Cimex viridulus Linnaeus, 1758: 444 Cimex torquatus Fabricius, 1775: 710 Cimex smaragdulus Fabricius, 1775: 711 Cimex transversus Thunberg, 1783: 40 Cimex variabilis Villers, 1789: 505 Cimex spirans Fabricius, 1798: 533 Cimex viridissimus Wolff, 1801: 55 Pentatoma flavicollis Palisot de Beauvois, 1818: 185 Pentatoma oblonga Westwood, 1837: 37 Pentatoma unicolor Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma berylina Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma subsericea Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma leii Westwood, 1837:38 Pentatoma tripunctigera Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma chinensis Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma proxima Westwood, 1837: 9 Pentatoma chloris Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma chlorocephala Westwood, 1837: 38 Pentatoma propinqua Westwood, 1837: 9 Cimex hemichloris Germar, 1838: 166 Nezara approximata Reiche & Fairmaire, 1848: 443 Pentatoma plicaticollis Lucas, 1849: 87 Rhaphigaster prasinus Dallas, 1851: 274 Rhaphigaster orbus Stål, 1854: 221 Pentatoma vicaria Walker, 1867: 303 Nezara viridula var. aurantiaca A. Costa, 1884: 37 Nezara antennata var. icterica Horváth, 1889: 31 Nezara viridula var. hepatica Horváth, 1903 : 406 Nezara icterica (Horváth, 1889) Ghauri 1972 An annotated catalog of the Iranian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) Ghahari, Hassan Moulet, Pierre Rider, David A. Zootaxa 2014 3837 1 1 95 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus 1758 Linnaeus 1758 [151,537,1886,1911] Insecta Pentatomidae Nezara Animalia Hemiptera 39 40 Arthropoda species viridula    Cimex viridulusLinnaeus, 1758: 444;  Cimex torquatusFabricius, 1775: 710;  Cimex smaragdulusFabricius, 1775: 711;  Cimex transversusThunberg, 1783: 40;  Cimex variabilisVillers, 1789: 505;  Cimex spiransFabricius, 1798: 533;  Cimex viridissimusWolff, 1801: 55;  Pentatoma flavicollisPalisot de Beauvois, 1818: 185;  Pentatoma oblongaWestwood, 1837: 37;  Pentatoma unicolorWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma berylinaWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma subsericeaWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma leiiWestwood, 1837:38;  Pentatoma tripunctigeraWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma chinensisWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma proximaWestwood, 1837: 9;  Pentatoma chlorisWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma chlorocephalaWestwood, 1837: 38;  Pentatoma propinquaWestwood, 1837: 9;  Cimex hemichlorisGermar, 1838: 166;  Nezara approximataReiche & Fairmaire, 1848: 443;  Pentatoma plicaticollisLucas, 1849: 87;  Rhaphigaster prasinusDallas, 1851: 274(non Linnaeus, 1758);  Rhaphigaster orbusStål, 1854: 221;  Pentatoma vicariaWalker, 1867: 303;  Nezara viridula var. aurantiacaA. Costa, 1884: 37;  Nezara antennatavar. ictericaHorváth, 1889: 31;  Nezara viridulavar. hepatica Horváth, 1903: 406;  Nezara icterica(Horváth, 1889) Ghauri 1972 stat. nov.   Distribution in Iran.Ardabil ( Linnavuori 2008), Fars( Safavi 1959; Kiritshenko 1966; Modarres Awal 1997b), Golestan ( Jakovlev 1877, 1880; Hoberlandt 1955; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b; Karimian & Khormali 2006; Linnavuori 2008; Ghahari et al. 2011a), Guilan ( Wagner 1961; Miyamoto 1963; Hoberlandt 1997; Modarres Awal 1997b; Linnavuori 2008); Hamadan ( Mirab-balou et al. 2007), Hormozgan ( Kiritshenko 1966; Linnavuori 2004), Kerman ( Seidenstücker 1958; Farahbakhsh 1961; Kiritshenko 1966; Wagner 1968; Hoberlandt 1997; Modarres Awal 1997b), Khorasan ( Modarres Awal 1996a, 1997b, 2008; Mehneh et al. 2010), Khuzestan ( Hoberlandt 1955; Safavi 1959; Modarres Awal 1997b; Linnavuori 2012), Kordestan ( Wagner 1968), Mazandaran ( Kiritshenko 1949; Hoberlandt 1955, 1997; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b; Heiss 2002; Linnavuori 2008; Sakenin et al. 2008), Semnan ( Modarres Awal 1997b; Kalaii et al. 2013), Sistan & Baluchestan (Ghahari et al. 2011b), West Azarbaijan (Nateq Golestan 2004; Nateq Golestan et al. 2004, 2010b, c), Zanjan ( Modarres Awal 1997b), Caspian Sea area ( Farahbakhsh 1961), Iran(no locality cited) ( Oshanin 1906; Khanjani 2006; Rider 2006).  General distribution.Mediterranean basin, Near East, Central and Far Eastern Asia ( Japan), tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia, ( Ferrari et al. 2010), it is also known from Argentinato the southern half of United States.  Host plants.In cotton field ( Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b; Linnavuori 2004; Karimian & Khormali 2006; Ghahari et al. 2011a),  Salixsp.( Salicaceae) near rice field ( Miyamoto 1963), on castor-bean, citrus, cucumber, melon, mulberry, tobacco, tomato, water-melon ( Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b), lucerne, pistachio, soybean ( Modarres Awal 1997b),  Medicago sativa( Fabaceae) ( Modarres Awal 1996a; Mirabbalou et al. 2007), Citrus aurantium( Rutaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008),  Phragmitessp.( Poaceae), and  Tamarixsp.( Tamaricaceae) (Linnavuori 2012). Ribes & Pagola Carte (2013) recall that  N. viridulahas been recorded on more than 150 plants belonging to many diverse families.   Comments.The variety  N. viridulaf. smaragdula(Fabricius, 1775) is distinguished by its reddish color, variety  Nezara viridulaf. torquataFabricius, 1775 by the yellow collar on the pronotum; smaragdulaseems to be an automnal form in western Europe; these forms are only color variations and have no taxonomic value.