Larval and pupal morphology of three species of the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae) in Japan with reference to the number of larval instars Yoshida, Takahiro Hirowatari, Toshiya Zootaxa 2015 3937 1 90 102 Yoshida & Hirowatari, 2014 Yoshida & Hirowatari 2014 [151,742,151,178] Insecta Silvanidae Psammoecus Animalia Coleoptera 2 92 Arthropoda species scitus   Biology. The larvae of this species were collected from dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass  Miscanthus sinensisAnderssonwith their adults. In the laboratory, we observed that the pupae fixed their body by attaching the apex of abdomen to dead leaves in the petri dish. The posterior three abdominal segments were covered with the exuvium of last instar larva. In particular, the posterior two abdominal segments were tightly enveloped with the exuvium of 10th abdominal segment ( Fig. 1B). Surface of immature pupa was mostly white.