Revision of Australian Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) with description of 100 new species Motamedinia, Behnam Földvari, Mihaly Skevington, Jeffrey H. Kelso, Scott Zootaxa 2023 2025-03-05 5599 1 1 271 Foldvari, Skevington & Motamedinia Foldvari, Skevington & Motamedinia 2023 [151,918,474,501] Insecta Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella Animalia Diptera 211 212 Arthropoda species tetraloba sp. nov.   Figs 96A–E, 139, 146F   Diagnosis:This species can be recognized by the hind trochanter having a keel with tiny dark spines ventrobasally ( Fig. 146F); some long posterior bristles in apical half of hind femur; elongate surstyli in dorsal view ( Fig. 96A); gonopods with four projections in ventral view ( Fig. 96B); hypandrium with two small projections towards gonopod ( Fig. 96B); phallic guide with six dorsolateral spines ( Fig. 96B).   Description: MALE. Body length: 2.6 mm. Head. Flagellum acuminate; yellow-brown. Face silvery pollinose. Frons, upper part shining black, lower part distinctly silver pollinose; eyes touching for distance equal to 1–1.3 times the length of ocellar triangle. Occiput silvery pollinose, less so on upper 1/3. Thorax. Postpronotum pale, with 6–7 distinct pale bristles. Mesonotum (viewed obliquely from front) brownish pollinose, anterior part silver pollinose, slightly grayish also from the side. Scutellum silver pollinose and with 6–8 weak bristles along the distal edge. Dorsocentral bristles well developed, dark, longer on frontal part and numerous dark bristles around postpronotum. Halter, knob pale, stem brown. Legs. Mid coxa with two spines. Trochanters and femora black, shining ventrally, silvery pollinose posteriorly except shiny hind femur; knees and basal 1/5 of tibiae yellow (tibiae otherwise brown), tarsal segments yellow, last segment darker dorsally. Hind trochanter with a keel provided with tiny dark spines (3–8) in a group ventrobasally ( Fig. 146F). Ventroapical row of spines on fore femur absent, 4–6 very short, black spines on mid femur; no spines on hind femur, hind femur with 14–16 pale, long bristles equally spaced posteriorly, longer on distal half (longest up to as long as 1.2–1.4 times the width of hind tibia at the distal end). Subapical (distal) spines on fore and mid tibiae present (very short). Hind metatarsus slightly flattened in middle, extended along the posterior edge, with dorsal bristles, missing in the middle, arranged in rows along the edges; hind metatarsus and second tarsomere with scrub-like? bristles ventrally. Pulvilli as long as last tarsal segment. Wing. Length: 3.0 mm. Upper side of basal costal cell with one dark and long bristles. Fourth costal section 2–2.5 times as long as third costal section. Cross-vein r-m at middle of discal cell. 8–9 dark setulae on tegula. Abdomen. Viewed obliquely from front tergites subshining black, tergite 1 and anterior half of tergite 2 silvery grey, sides silvery pollinose on tergites 4 and 5 (the latter with only slightly larger spots). Dispersed long dark bristles on tergites present, the longest on tergite 5 and up to 0.5–0.8 times as long as width of hind tibia at base. Lateral bristles on first tergite present, 6–8 brown bristles in a row up to as long as the width of hind femur at distal tip in lateral view. Postabdomen in dorsal view: T6, S7 invisible; T5 1–1.2 times as long as ST8. Genitalia without dissection: ST8 medium sized, brown-black, with occasional small bristles; membranous area elongated, widening on upper part, which is directed dorsally; epandrium brown-black; surstyli yellow, appear to be elongated and slim. Genitalia. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium wider than long (MLE:MWE = 0.6). Surstyli elongate, slender and symmetrical. Left surstylus slightly longer than right surstylus. Both surstyli with broad base and tips curving inward ( Fig. 96A). Genital capsule in ventral view: subepandrial sclerite wider in middle, gonopods rounded at the apex with two long finger-like projections towards surstyli and two projections extended towards phallus ( Fig. 96B); lobes of hypandrium sclerotized and broadened in middle with two small projections towards gonopod ( Fig. 96B). Phallus strong and straight, with three short ejaculatory ducts; phallic guide with six spines dorsolaterally (three left spines longer than others) ( Fig. 96B). Genital capsule in lateral view: left surstylus straight in basal half and curved towards sternite in apical half; right surstylus slightly curved towards sternite in apical half ( Fig. 96D–E). Ejaculatory apodeme tube-like with a bulb in its middle ( Fig. 96C).  FEMALE: Unknown.   Etymology: The name is derived from the Greek tetra, four and the Latin lobus, an elongated projection or protuberance, in reference to the four projections on the male gonopods.   FIGURE 96. Male genitalia of  Tomosvaryella tetraloba  sp. nov.(JSS16036, ANIC) A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C) ejaculatory apodeme, D, E) lateral view.  Examined material:   HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Yathong Nature Res[erve] n[ea]r Triangle Tank, 32°38’S, 145°32’E,  200m, in sandy wash in low closed mallee,  3–25.x.2003, C. Lambkin& N. Starick, Malaise trap, JSS16037( 1♂, ANIC);   PARATYPE: AUSTRALIA: same data as holotype, JSS16036( 1♂, ANIC).   Distribution: Australia( New South Wales) ( Fig. 139).  Notes:The shape of the surstyli is similar to  T. biflocca  sp. nov., elongated and slender in dorsal view. It differs by the hind trochanter having a keel ventrobasally; gonopods rounded at the apex and the subepandrial sclerite without a vertical protrusion in middle in ventral view ( Fig. 96B), without membranous sheath ( Fig. 96B). Intraspecific genetic distance is 0.3%.  Tomosvaryella tetraloba  sp. nov.is genetically closest to  T. quadrata  sp. nov.(4.4% pairwise divergence) (Supplementary file 3). 2003-10-03 2003-10-25 2003-10-03 ANIC C. Lambkin & N. Starick Australia 200 -32.633335 Triangle Tank 1209 145.53334 Yathong Nature Res 212 213 JSS16037 1 1 New South Wales holotype 2003-10-03 2003-10-25 2003-10-03 ANIC C. Lambkin & N. Starick Australia 200 -32.633335 Triangle Tank 1209 145.53334 Yathong Nature Res 212 213 JSS16036 1 1 New South Wales paratype