Eugenia submontana (Myrteae, Myrtaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil and notes on Eugenia culicina Amorim, Bruno S. Alves, Marccus Phytotaxa 2015 2015-05-21 208 3 209 216 3C6FF B. S. Amorim & M. Alves B. S. Amorim & M. Alves. A. Branch 2015 [136,677,1494,1519] Magnoliopsida Myrtaceae Eugenia Plantae Myrtales 1 210 Tracheophyta species submontana sp. nov.   Type:—  BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Mun. Jaqueira, RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim, 08º43’40”S, 35º50’18”W,  650–700 melev.,  20 September 2011, fl., fr.,  B. S. Amorim1080, D. Araújo, E. Mendonça, A. A. M. Araújo& M. A. Chagas( holotype: UFP!;  isotypes: CEPEC!,  K!,  MO,  NY!,  RB!  SP!  UEC!).  Shrubs to treelets up to 4 mtall, closely related to  E. excelsabut differing by sulcate midvein on adaxial surface of leaves(versus raised), lanceolate bracteoles (vs. linear) and square staminal ring (vs. rounded).  Shrubs to treelets up to 4 mtall; rough and fissured bark, scattered, simple white hairs, 1 mmlong. Leaves elliptic, 7.5–12 × 2.4–4.2 cm, membranaceous, pubescent on abaxial surface and with scattered hairs on adaxial surface (simple hairs), apex acuminate, base cuneate, midvein sulcate and glabrous on the upper surface, and pubescent on the lower surface, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, sub-opposite, marginal vein 0.1 cmfrom the margin; petiole 0.5 cmlong, sulcate on the adaxial surface, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, internodes 1–2 mmdistant from each other, bearing 1–2 pairs of flowers; bracts 1 mmlong, lanceolate, puberulent, persisting after anthesis; peduncle 0.1–0.2 cmlong, puberulent; pedicel 1–2 cmlong, puberulent. Hypanthium puberulent; bracteoles lanceolate, 1–1.5 mmlong, with scattered hairs; calyx lobes four, 2 mmlong, acute, glabrous on inner surface and puberulent on outer surface; petals not seen; stamens ca. 100, 3–4 mmlong, glabrous, anther 0.5 mmlong, ellipsoid, rimose; staminal ring 2 mmwide, squared, glabrous; style not seen. Fruit 1–1.2 × 1–1.2 cm, subglobose, yellowish to red (when mature), smooth surface; seeds not seen.    Eugenia submontanabelongs to a group of species recognized by the presence of racemes with short internodes ( 1–2 mmdistant from each other). Berg (1856)proposed a infragenerical classification for  Eugeniaand the species with this morphological feature were distributed in five sections [  Eugeniasect. Uniflorae ,sect.  Biflorae,sect.  Glomeratae,sect. Umbellatae,and sect. Corymbiflorae], while in the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of Mazine et al. (2014), the species with short internodes emerges as a supported monophyletic clade.   FIGURE 2.  Eugenia submontanaB.S. Amorim & M. Alves. A. Branchin flowering. B. Detail of flower. C. Fruit. (A, B, and C from the holotype: B.S. Amorim 1080 et al.).   FIGURE 3.A–B.  Eugenia culicinaSobral. A. Branchin fruiting. B. Mature fruit. C–F.  Eugenia submontanaB.S. Amorim & M. Alves. C. Roughand fissured bark. D. Leaves abaxial surface and stems with immature fruits. E. Flowering inflorescence. F. Fruit (A, and B from B.S. Amorim 1593; C, D, E, and F from the holotype B.S. Amorim 1080). The Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazilhas 90 species of  Eugeniaalready recorded and more than 25% of them are endemic ( Sobral et al. 2014). Most of the species (more than 85%) from the area shares short-internode racemes ( 1–2 mmdistant from each other) (B.S. Amorim unpubl. data, Sobral et al. 2014) and can be found in lowland, submontane and montane forests. In the submontane Atlantic forests of northeastern Brazil, 16 species hold this character ( Amorim and Alves 2012 c, Amorim et al. 2009, Sobral et al. 2012), and 11 of them have subglobose to globose fruits. [i.e.  Eugenia adenanthaO. Berg (1859: 578),  E. astringensCambessèdes (1833: 361),  Eugenia.  