Cytospora nivea (Hoffm.) Sacc., Michelia 2: 264 (1881) Post . (Stockholm): 411 (1849) Leucostoma niveum (Hoffm.) Hohn., Mitt. Wien 5: 58 (1928) Cytospora nivea Cytospora nivea Cytospora species associated with canker disease of three anti-desertification plants in northwestern China Fan, Xin-Lei Hyde, Kevin D. Yang, Qin Liang, Ying-Mei Ma, Rong Tian, Cheng-Ming Phytotaxa 2015 2015-02-19 197 4 227 244 (Hoffm.) Sacc., Michelia [136,610,1195,1222] Dothideomycetes Cyclothyriellaceae Cytospora Fungi Pleosporales 11 238 Ascomycota species nivea   =  Valsa nivea(Hoffm.) Fr., Summaveg. Scand., Section  Post. (Stockholm): 411 (1849)    =  Leucostoma niveum(Hoffm.) Hohn., Mitt.bot. Inst. tech. Hochsch.  Wien 5: 58 (1928)  Host and Distribution:—Known from  Elaeagnus angustifoliain China;  Juniperusand  Rosain Bulgaria;  Malusin Iranand South Africa; and Salicaceaein Asia, Europe, North America and South Africa. Pathogen on twigs and branches of  Elaeagnus angustifoliaand  Salix psammophila. Sexual state:—Stromata immersed in bark. Ascostromata, erumpent through the surface of bark, lenticular, extending to a large circular area, (570–)620– 1080(–1120) μm (average = 930 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Conceptacle dark, surround the ascostromata. Disc white to light brown, nearly flat, circular to ovoid, (170–)200–280(–300) μm (average = 250 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Ostioles numerous, dark brown to black, at the same level as the disc, occasionally area below disc a lighter entostroma,, (40.6–)42.5–86.1(–89.5) μm (average = 64.8 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Locules dark brown, arranged circularly, flask-shaped to spherical, (160–)210–260(–280) μm (average = 240 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Asci free, clavate to elongate obovoid, (30.1–)31.7–43.5(–44.4) × (5.2–)5.5–7.4(–7.9) μm (average = 39.8 × 6 μm, n = 20), 8-spored. Ascospores biseriate, elongate-allantoid, thin-walled, hyaline, eguttulate, aseptate, (9.7–)10.8–15.3(–16.3) × (1.8–)2.1–3.2(–3.6) μm (average = 13.2 × 2.7 μm, n = 50). Asexual state:—Stromata immersed in bark. Conidiomata, erumpent through the surface of bark, discoid to conicoid, with multiple locules. Conceptacle dark, surround the stromata. Disc brown to dark grey, nearly flat, ovoid to ellipsoid, (110–) 140–210(–270) μm (average = 190 μm, n=20) in diameter, with one ostiole per disc. Ostiole at the same level as the disc, dark grey to black, (52.5–)54.3–90.9(–93.2) μm (average = 74.8 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Multi-locules arranged irregularly with common walls, (410–)470–650(–770) μm (average = 550 μm, n = 20) in diameter. Conidiophores hyaline, unbranched, or occasionally branched at the bases, (16.9–)18.3–28.5(–29.1) μm (average = 23 μm, n = 20). Conidia hyaline, elongate-allantoid, aseptate, eguttulate, (6–)6.2–9.2(–9.8) × (1.5–)1.7–2.4(–2.9) μm (average = 7.6 × 1.9 μm, n = 50).   FIGURE 7. Morphology of  Cytospora niveafrom  Salix psammophila(BJFU-S979). a, d: Habit of conidiomata on twig. b, c: Longitudinal sections through conidiomata. e, f: Transverse sections through conidiomata. g: Conidiophores. h: Conidia. i: Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). j: Habit of ascomata on twig. k: Longitudinal sections through ascomata. l: Disc of ascomata on twig. m: Transverse sections through ascomata. n: Asci. o: ascospores. p: Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). Scale bars: a, j=1 mm; b–f, k–m= 0.5 mm; g=20 μm; h=5 μm; n–o=10 μm. Cultures:—Colony originally white, and producing dark green to black pigment after 7–10 days, flat, felty, with concentric circles, and conidiomata irregular on the medium surface.   Materialexamined:—  CHINA Ningxia Province: Guyuan, Changchengliang, 36°03’01.78” N, 106°16’18.09” E,  1777 masl., on twigs and branches of  Elaeagnus angustifolia, collected by X. L. Fan,  24 Jul 2013( BJFC-S964); living culture, CFCC 89641;   Shaanxi Province, Yulin, Hongshi Gorge, 38°19’32.43” N, 109°42’00.69” E,  1105 masl., on twigs and branches of  Salix psammophila, collected by X. L. Fan,  29 Jul 2013( BJFC-S979); living culture (from conidia), CFCC 89642;  ibid., living culture (from ascospore), CFCC 89643. Notes:  Cytospora niveais a commonly recorded species associated with Salicaceaehosts, whereas it has only been collected on  Populusin China( Saccardo 1881, 1884; Chen 2002; Zhuang 2005). In the current study, the isolates CFCC 89641, CFCC 89642, and CFCC 89643 were shown to be  C. niveabased on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters ( Adams et al.2006). This is the first record of this species on  Salix psammophilaworldwide.    Cytospora niveahas not been epitypified and therefore we treat BJFC-S979 as an authentic specimen. This has proved as consistent results from several other authors without epitypification ( Saccardo 1881, 1884; Zhuang 2005; Adams et al.2006). It makes sense to epitypify this here for further study. Thus fresh collections of  Cytospora niveaare needed for epitypification. 2013-07-24 L Fan China Material 1777 36.050495 Changchengliang 1 106.2717 Guyuan 13 240 BJFC-S964 1 Ningxia CFCC China 13 240 CFCC 89641 1 Ningxia 2013-07-29 L Fan China 1105 38.325672 Hongshi Gorge 1 109.70019 Yulin 13 240 BJFC-S979 1 Shaanxi CFCC China 13 240 CFCC 89642 1 Shaanxi [405,984,376,401] CFCC China 13 240 CFCC 89643 1 Shaanxi