Noronhia cruciata H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 285. 1949 Noronhia verticilliflora H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar , Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 284. 1949 A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QJQ 1296311 H. Perrier H. Perrier [501,898,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 277 277 Tracheophyta species verticillata    Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana:  Forêt du Sambirano, à la base du massif de Manongarivo, [ 18°54’30’’S 48°37’30’’E],  500 m,   VI.1909,  Perrier de la Bâthie4596(holo-: P[ P00418105]!).  =   Noronhia cruciata H. Perrierin Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 285. 1949. Lectotypus(designated here): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Rapides de l’Anosivola,  300 m,  X.1927,   Perrier de la Bâthie18082(P [ P00413220]!; isolecto-: P [ P00413221]!). Syntypi: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Ambatondrazaka, Onibe, [ 17°50’S 48°25’E],  1000 m,  XI.1938, Cours 1027(P [ P00701245]!);  Analamazaotra RS, [ 18°55’48”S 48°25’48”E],  800 m, s.d.,  Perrier de la Bâthie8810( P[ P00701244]!).  Anivorano, Andovoranto, bords de la Sahantandra, [ 18°55’S 48°30’E],  600 m,  16.X.1912,  Viguier& Humbert750( P[ P03559261]!). =   Noronhia verticilliflora H. Perrierin Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 284. 1949. Typus: M ADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Hautbassin du Mananjeby,  300 m,  VII.1913,  Perrier de la Bâthie8814(holo-: P [ P00418106]!; iso-: K [ K000233179] image seen, P [ P00418107]!).   Description  Shrubsto trees to 8 mtall, trunk to 20 cmdiameter; young twigs subquadrangular to quadrangular, 1.7-5.7 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark medium gray to brownish, smooth to rugose. Leavesverticillate, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades dark green above, lighter below, linear to lanceolate, 5.5-22 3 0.8-4.2 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia casual, base acute, margin flat to slightly revolute, apex retuse to acute, the point 1-8 mmlong, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins conspicuous, 9-24 per side, 5-17 mmapart, looping 0.8-3 mmfrom the margin; petiole medium gray, 5-21 3 1.2-3 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Thyrsesgeminate to fasciculate, multiflorous, somewhat diffuse; peduncle 5-38 mmlong, very sparsely pubescent; pedicel 2-15 mmlong, very sparsely pubescent; calyx very sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes deltate, 0.7-2 3 0.6-1.6 mm; corolla yellow, sometimes greenish, cupuliform to subrotate, 2.5-5.5 mmlong, slightly tomentose outside, glabrous inside, the tube 1-2.5 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex slightly acute; corona present, 1-2.2 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.6-2.8 mmlong, anthers obconical, 1.1-1.7 mmlong; pistil 1.5-2.8 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruitingpedicel 5-45 3 0.7-3.1 mm; young fruits green, brownish to dark red when mature, ovoid to subglobose, 9-22 3 6.5-18 mm, covered with white dots, apex flat to apiculate; dry pericarp 0.4-1.5 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 6.5-14.5 3 3-11 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia verticillataoccurs in low- to mid-elevation humid forests in the Sambirano region and along the east, from Vohémar to Fort-Dauphin ( Fig. 68). It produces flowers and fruits throughout the year except in April and May.   