The Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) of the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain, North Africa): a preliminary faunistic account Monasterio, Yeray Ruiz, José L. Escobés, Ruth García, Antonio Iglesias, Arturo López, Mar Pérez, Rafael Farino, Teresa Vergara, Enrique Arquivos Entomolóxicos 2025 2025-04-06 32 241 290 (Hubner, [1804]) Hubner 1804 [144,556,218,244] Insecta Lycaenidae Satyrium Animalia Lepidoptera 34 275 Arthropoda species esculi   Comment: First records for Ceuta, based on observations from 17 localities within 9 1× 1 kmUTM squares. The species has a flight period primarily from May to June, with additional observations in September. It is usually associated with formations or small stands of  Q. suber. Adults have been observed nectaring on  S. atropurpurea,  D. carota,  T. caeruleum,  R. ulmifolius,  L. stoechas,  C. crispus,  D. gerardi,  P. spinosa, and  Diplotaxissp.The most likely larval host plant in Ceutais  Q. suber, as adults have frequently been seen flying and perching around it. Notably,  S. esculihas been reported as a defoliator of cork oak (  Q. suber) in southern Iberia( Robles et al., 2020) and is closely associated with other  Quercusspeciesacross its range ( García-Barros et al., 2013). Northern African populations, including the one in Ceuta, belong to the subspecies  S. esculi mauretanica(Staudinger, 1892)( Rungs, 1981; Tennent, 1996; Tarrier & Delacre, 2008; Leraut, 2016; Tarrier, 2025c).