Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s. s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)
Liu, Shi-Liang
Nakasone, Karen K.
Wu, Sheng-Hua
He, Shuang-Hui
Dai, Yu-Cheng
MycoKeys
2018
32
25
48
3W222
823072
S. H. He, S. L. Liu & Y. C. Dai
Agaricomycetes
Polyporaceae
Lopharia
CoL
Fungi
Lopharia sinensis
Polyporales
1
26
Basidiomycota
species
sinensis
Diagnosis. Differs from L. cinerascensby its ellipsoid basidiospores and long, projecting cystidia. Known only from northern China.
Holotype. CHINA. Ningxia Autonomous Region: Jingyuan County, Liupanshan Forest Park, on dead angiosperm branch, 4 Aug. 2015, He 2428 (holotype, BJFC 020881!).
Etymology. " sinensis" (Lat.) refers to the type locality in China.
Fruiting body. Annual, effused to effused-reflexed, adnate, coriaceous, first as small patches, later confluent, effused part up to 8 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, up to 1 mm thick, pilei projecting up to 1 cm, 3 cm wide. Abhymenial surface tomentose to glabrous, greyish-orange (6B3) to brownish-grey [6D(2-4)]. Hymenophore smooth, greyish-orange (6B3), greyish-brown (6D3) to light brown [6D(4-6)], uncracked; margin thinning out, lighter than hymenophore surface, up to 1.5 mm wide, becoming indistinct and concolorous with age. Figure 4. Microscopic structures of Lopharia sinensis(drawn from holotype). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Basidioles D Lamprocystidia.
Microscopic structures. Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections. Cortex and tomentum present. Subiculum well developed, hyphae more or less regularly arranged, interwoven. Skeletal hyphae dominant, thick-walled, pale yellow, unbranched and septate, flexuous, 3-6 µmin diam. Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, rarely branched and septate, 2-4 µmin diam. Lamprocystidia abundant, large, subulate, distinctly thick-walled, arising from subhymenium, 100-280 x8-20 µm, projecting up to 200 µmbeyond hymenium. Basidia clavate, with a basal clamp and four sterigmata, 45-70 x9-13 µm; basidioles dominating in hymenium, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, containing a large guttule, IKI-, CB-, 11-14 x(6 -)6.5-8 µm, L = 12.6 µm, W = 7.1 µm, Q = 1.75-1.79 (n = 60/2).
Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Gansu Province: Pingliang County, Kongtongshan Forest park, on fallen trunk of Euonymus maackii, 3 Aug 2015, He 2401 (BJFC 020855); on dead angiosperm branch, 3 Aug 2015, He 2408 (BJFC 020862); Tianshui County, Dangchuan Forest Farm, on construction wood, 8 Aug 2015, He 2510 (BJFC 020963). Hebei Province: Xinglong County, Wulingshan Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm branch, 2 Sep 2017, He 5005 (BJFC). Ningxia Autonomous Region: Jingyuan County, Liupanshan Forest Park, on dead angiosperm trunk, 4 Aug 2015, He 2424 (BJFC 020877) & He 2438 (BJFC 020891).
Remarks. Lopharia sinensisbelongs to the L. cinerascensclade (Fig. 1). It differs from L. mirabilisby its smooth hymenophore surface and north temperate distribution and from L. cinerascensby its ellipsoid basidiospores and long, projecting cystidia ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 1990, Dai 2002). Lopharia pseudocinerascensfrom Africa also belongs to the L. cinerascensgroup and can be distinguished from L. sinensisby narrower basidiospores (8-14 x4.5-6.5 µm, Boidin and Gilles 2002). Sixspecies of Lopharia, L. ayresii, L. cinerascens, L. resupinata, L. mirabilis, L. sinensisand Lophariasp. (FP-105043) are included in a fully supported monophyletic clade (Fig. 1). They all develop the large encrusted cystidia, the large basidia (> 50 µmlong) and the relatively large basidiospores (> 8 µmlong and 4 µmwide) that characterise the genus. Lopharia mirabilis, the generic type, is a tropical species possessing a tuberculate, odontoid, irpicoid to semiporoid hymenophore ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 1990, Dai 2002). The authors'phylogenetic analyses show that collections from temperate to tropical areas in China, with smooth to semiporoid hymenophores, cluster together, thus extending the geographical range and hymenophore variability for L. mirabilis(Figs 1, 5). Thus, specimens from Taiwan, previously identified as L. cinerascens( Boidin and Gilles 2002, Wu 2010) because of their smooth hymenophore, are in fact L. mirabilis. Figure 5. Basidiocarps of Lopharia mirabilis. A He 4558 B Dai 15094 C Dai 14978 D He 20120923-7 E He 1657 F Cui 9330. Lophariacinerascensis a cosmopolitan species in temperate to subtropical areas ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 1990, Boidin and Gilles 2002). These phylogenetic analyses suggest that it is a species complex (Fig. 1). Two specimens (He 2188 and He 2228, Fig. 2F) from Wisconsin in northern United States are probably L. cinerascenss.s. for it is near the type locality of Pennsylvania. They are phylogenetically distinct from FP-105043 (listed as L. cinerascensin Justo and Hibbett, 2011) which was collected in Mississippi, southern United States. Lopharia ayresiinests within the Lophariaclade and forms with L. resupinataa strongly supported lineage sister to the L. mirabilisgroup (Fig. 1). These two species have resupinate basidiocarps, a monomitic hyphal system, a thin to indistinct subiculum and a thickened subhymenium. Otherwise, they fit well with other Lophariaspe ciesin developing large basidia and basidiospores and encrusted cystidia. The addition of these species requires that the genus description of Lophariabe modified to include monomitic taxa. It is still premature to make a conclusion about the distribution of Lophariaspecies with present data. Three species, L. pseudocinerascens, L. sinensisand L. resupinata, have been found from the type localities only ( Boidin and Gilles 2002, present study). Lopharia mirabilisis reported from tropical Africa to temperate to tropical East Asia ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 1990, present study). Lopharia ayresiiseems to be pantropical and is reported from Mauritius, Reunion( Boidin and Gilles 1991), southern China ( Wu 2008), Taiwan ( Wu 2010), Okinawa ( Maekawa et al. 2003) and South America ( Hjortstam et al. 2005, Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2008).