Conservation status The assessment included 52 collections representing 45 localities and indicated an EOO of 195,817 km 2, an AOO of 164 km 2, and 36 subpopulations representing 27 locations, of which 13 occur within protected areas (Ampasindava, Analamazaotra, Andohahela, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Corridor Ankeniheny-Zahamena, Manongarivo, Marojejy, Masoala, Ranomafana, Tsaratanana, Tsitongambarika, and Zahamena). With such a large distribution and presence within many protected areas,  N. verticillatais assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.   Notes   Noronhia verticillatacan be recognized by its verticillate leaves and somewhat punctate fruits. Although  Noronhia cruciataand  N. verticilliflora, both of which have verticillate leaves, were distinguished from  N. verticillataby PERRIER DE LA BâTHIE (1949, 1952) based on a rotate corolla and verticillate flowers, respectively, they are placed here in synonymy because these character states fall within the range of variation of  N. verticillata, as circumscribed here. PERRIER DE LA BâTHIE (1949, 1952) also mentioned the presence of four stamens and the absence of a corona in  N. verticilliflora, which he only knew from the type specimen, but these features were not observed in any other collections and their presence is ambiguous in the type.  Noronhia cruciatawas based on four syntypes: Cours 1027, Perrier de la Bâthie 8810and 18082, and Viguier 750. Perrier de la Bâthie 18082has been chosen as the lectotypeas it comprises the best material.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Antalaha, Ambohitralalana( Cap-Est), Tanandavahely, 15°18’S 50°29’E,  0-15 m,  8.IX.1994,  Bernardet al. 5( K, MO, P, TAN);  Tsaratanana Massif, 13°52’03”S 48°50’43”E,  557 m,  13.XI.2001,  Birkinshaw1024( MO, TAN);  Besinkara, Ambalafary,  350 m,  24.IV.1994,  Gautier2436( G, P, TAN);  Ampasindava, 13°47’17”S 47°59’04”E,  242 m,  6.XI.2009,  Gautier et al.5323( G, K, MO, P, TEF, WAG);  Maroambihy, Mandena, MarojejyPN, 14°26’13”S 49°46’32”E,  460 m,  20.III.2009,  Hong-Wa et al.634( MO, P, TAN);  Massif du Marojejy, [ 14°18’S 49°33’E],  100-300 m,  14-15.III.1949,  Humbert23398( MO, P);  Antongondriha, [ 14°12’S 49°52’E],  100-250 m,  1-24.XI.1951,  Humbert & Capuron23957( G, P);  MarojejyPN, base of Mt. Beondroka, 14°27’S 49°47’E,  180-230 m,  20.X.1989,  Miller& Randrianasolo4306( MO, P, TAN);  Ambodimanga, TsaratananaRNI, 13°52’04”S 48°50’39”E,  900 m,  5.X.1998,  Rabenantoandro & Birkinshaw43( G, K, MO, P, TAN);  MarojejyPN, Mandena, Maroambihy, 14°26’13”S 49°46’32”E,  460 m,  9.X.1996,  Rakotomalaza et al.720( G, K, MO, P);  Anketrakabe, ManongarivoRS, 13°55’03”S 48°27’04”E,  180 m,  23-25.VII.1998,  Ranaivojaona et al.211( G, MO, P, TAN);  Andapa, MarojejyPN, 14°31’S 49°38’E,  603 m,  1-3.II.1994,  Rasoavimbahoakaet al. 61( MO, P, TAN);  Anjanaharibe-SudRS, 14°46’S 49°30’E,  985 m,  10.VII.1996,  Razafimandimbisonet al. 237( K, MO, P, TEF);  Ambanja, Marovato, [ 13°58’S 48°50’E],  15.VII.1953,  Réserves Naturelles5739( P, TAN, TEF);  Sambava, Andrah-anjo, [ 14°18’30”S 49°49’00”E],  200 m,  3.XI.1950,  Service Forestier741( P, TEF);  Ambanja, Ankaramy, Antsambalahy-Beraty, [ 14°01’30”S 48°14’40”E],  100-200 m,  4.XI.1950,  Service Forestier1612( P, TAN, TEF);  Sambava, Antelimena, [ 14°27’30”S 49°42’30”E],  75-2123 m,  26.III.1953,  Service Forestier7251( MO, P, TEF);  Beampongy, [ 13°40’30”S 48°27’00”E],  0-100 m,  4.X.1953,  Service Forestier7714( MO, P, TEF);  