Revision of Australian Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) with description of 100 new species Motamedinia, Behnam Földvari, Mihaly Skevington, Jeffrey H. Kelso, Scott Zootaxa 2023 2025-03-05 5599 1 1 271 Foldvari, Skevington & Motamedinia Foldvari, Skevington & Motamedinia 2023 [151,945,726,753] Insecta Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella Animalia Diptera 29 30 Arthropoda species bicalcarata sp. nov.   Figs 10A–E, 110, 148A   Diagnosis:This species can be recognized by the hind trochanter having two spur-like projections ( Fig. 148A); surstyli elongated in dorsal view ( Fig. 10A); phallic guide with six spines; phallus with three short ejaculatory ducts and two long membranous sheaths in ventral view ( Fig. 10E); hypandrial apodeme L-shaped in lateral view ( Fig. 10C–D)   Description: MALE:Body length: 3.1–3.3 mm. Head. Flagellum acuminate; brown. Face silvery pollinose. Frons, upper part shining black, lower part distinctly silver pollinose; eyes touching for distance equal to 1.5–2 times the length of ocellar triangle. Occiput silvery pollinose, less so on upper 1/3. Thorax. Postpronotum pale, with 2–3 pale bristles. Mesonotum (viewed obliquely from front) brownish pollinose, anterior part more grey, grayish also from the side. Scutellum brownish pollinose and with 4–6 weak bristles along the distal edge. Dorsocentral bristles indistinct, somewhat more visible along frontal edge, numerous pale bristles around postpronotum. Halter, knob pale, stem brown. Legs. Mid coxa with 1–2 dark spine-like bristles. Trochanters and femora dark brown, shining ventrally, silvery pollinose posteriorly except shiny hind femur; knees and basal 1/5 of tibiae yellow (tibiae otherwise dark brown), tarsal segments yellow-brown, ventrally somewhat paler, last segment darker. Hind trochanter with double spurs, anterior is straighter and needle-like ( Fig. 148A); ventrobasal bristle (one) on fore and mid femora. Ventroapical row of spines on fore femur absent; 5–6 small, black spines on mid femur; hind femur without ventroapical spines, except 12–13 equally spaced bristles posteroventrally, longer on the distal half, in length up to 1.2–1.4 times the width of hind tibia at distal end. Subapical (distal) spines on first four tibiae absent. Metatarsi: hind metatarsus flattened, and almost as long as 2 ndand both with scrub-like bristles ventrally. Pulvilli shorter than last tarsal segment. Wing. Length: 2.9–3.0 mm. Upper side of basal costal cell with one short dark bristle. Fourth costal section 2–2.5 times as long as third costal section. Cross-vein r-m at middle of discal cell. 1–2 small brown setulae on tegula. Abdomen. Viewed obliquely from front tergites subshining black, tergite 1 silvery grey, sides silvery pollinose on tergites 3, 4 and 5 (largest on tergite 5). Dispersed strong dark bristles on all tergites present, longest on tergite 5 up to 0.5 times the width of hind tibia at distal end. Lateral bristles on first tergite present, 5–6 pale bristles up to 1.5 times as long as hind femur’s width at base. Postabdomen in dorsal view: T6, S7 invisible; T5 1.2 times as long as ST8. Genitalia without dissection: ST8 medium sized square shaped in dorsal view, brown and with the occasional abdominal bristles, otherwise velvet-like coverage; membranous area elongated, widening dorsally; epandrium brown, surstyli pale brown, long and broad. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.8); surstyli symmetrical, rectangular shaped with pointing tips at its apical inner corner, left surstylus slightly longer and wider than right one ( Fig. 10A). Genital capsule in ventral view: phallic guide straight and slender, phallus with three ejaculatory ducts and with two membranous sheaths covered by some small condensed hairs at apex; gonopods elongated towards surstyli, equal in height, subepandrial sclerite long at apex and widened at base; hypandrium with a small hairy membranous sheath extended towards gonopod ( Fig. 10B). Genital capsule in lateral view: both surstyli curved towards sternite, more broadened at middle; hypandrial apodeme L-shaped, phallic guide with six dorso- dorsolateral spines (three short and three longer ones, the longest one twice as length as others) ( Fig. 10C–E).   FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of  Tomosvaryella bicalcarata  sp. nov.(CNC574785, QM) A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C, D) lateral view, E) left surstylus, phallus and phallic guide in lateral view.  FEMALE:Unknown.   Etymology: The name is from the Latin bi for two and calcar for spur, in reference to the hind trochanter having two spur-like projections.  Examined material:   HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Culgoa National Park,  4.5kmWest-Northwest Cawwell Homestead, Claypan( CGN3M), 29°3’S, 147°1’E, Gidgee,  21.xii.2009–  30.i.2010, B. Schiebaan, Malaise trap, CNC574785( 1♂, QM);   PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Culgoa Floodplain National Park,  10kmNE Toulby Gate( CG3), 28°56’S, 147°0’E,  140m, Brigalow,  16.ix–1.x.2008, Simpson, Coward, Malaise trap, CNC576530( 1♂, CNC);  South Australia: Flinder’s Ranges National Park, Brachina Gorge, Heysen Hilltop, 31°20’S, 138°33’E,  9.x.1997, J.&A. Skevington& C. Lambkin, JSS8376, JSS8384, JSS8387–8, JSS8391( 5♂, QM);  New South Wales: Culgoa National Park,  4.5kmWNW Cawwell Homestead, Claypan( CGN3M), 29°3’S, 147°1’E,  192m, Gidgee, 22.XI–21. XII .2009, C. Lambkin, N. Starick& B. Schiebaan, Malaise trap, CNC591856( 1♂, CNC);  Culgoa National Park,  1kmNorth-Northwest of Cawwell Homestead, Claypan( CGN4M), 29°4’S, 147°3’E,  136m, Gidgee, 30.I–18. V .2010, Malaise trap, B. Schiebaan, CNC574679( 1♂, USNM).   Distribution: Australia( New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia) ( Fig. 110).  Notes:This species is found in dry habitats dominated by  Acaciaand is known to hilltop. 2009-12-21 2010-01-30 2009-12-21 QM B. Schiebaan Australia -29.05 Claypan 1229 147.01666 Culgoa National Park 31 32 CGN3, CNC574785 1 1 New South Wales holotype 2008-09-16 2008-10-01 2008-09-16 CNC Brigalow & Simpson & Coward Australia 140 -28.933332 Culgoa Floodplain National Park 1230 147.0 31 32 CG3, CNC576530 1 1 Queensland paratype 1997-10-09 QM J. & A. Skevington & C. Lambkin Australia -31.333334 Flinder's Ranges National Park 1216 138.55 31 32 JSS8376, JSS8384, JSS8387-8, JSS8391 5 5 South Australia paratype XII Gidgee Australia 192 -29.05 Claypan 1229 147.01666 Culgoa National Park 31 32 CGN3 1 New South Wales paratype CNC C. Lambkin & N. Starick & Schiebaan Australia 31 32 CNC591856 1 1 New South Wales paratype V Gidgee Australia 136 -29.066668 Claypan 1229 147.05 Culgoa National Park 31 32 CGN4 1 New South Wales paratype [542,1234,582,609] USNM Schiebaan Australia 31 32 CNC574679 1 1 New South Wales paratype