN conservation criteria for the status of Vulnerable (VU; IUCN 2012: 21); nevertheless we do not have additional information regarding decline or fluctuation in natural populations in order to properly assign this status to the species. Considering this, we score  E. xinguanaas DD (Data Deficient; IUCN 2019: 11).  Etymology:—The epithet is derived from the collection site of the typespecimen.   Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Pindaré Mirim, Reserva Indígena do Pindaré, 3°38’ S, 45°28’ W,  15 October 1987,  C.B.A. Bohrer101(HRB, MG!, RB!).  Pará: Vitória do Xingu, Travessão55, UTM 9655836 N, 417798 E,  27 July 2012,  L.C. AntônioPSACF 630(MG, RB!); idem, 3°18’49” S, 51°48’32” W,  15 October 2014,  R.S.B. de AnorsesPSACF_EX0896(RB!); idem, 3°12’38” S, 51°46’55” W,  23 October 2014,  A.C. GonçalvesPSACF_EX04116(RB!); idem, 3°10’52” S, 51°47’18” W,  24 October 2014,  D.A. SilvaPSACF_EX04121(RB!, RBR). 3698881317 2014-09-15 E. Menezes Junior Brazil -3.2719445 Vitoria do Xingu 21 -51.76389 Type 12 209 1 Para holotype 3698881309 1987-10-15 C. B. A. Bohrer Brazil -3.6333332 Reserva Indigena do Pindare 1307 -45.466667 Pindare Mirim 13 210 1 Maranhao paratype 3698881313 2012-07-27 L. C. Antonio Brazil Travessao Vitoria do Xingu 13 210 1 Para paratype 3698881301 2014-10-15 R. S. B. de Anorses Brazil -3.313611 Travessao 21 -51.808887 Vitoria do Xingu 13 210 1 Para paratype 3698881305 [412,1446,1994,2021] 2014-10-23 A. C. Goncalves Brazil -3.2105556 Travessao 21 -51.781944 Vitoria do Xingu 13 210 1 Para paratype 3698881316 [136,1178,2030,2057] 2014-10-24 D. A. Silva Brazil -3.181111 Travessao 21 -51.788334 Vitoria do Xingu 13 210 1 Para paratype