Andapa, Doany, Androranga, bord de Bemarivo, [ 14°11’30”S 49°52’00”E],  100 m,  20.X.1953,  Service Forestier7781( P, TEF);  Antsahalava, [ 14°04’30”S 48°16’00”E],  360 m,  19.VII.1954,  Service Forestier10455( P, TEF);  Andapa, Doany, Androranga, 14°27’30”S 49°42’30”E,  75-2123 m,  23.VII.1988,  Service Forestier34007( TEF);  Ampasindava, forêt de Betsistsika, 13°40’37”S 47°59’16”E,  110 m,  24.I.2009,  Tahinarivonyet al. 279( G, MO, TEF);  Ambahatra, cours supérieur, 13°57’S 48°26’E,  350 m,  11.VIII.1998,  Wohlhauser60024( G, MO, P, TEF).  Prov. Fianarantsoa: Ranomafana PN, [ 21°10’S 47°29’E], 1955,  Rauh689( TAN);  Ambohimanga, Antanjona, [ 21°20’S 47°35’E],  30.IX.1955,  Service Forestier16292( P, TEF).  Prov. Toamasina: Ambatovy, 18°50’24”S 48°18’15”E,  1092 m,  16. V.2010,  Bernardet al. 1570( MO, P, TAN);  Androrangabe,  1200 m,  9.X.1945,  Cours2776( MO, P);  AnalamazaotraRS, 18°55’21”S 48°25’23”E,  876 m,  3.V.2010,  Hong-Wa & Ortiz654( MO, P, TAN);  Andasibe, 18°56’S 48°25’E,  860 m,  20.X.1996,  Miller8747( K, MO, TAN);  Vatomandry, Ambalabe, Tobin’i Foara, 19°11’18”S 48°33’08”E,  500 m,  17.III.2005,  Razanatsimaet al. 14( MO, P, TAN);  Ambatondrazaka, Manakambahiny Est, [ 17°46’S 48°39’E],  21.X.1963,  Réserves Naturelles12629( TEF);  Soanierana Ivongo, [ 16°54’30”S 49°35’00”E],  0-50 m,  27.XII.1949,  Service Forestier2347( P, TEF);  Andriantantely, Brickaville, [ 18°44’S 48°38’E],  200-300 m,  21.IV.1955,  Service Forestier13177( TEF).  Prov. Toliara: AndohahelaPN, Parcelle3, 24°40’S 46°48’E,  200-700 m,  9-26.VIII.1993,  Randriamampionona589( K, MO, P);  Bevoay, Fenoambany, Androranga, 24°29’39”S 47°05’39”E,  171 m,  15.XI.2009,  Razakamalalaet al. 4532( G, MO, P, TAN);  Fort-Dauphin, Enaniliha, [ 24°39’S 46°52’E],  15.VII.1956,  Service Forestier17334( TEF). 4023240434 M Foret du Sambirano & de Manongarivo 500 -18.908333 Foret du Sambirano 21 48.625 277 277 1 Antsiranana holotype 4023241190 1909-06 P Perrier de la Bathie 277 277 P00418105 1 Antsiranana holotype 4023240585 [728,846,764,791] 1927-10 1938-11 1927-10 B, P de l'Anosivola & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar Rapides de l'Anosivola 300 -17.833334 Ambatondrazaka 1277 48.416668 Perrier de la Bathie 277 277 P00413220, P00413221, P00701245 2 Toamasina lectotype 4023240465 P Analamazaotra RS & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar 800 -18.93 21 48.43 277 277 P00701244 1 Toamasina lectotype 4023240344 1912-10-16 P Viguier & Humbert Madagascar 600 -18.916666 Andovoranto 1273 48.5 Anivorano 277 277 P03559261 1 Toamasina lectotype 4023240937 [803,932,1138,1164] 1913-07 B, M, P, K du Mananjeby & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar 300 Haut 277 277 P00418106, K000233179, P00418107 1 Antsiranana holotype 4023241332 1994-09-08 K, MO, P, TAN Bernard Madagascar 8 -15.3 Antsiranana 1285 50.483334 278 278 1 Antsiranana 4023241353 2001-11-13 MO, TAN Birkinshaw Madagascar 557 -13.8675 Tsaratanana Massif 21 48.845276 278 278 1 4023241223 [540,1372,1388,1415] 1994-04-24 G, P, TAN Gautier Madagascar 350 Ambalafary Besinkara 278 278 1 4023241265 2009-11-06 G, K, MO, P, TEF, WAG Gautier et al. Madagascar 242 -13.788056 Ampasindava 21 47.984444 278 278 1 4023240930 2009-03-20 MO, P, TAN Hong-Wa et al. Madagascar 460 -14.436945 Mandena 21 49.775555 278 278 1 Maroambihy 4023241292 1949-03-14 1949-03-15 1949-03-14 MO, P Humbert Madagascar 200 -14.3 Massif du Marojejy 1288 49.55 278 278 1 4023240302 1951-11-01 1951-11-24 1951-11-01 G, P Humbert & Capuron Madagascar 175 -14.2 Antongondriha 