Zoroaster ( Myxoderma ) sacculatus Fisher, 1905: 316 Zoroaster evermanni H.L. Clark Myxoderma sacculatum Fisher, 1919a: 392 Clark, 1923: 152 Fisher, 1928: 45 Baranova, 1957: 175 Alton, 1966: 1709 Maluf, 1988: 44 Clark & Mah, 2001: 232 Myxoderma derjungi Djakonov, 1968: 91 PHOLIDASTER SLADEN, 1889 Pholidaster Sladen, 1889: 426 Fisher, 1919a: 388 1919b: 471 Clark & Mah, 2001: 232 PHOLIDASTER SQUAMATUS SLADEN, 1889 Pholidaster squamatus Sladen, 1889: 427 Fisher, 1919b: 4 Clark, 1920: 98 Marsh, 1976: 221 Jangoux, 1981: 475 Clark & Mah, 2001: 232 Pholidaster distinctus Sladen, 1889: 429 Fisher, 1919b: 18 Clark & Mah, 2001: 232 Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): evolutionary events in deep-sea Asteroidea displaying Palaeozoic features Mah, Christopher Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007 2007-05-31 150 1 177 210 45HB8 (FISHER, 1905) Fisher 1905 [207,693,1289,1313] Asteroidea Zoroasteridae Myxoderma Animalia Forcipulatida 16 193 Echinodermata species sacculatum      Zoroaster( Myxoderma) sacculatus Fisher, 1905: 316.   Zoroaster evermanniH.L. Clark(not Fisher) 1913: 198.     Myxoderma sacculatum Fisher, 1919a: 392; H.L.  Clark, 1923: 152;  Fisher, 1928: 45, 49;  Baranova, 1957: 175;  Alton, 1966: 1709;  Maluf, 1988: 44, 125;  Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.   Myxoderma derjungiDjakonov, 1968: 91.  Occurrence: Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea to southern California. 91–2012 m.   Material examined:  Alaska.CASIZ-24100, Bowers Bank, Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, 54.00°33′N 178°44′W,  1068 m, Coll.  4.vi.1906. (dry specimen-arm fragment only) CASIZ 115903  Bering Sea 57°50.92′N 173°57.72′W,  720–750 m, Coll.  21.vi.1979. (1 wet spec.  R= 13.3 r= 2.2) Oregon. NMNH E28078, SW mouth of Columbia River, 45°44′12″N, 125°8′48″W,  1555 m, Coll.  29.v.1964. [1 wet spec.  R= ∼25.0, r= 2.1 (arms broken)] NMNHE 14760, SW mouth of Columbia River,  1372 m, coll.  9.vi.1962. [1 wet spec.  R= ∼30.0, r= 2.6 (arms broken)]. California. NMNH 32451  West of San Nicolas Island, Channel Islands, 33°24.36′N, 120°12.30′W,  1170 m, Coll.  26.iv.1911. (2 dry specs.  R= 10.6, r= 1.1,  R= 6.6, r= 0.9 cm) NMNH 3596  San Diego. 32°40.30′N, 117°31.30′W,  1504 m. Coll.  19.i.1889. [4 dry specs.  R= 8.6, r= 1.1,  R= 7.7, r= 0.9,  R= 6.1, r= 0.9,  R= 6.7, r= 1.0 (arm tips broken)] NMNHE 01149  West of San Nicolas Island, Channel Islands, 33°15′N, 119°30′W,  1983−2012 m, Coll.  13.iv.1904. (8 wet specs.  R= 4.0, r= 0.8,  R= 3.2, r= 0.7,  R= 1.7, r= 0.5;  R= 1.8, r= 0.4;  R= 1.2, r= 0.3,  R= 1.3, r= 0.3,  R= 1.2, r= 0.3,  R= 1.1, r= 0.2 cm) CASIZ 102207,  Humboldt Countyoff Trinidad Headon sandy mud,  329 m, Coll.  xii.1966. [3 dry specs.  R= 4.7, r= 0.9,  R= 4.5, r= 0.7;  R= 4.3, r= 0.8 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115927,  Farallon Islandson mud, rocks,  1280−1500 m, Coll.  12.xi.1950. [1 wet spec.  R= 18.1, r= 1.7 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115914,  Santa Barbara Channelto Santa Cruz Island  91– 366 m(1 wet spec.  R= 2.1, r= 0.4). CASIZ 117841  Off Humboldt County, 1123.0 m. Coll.  13.xi.1975. (2 dry specs.  