Wissadula oligomera Chod. (1901: 400) Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. genuina Hochr. (1902: 28) Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. genuina Hochr. f. parvifolia Chodat & Hassl. (1905: 289) Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. hernandioides Hochr. f. transiens Hassl. (1909: 82) Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil Bovini, Massimo G. Baumgratz, José Fernando A. Phytotaxa 2016 2016-01-14 243 3 201 234 5C2G7 Chod. (1901: 400) Chod. 400 1901 [177,689,1346,1373] Magnoliopsida Malvaceae Wissadula Plantae Malvales 25 226 Tracheophyta species paraguariensis    Wissadula oligomeraChod. (1901: 400). Type:— PARAGUAY. In dumetis Espinillar de Carapegua, October, E. Hassler 1217( holotype: G).   Wissadula periplocifoliaPresl. var. genuinaHochr. (1902: 28). Type:— PARAGUAY. In dumetis insulae Chaco-y pr. Concepcion, October, E. Hassler 7579( holotype: G).   Wissadula periplocifoliaPresl. var. genuinaHochr. f. parvifoliaChodat & Hassl. (1905: 289). Type:— PARAGUAY. In regione cursus superioris fluminis Apa, December, E. Hassler 8259( holotype: G).   Wissadula periplocifoliaPresl. var. hernandioidesHochr. f. transiensHassl. (1909: 82). Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. In regione cursus inferioris fluminis Pilcomayo, December, T. Rojas 351( holotype: G!, RB, photo!).  Subshrubs to shrubs 0.5–2 mtall, erects. Branches puberulous, trichomes whitish, multiradiate and multiradiate-stipitate, caducous. Stipules 0.6–0.7 cmlong., lanceolate, free, caducous, pannose, trichomes multiradiate-stipitate. Leaves with petiole 0.5–3.5 cmlong, panose, trichomes hyaline to ferrugineous, multiradiate-stipitate; lamina 2.5–9.5 × 1.5–5 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, deltoid to slightly cordiform, base truncate, sometimes cordate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronate, margin entire to slightly sinuose; adaxial surface puberulous, trichomes whitish, fasciculate, multiradiate, and rarely simple; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, multiradiate-stipitate, longer than the trichomes of abaxial surface. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-racemes, 26–30 cmlong; accessory axis rarely reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1.5–2 cmlong, pubescent, trichomes glandular and multiradiate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 9–10 mmlong, indumentum and trichomes similar to those of the anthopodium; calyx 5–6 mmlong, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes glandular and multiradiate-stipitate, abaxial surface hirtellous, trichomes simple long; corolla 0.8–0.9 cmdiam, yellow, with dark purple center; staminal column with rare trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion os filaments ca. 3 mmlong, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mmlong. Schizocarp 1.3–1.4 cmdiam, 4–5 mericarps, 10–11 × 5–6 mm, spines ca. 1.5 mmlong, constriction conspicuous, pubescent, shiny, trichomes fasciculate and multiradiate, frequently at the union between the carpel and in the distal region os mericarps; seeds 3, ca. 3 mmlong, hilum pubescent, trichomes simple ( Figs. 7j–l).   Representative Specimens Examined—   BRAZIL. Tocantins: Conceição do Tocantins,  11 May 2000, fl., fr.,  G. Hatschbachet al. 71908( MBM).   Bahia: Jacobina,  04 April 1967, fl., fr.,  A. Krapovickas12846and 12847( CTES).   Mato Grosso: Cáceres,  August 1980, fl.fr.,  L. Rossi& I. Cordeiros.n.( CTES 110135, SPF);  Paconé,  28 January 1989, fl., fr.,  A. Krapovickas43106 & C. L. Cristóbal( CTES, MBM); “viveiros, org.”,  19 March 1945, fl., fr., F. Guerras.n.( RB 55435).   Mato Grosso do Sul:arredores,  15 March 2004, fl., fr.,  G. Hatschbachet al. 77168( CTES, MBM);  Miranda,  05 June 1973, fl., fr.,  J. S. Silva63( SP);  Porto Murtinho,  23 May 2002, fl., fr.,  G. Hatschbachet al. 73326( MBM).   Etymology—The epithet  paraguariensisis a tribute to the country where the typespecimen was collected: Paraguay.   Distribution—It is found in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the States of Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Bahia.   Notes— Wissadula paraguariensisis distinguished by its leaves with obtuse apex and frequently truncate base, schizocarps with 4–5 mericarps, and shiny appearance of the schizocarp by the presence of fasciculate and multiradiate trichomes at the junction of the carpels and on the distal region of the mericarps. It resembles  W. periplocifoliain the shape of its leaves. Although Fries (1908)examined the typespecimen of  W. periplocifoliavar. hernandioidesf. transiens( Rojas 351), he did not include it in the list of synonyms of  W. paraguariensis.Did Fries consider it as a difference species? Because its leaf shape and the typeof fruit indumentum are insufficient evidence to consider it as a distinct species, we s included this name a synonym of  W. paraguariensis. [481,689,1348,1373] 1874-05 B. Balansa Paraguay Type L'Assumption 25 226 2 holotype 2000-05-11 MBM G. Hatschbach Brazil Conceicao do Tocantins 26 227 1 Tocantins [522,1448,484,509] 1967-04-04 CTES A. Krapovickas Brazil Jacobina 26 227 1 Bahia [136,1157,520,545] 1980-08 SPF L. Rossi & I. Cordeiro Brazil Caceres 26 227 CTES 110135 1 Mato Grosso 1989-01-28 CTES, MBM A. Krapovickas & C. L. Cristobal Brazil Pacone 26 227 1 Mato Grosso 1945-03-19 RB Guerra Brazil 26 227 RB 55435 1 Mato Grosso [329,1447,592,617] 2004-03-15 CTES, MBM G. Hatschbach Brazil Mato Grosso do Sul 26 227 1 Mato Grosso do Sul [136,697,628,653] 1973-06-05 SP J.F. Smith Brazil Miranda 26 227 1 Mato Grosso do Sul 2002-05-23 MBM G. Hatschbach Brazil Porto Murtinho 26 227 1 Mato Grosso do Sul