1289 49.866665 278 278 1 4023240893 1989-10-20 MO, P, TAN Miller & Randrianasolo Madagascar 205 -14.45 Mt. Beondroka 1288 49.783333 278 278 1 4023241240 1998-10-05 G, K, MO, P, TAN Rabenantoandro & Birkinshaw Madagascar 900 -13.867778 Tsaratanana 21 48.844166 278 278 1 Ambodimanga 4023241358 1996-10-09 G, K, MO, P Rakotomalaza et al. Madagascar 460 -14.436945 Marojejy 21 49.775555 278 278 1 4023241432 1998-07-23 1998-07-25 1998-07-23 G, MO, P, TAN Ranaivojaona et al. Madagascar 180 -13.9175005 Manongarivo 21 48.45111 278 278 1 Anketrakabe 4023240333 1994-02-01 1994-02-03 1994-02-01 MO, P, TAN Rasoavimbahoaka Madagascar 603 -14.516666 Marojejy 1287 49.633335 278 278 1 Andapa 4023241316 1996-07-10 K, MO, P, TEF Razafimandimbison Madagascar 985 -14.766666 Anjanaharibe-Sud 1286 49.5 278 278 1 4023241018 1953-07-15 P, TAN, TEF Reserves Naturelles Madagascar -13.966666 Marovato 1289 48.833332 278 278 1 Ambanja 4023240757 1950-11-03 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 200 279 279 -14.308333 Sambava 21 49.816666 278 278 1 4023241146 1950-11-04 P, TAN, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 150 -14.025 Ankaramy 21 48.244446 279 279 1 Ambanja 4023240385 1953-03-26 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 1099 -14.458333 Antelimena 21 49.708336 279 279 1 Sambava 4023240817 1953-10-04 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 50 -13.675 Beampongy 21 48.45 279 279 1 4023240666 1953-10-20 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 100 -14.191667 Doany 21 49.866665 279 279 1 Andapa 4023240566 1954-07-19 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 360 -14.075 Antsahalava 21 48.266666 279 279 1 4023241208 1988-07-23 TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 1099 -14.458333 Doany 21 49.708336 279 279 1 Andapa 4023240633 2009-01-24 G, MO, TEF Tahinarivony Madagascar 110 -13.676945 Ampasindava 21 47.987778 279 279 1 Ampasindava 4023241516 1998-08-11 G, MO, P, TEF Wohlhauser Madagascar 350 -13.95 Ambahatra 1289 48.433334 279 279 1 Ambahatra 4023241275 TAN Prov. & Ranomafana PN Madagascar -21.166666 Rauh 1265 47.483334 279 279 1 Fianarantsoa 4023241288 1955-09-30 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -21.333334 Antanjona 1264 47.583332 279 279 1 Ambohimanga 4023241212 2010-05-16 V, MO, P, TAN Bernard Madagascar 1092 -18.84 Toamasina 21 48.304165 279 279 1 Toamasina 4023240897 1945-10-09 MO, P Cours Madagascar 1200 Androrangabe 279 279 1 4023241302 2010-05-03 MO, P, TAN Hong-Wa & Ortiz Madagascar 876 -18.922499 Analamazaotra 21 48.423058 279 279 1 4023241172 1996-10-20 K, MO, TAN Miller Madagascar 860 -18.933332 Andasibe 1273 48.416668 279 279 1 4023241130 2005-03-17 MO, P, TAN Razanatsima Madagascar 500 -19.188332 Ambalabe 21 48.552223 279 279 1 Vatomandry 4023240946 1963-10-21 TEF Reserves Naturelles Madagascar -17.766666 Ambatondrazaka 1277 48.65 279 279 1 4023240640 1949-12-27 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 25 -16.908333 Soanierana Ivongo 21 49.583332 279 279 1 4023241320 1955-04-21 TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 250 -18.733334 Brickaville 1274 48.633335 279 279 1 Andriantantely 4023240444 1993-08-09 1993-08-26 1993-08-09 K, MO, P Randriamampionona Madagascar 450 -24.666666 Toliara 1250 46.8 279 279 1 Toliara 4023241187 2009-11-15 G, MO, P, TAN Razakamalala Madagascar 171 -24.494167 Fenoambany 21 47.094166 279 279 1 Bevoay 4023241273 1956-07-15 TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -24.65 Enaniliha 1250 46.866665 279 279 1 Fort-Dauphin