Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Gottschalk, Marco Silva Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 Frech-Telles & Gottschalk & Valente-Gaiesky 2024 [83,464,1379,1398] Insecta Drosophilidae Paramycodrosophila Animalia Diptera 35 36 Arthropoda species pedraseladensis sp. nov.  ( Figs. 35-38, 82F, 86A, 90C)   Material examined:  Holotypemale, labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil] – RJ [= Stateof Rio de Janeiro] – PES [= State Park] da Pedra Selada ( 22°20’0.45”S, 44°32’16.34”W) Data:  20.i.2021-  04.ii.2021 Col.: TellesMHF OBS.:Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”; “ Paramycodrosophila pedraseladensis n. sp.Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♂ Holotype” [ MZUSP].   Paratype: female labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil] – MG[= Stateof Minas Gerais] – Bocainade Minas ( 22°19’46.69”S, 44°32’31.3”W) Data:  20.i.2021-  25.i.2021 Col.: TellesMHF OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”, “ Paramycodrosophila pedraseladensis n. sp.Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♀ paratype” [ MZUSP].   Diagnosis. Flies yellow and dark brown; head with a pale-yellow face and frons pale yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow and brown anterior to anterior to dorsocentral setae; scutellum yellow; legs yellow with fore femora with basal half brown and mid femora with basal half slightly darker; wings hyaline with an apically pointy, large, black costal lappet; abdomen with yellow and brown tergites. Phallus tubular and slightly projected ventrally, in ventral view the apex of the phallus gets pointy; the phallus is micro-ornated laterally and dorsally near the phallotrema.   Description. Holotype( Figs. 35, 36, 82F, 90C). Head( Figs. 35A, C): pale with brown marks; eyes red, pubescent; face with a large prominent carina; scape light brown; pedicel light brown, apically lighter; flagellomere 1 light yellow with some slightly darker areas anteriorly and a dark spot posteriorly, compressed, elongated; arista with six dorsal and one ventral branches, and terminal fork; frons same color as face and brown; fronto-orbital plate same color as face, dark brown at the base of and p rc frorb s and posteriorly; fronto-orbital setae black; pc frorb s anterior of a rc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.03 mm, between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.08 mm, and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.09 mm; frontal vitta light brown, same color as face on the anterior first fifth; frontal triangle light brown, darker near the ocellar margin, large; ocellar triangle black, prominent; postocellar setae black, crossing near the tip; genae light yellow, anterior half dark brown; palps brown, large, curved upwards; labrum brown with lighter marks; labellum brown. Thorax( Figs. 35B, C): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow, light brown anterior to the height of anterior dorsocentral setae, dark brown between the dorsocentral rows, yellow posterior to the height of anterior dorsocentral setae; postpronotum light yellow almost white; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae, acrostichal setulae become scarce posterior of the height of the anterior dorsocentral setae except for the mid acrostichal row; anterior dorsocentral setae about 2/3 the length of posterior; scutellum yellow, slightly darker at the base of basal setae; basal scutellar setae curved inwards; apical scutellar setae, left displaced, right missing, curved inwards; pleura yellow with brown marks, one transversal continuous light yellow band above the margin; proepisternum dark brown, ventral 2/3 lighter; anepisternum brown, ventral margin yellow, some faint lighter marks throughout; anepimeron yellow with brown transversal brown band; katepisternum dark brown progressively lighter towards ventral margin, yellow at dorsal margin; meron yellow and brown; legs yellow; coxae brown with yellow marks. Wings( Fig. 35F): slightly darker above R 4+5; R 4+5and M 1parallel; halter light yellow; index: C = 1.70, ac = 3.36, hb = 0.91, 4c = 1.40, 4v = 2.32, 5x = 2.50, M = 0.85, prox. x = 0.55. Length = 2.40 mm, width = 1.11 mm. Abdomen( Figs. 35D, E): smooth transition between colors; T1 yellow laterally brown; T2 dark brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, medially with a triangle shape yellow mark pointing posteriorly; T3 dark brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, yellow spot at the anterior margin sub-laterally of the central brown area; T4 dark brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, large round yellow marks at the anterior margin sub-medially of the central brown area; T5 yellow with brown longitudinal medial band, sub-lateral brown caudal spot; T6 yellow; sternites light; intersegmental membranes light.  Terminalia( Figs. 36, 90C): epandrium with approximately equal width and length, with microtrichia, with 10 upper and one lateral setae; ventral lobes short and wide, glabrous, with two long sub-apical and two very long and thick apical setae. Cerci not fused to epandrium, with microtrichia, and with large setae, hypoproctal plate present, ventral cecal lobe present. Subepandrial sclerite wide and sclerotinized. Surstylus connected to the epandrium, with thick prensisetae arranged in a line; and around four outer setae.Hypandrium longer than wide, longer than epandrium. Pregonites fused laterally to the hypandrium. Postgonites thick and straight. Phallotrema is oval-shaped. Phallapodeme is slightly shorter than the phallus, slightly curved ventrally. Body length: 2.38mm.   Paratyperemarks: female ( Figs. 37, 38, 86A): distance between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.10 mm, and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.11 mm; arista with five dorsal branches; face with small medial darker spot near ventral margin; apical scutellar setae are convergent and crossing; wing index: C = 1.71, ac = 4.00, hb = 1.02, 4c = 1.56, 4v = 2.67, 5x = 2.35, M = 0.87, prox. x = 0.52. Length = 2.63 mm, width = 1.19 mm. Abdomen: T5 with larger and triangular shaped medial mark; T6 yellow with five marks at posterior margin, two laterally, two sub-laterally and one narrow longitudinal mark medially; T7 yellow. S7 with a row of four setulae at each side.  Terminalia: T8 with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt valve, sclerotinized, long, squarish at the tip in lateral view; five peg-like ovisensilla on the posterior margin, horizontal row of four peg-like ovisensilla on the apical ventral margin, around six tiny pegs on the outer ventral margin. Body length: 2.80 mm.   Etymology. Named in reference to Pedra Selada State Park, where the holotypewas collected. 2021-01-20 2021-02-04 2021-01-20 MZUSP Col. & Telles Brazil -22.33346 State Park 1 -44.537872 State 35 36 2 1 Rio de Janeiro holotype 2021-01-20 2021-01-25 2021-01-20 MG, MZUSP Col. & Telles Brazil -22.329638 State 1 -44.542027 35 36 2 1 Minas Gerais paratype