R= 22.0, r= 1.5,  R= 17.6, r= 1.8)    PHOLIDASTER SLADEN, 1889 ( FIG. 5A–D)     Pholidaster Sladen, 1889: 426;  Fisher, 1919a: 388;  1919b: 471, 484, 485; Spencer & Wright, 1966: U75;  Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.    Typespecies:  Pholidaster squamatus Sladen, 1889(designated by Fisher, 1919a).  Diagnosis: Disc and arm plates imbricate. Disc and arms covered by flattened scales covering nearly all plates save for the carinal arm series and primary circlet on disc. Carinal plates along arms bare. Superambulacral plates reduced. Internal buttress absent. Pedicellariae absent.    PHOLIDASTER SQUAMATUS SLADEN, 1889 ( FIG. 5A–D)     Pholidaster squamatus Sladen, 1889: 427;  Fisher, 1919b: 4,18, 484; H.L.  Clark, 1920: 98;  Marsh, 1976: 221;  Jangoux, 1981: 475;  Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.     Pholidaster distinctus Sladen, 1889: 429;  Fisher, 1919b: 18;  Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.  Occurrence: Philippines, Indonesia, W and NW  Australia,  90–256 m.   Material examined:  Philippines. NMNH 40573. Masbate Passage, Baleno, MasbateIsland. 12°25′18″N, 123°37′15″ Coll.  21.iv.1908. [1 wet spec.  R= ∼7.0, r= 0.7 (arms broken, spec. partially disartculated)]  NMNH 40562. NE of Cataingan, masbate Island, SamarSea. 12°4′15″N, 124°4′36″ E(mixed stations). Coll.  20.iv.1908. [6 wet specs.  R= 5.9, r= 0.7;  R= 5.2, r= 0.7;  R= ∼5.0, r= 0.7;  R= 5.0, r= 0.7;  R= 3.7, r= 0.7;  R= 3.8, r= 0.7 (arm tips broken)]  NMNH 40215 Destacado Island, Northern Samar, Samar Sea, 12°12′35″N, 124°2′48″E,   247 m.Coll.  13.iii.1909. [7 wet specs.  R= 6.1, r= 0.8;  R= 6.1, r= 0.7;  R= 5.8, r= 0.7;  R= 6.1, r= 0.7;  R= 6.2, r= 0.7;  R= 5.6, r= 0.6;  R= 5.5, r= 0.6 (arm tips broken] NMNH E50370, BoholStrait, Bohol.   90 m.Coll.  22.xi.1979. [2 wet specs.  R= 10.0, r= 0.8;  R= 9.1, r= 0.8 (arm tips broken)] 1906-06-04 CASIZ Coll. Aleutian Islands 1068 Alaska. -178.73334 Bering Sea 16 193 CASIZ 115903 1 E28078 1979-06-21 R, NMNH, SW Oregon. 735 57.848667 Bering Sea 10 -173.962 Coll. 16 193 1 E 14760 1964-05-29 R, NMNH, SW Coll. 1555 45.736668 Columbia River 18 -125.14667 16 193 1 1962-06-09 R California. 1372 Columbia River 16 193 NMNH 32451 1 1911-04-26 R Coll. 1170 33.406 West of San Nicolas Island 12 -120.205 Channel Islands 16 193 NMNH 3596 1 E 01149 1889-01-19 R, NMNH 1504 32.671665 San Diego. 12 -117.52167 Coll. 16 193 1 1904-04-13 R Coll. 1998 33.25 West of San Nicolas Island 1206 -119.5 Channel Islands 16 193 CASIZ 102207 1 1966-12 R Trinidad and Tobago Humboldt County 329 Head Coll. 16 193 CASIZ 115927 1 1950-11-12 R Trinidad and Tobago 1390 Farallon Islands Coll. 16 193 CASIZ 115914 1 R Trinidad and Tobago 229 Santa Barbara Channel Santa Cruz Island 16 193 CASIZ 117841 1 1975-11-13 R Trinidad and Tobago Off Humboldt County Coll. 16 193 1 Australia 173 Australia 16 193 1 1908-04-21 R Philippines 12.421667 Baleno Passage 16 193 NMNH 40573 1 Masbate 1908-04-20 R Philippines 12.070833 Island 21 124.07667 17 194 NMNH 40562 1 Samar E50370 1909-03-13 1979-11-22 1909-03-13 R, NMNH Philippines 247 12.209722 Sea 21 124.04667 Destacado Island 17 194 NMNH 40215 337 Northern Samar