culicina Sobral (2013: 48),  E. excelsaO. Berg (1857: 227),  E. flamingensisO. Berg (1859: 576),  E. itacarensis Mattos (1974: 3),  E. ligustrina( Swartz 1788: 78) Willdenow (1799: 962),  E. platyphyllaO. Berg (1857: 294),  E. rostrataO. Berg (1857: 282),  E. schottianaO. Berg (1857: 286),  E. subreticulata Glaziou (1908: 233),  E. tumescensAmorim & Alves (2012: 694), and  E. umbrosaO. Berg (1859: 582)] ( Amorim and Alves 2012c, Sobral 1013) which are compared in Table 1.   Geographic Distribution and Ecology:—  Eugenia submontanais found in submontane Atlantic Forestfragments in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Until now, it is known only from submontane forests, from where several species are known as endemics, such as  Vriesea barbosaeJ.A. Siqueira & Leme (2006: 362)and  V. freicanecanaJ.A. Siqueira & Leme (2006: 377)( Bromeliaceae),  Diospyros serrana Sothers (2003: 477)( Ebenaceae),  Erythroxylum umbrosum Costa-Lima & Alves (2013: 55)( Erythroxylaceae),  Eugenia culicina Sobral (2013: 48)( Myrtaceae),  Campylocentrum serranumE. Pessoa & M. Alves (2015: 54)and  Specklinia integripetalaE. Pessoa & F. Barros (2014: 129)( Orchidaceae). Several other species found in the area are distributed in northeastern Braziland restricted to humid Forests from southern Bahiaand submontane forests from Alagoasand Pernambucostates as  Rauvolfia moricandiiA. De Candolle (1844: 340)( Apocynaceae; see Koch et al. 2014),  Begonia obdeltataGregório & E.L. Jacques (2014:190)( Begoniaceae; see Gregório et al. 2014),  Aechmea gustavoiJ.A. Siqueira & Leme (2001: 147)( Bromeliaceae; see Forzza et al. 2014),  Masdevallia obscurans(Luer) Luer (1998: 112)( Orchidaceae; see Barros et al. 2014), and  Solanum anisocladumGiacomin & Stehman (2013: 97)( Solanaceae; see Giacomin et al. 2013). The species was observed flowering from November to February and fruiting from March to May.   Conservation status:—The species is currently known from remnants of submontane Atlantic Forest with the population occurring in forest fragments of ca. 360 ha. The species is categorized as endangered based on criteria “D” of the IUCN (2013)for its very small and restricted population with less than 250 mature individuals. There might be other populations in areas of submontane forests close to the typelocality, but they are not presently known.   Etymology:—The epithet “submontana” refers to the ecosystem where the species was found, the submontane Atlantic Forest.    Paratype:—  BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Mun. Lagoa dos Gatos, RPPN Pedra D´Anta, Mata do Perú, 08º41’29”S, 35º51’35”W,  600 melev.,  23 November 2011, fr.,  B. S. Amorim, D. Araújo, J. Viana& M. Chagas1296( NY, UFP). 5102913314 2011-09-20 UFP B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco holotype 5102913312 2011-09-20 CEPEC B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913308 [284,311,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 K B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913302 [321,362,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 MO B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913309 [372,417,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 NY B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913301 [427,468,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 RB B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913310 [473,508,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 SP B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913306 [513,574,1640,1661] 2011-09-20 UEC B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & E. Mendonca & A. A. M. Araujo & M. A. Chagas Brazil 675 -8.7277775 RPPN Frei Caneca, Mata do Jasmim 21 -35.838333 Jaqueira 1 210 1 Pernambuco isotype 5102913311 2011-11-23 NY, UFP B. S. Amorim & D. Araujo & J. Viana & M. Chagas Brazil 600 -8.691389 RPPN Pedra D´Anta, Mata do Peru 21 -35.859722 Mun. Lagoa dos Gatos 4 213 1 Pernambuco