Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 Taeniotes Audinet-Serville, Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941 Hammoderus Hammoderus Thomson, 1856 Four new species, taxonomic, and nomenclatural notes in Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) Botero, Juan Pablo Santos-Silva, Antonio Zootaxa 2017 4231 3 377 397 6R9B Dillon & Dillon, 1941 Dillon & Dillon 1941 [197,653,1049,1075] Insecta Cerambycidae Plagiohammus Animalia Coleoptera 1 378 Arthropoda genus   Thomson (1857)considered  Hammoderus Thomson, 1856as a subgenus of  Taeniotes. According to him: “ L’Hammoderus  BuquetiiThomson(Ann. Soc. Ent. 3e série 1856, vol. IV, p. 329, pl. 8, fig. 1), doit rentrer dans le genre  Taeniotes, parmi les espèces de la première division, dont les élytres sont arrondies à l’extrémité”. Thus, Thomson (1857)defined the subgenus  Taeniotes( Hammoderus)as having the elytral apex without spine, and included two species in this subgenus:  T.( H.) buquetiiand  T.( H.) inermis.  Thomson (1859)considered  Hammoderusas a genus distinct from  Taeniotes: “Le  Taeniotes inermis, Thomson( Arch. Ent., I, 1857, p. 173), n’appartient probablement pas au genre actuel [  Taeniotes], son dernier segment abdominal n’étant pas épineux; cette espèce peut être rapportée avec doute au G.  Hammoderus, Dej., Cat., 3e édit., p. 367.” Although he had considered  Hammoderusas a distinct genus, it is evident that he was referring to  Hammoderus sensu Thomson (1856)for the inclusion of  H. buquetii.   Thomson (1860)formally differentiated  Hammoderusfrom  Taeniotes, attributing the first one to Dejean (1837). Four species were included,  H. inermis( Fig. 33) and three others described in the same work:  H. lacordairei( Fig. 32);  H. sallei( Fig. 34) and  H. spinipennis( Fig. 25). However, contrary to Thomson’s judgment, and according to Bousquet & Bouchard (2013): “   Hammoderus Dejean, 1835: 341. Originally included available species: none.” Thus,  Hammoderuscannot be attributed to Dejean (1835)and the actual author of this name is Thomson (1860). Agassiz (1846)replaced  Hammoderus Dejean (1835)as  Hammatoderus. However, as seen before,  Hammoderusis an unavailable name in Dejean (1835). Consequently,  HammatoderusAgassiz, 1847is also an unavailable name, because it is a replacement name for another unavailable name, without inclusion of species. Thomson (1864)designated the typespecies of  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860:  H. lacordairei Thomson, 1860(“  HammoderusThomson. Ess.Class. Céramb. p. 98. Type:  H. LacordaireiThomsonl. c. Mexique.”). So, two distinct generic taxa were described with the same name by Thomson in 1856 and 1860–  Hammoderus Thomson, 1856and  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860– and, thus, these names are homonyms. The type species of  Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, is now placed in  Taeniotes; hence,  Hammoderus Thomson, 1856is a junior synonym of  Taeniotes.  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860, in turn, is a junior homonym of  Hammoderus Thomson, 1856and, consequently, it is considered as permanently invalid by the ICZN (1999, Articles 52.2 and 60.1). Thus, no taxon can be named using this name and one of its junior synonym must be used instead. According to Gemminger & Harold (1873): “  Hammatoderus. άΜΜα, nodus; δέρη, collum. Thomson. Classif. Longic. 1860. p. 98. ( emend.)  HammoderusThoms.” Seven species were included:  H. elatus Bates, 1872;  H. impluviatusLacordaire, 1869;  H. inermis;  H. lacordairei;  H. rubefactus Bates, 1872;  H. sallei;  H. spinipennis.  Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873is an unjustified emendation. Thus, according to the ICZN (1999): “33.2. Emendations.Any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than a mandatory change is an "emendation"”; and, “33.2.3. Any other emendation is an "unjustified emendation"; the name thus emended is available and it has its own author and date and is a junior objective synonym of the name in its original spelling; it enters into homonymy and can be used as a substitute name.” Also according to the ICZN (1999): “67.8. Type species of nominal genus-group taxa denoted by new replacement names (nomina nova).If an author publishes a new genus-group name expressly as a new replacement name (nomen novum) for a previously established name, or replaces a previously established genus-group name by an unjustified emendation [Art. 33.2.3], both the prior nominal taxon and its replacement have the same type species, and type fixation for either applies also to the other, despite any statement to the contrary.” Thus, the type species of  Hammatoderusis the same of  Hammoderus Thomson (1860):  Hammoderus lacordairei.  Dillon & Dillon (1941)established  Plagiohammusas a replacement name for  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860: “Thomson in his description of  Hammoderusin the second sense (1860), included  lacordairei,  sallei,  inermisand  spinipennis. Of these  spinipennisis the form most frequently encountered, and is selected as the genotype. In his first use of the generic name  Hammoderus, he described  buquetiiwith it, which species is now in  Taeniotesunder  T. luciani.” However, as seen above,  Hammatoderuswas an older available name to replace  Hammoderus Thomson, 1857. Hence,  Plagiohammusis a junior synonymy of  Hammatoderus. Article 23.9 ( ICZN 1999) cannot be used to maintain  Plagiohammusbecause the Article 23.9.1.2 is not applicable. In summary:    Hammoderus Thomson, 1856, invalid name by being a junior subjective synonym of  TaeniotesAudinet-Serville, 1835   Type species—  Hammoderus buquetii, by original monotypy (=  Taeniotes luciani Thomson, 1859).  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860; senior objective synonym of  Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873and    Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; and permanently invalid by being a junior homonym of  Hammoderus  Thomson, 1856.   Type species—  Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860(designated by Thomson, 1864)  Hammatoderus Gemminger & Harold, 1873; valid name: replacement name for  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860(non    Hammoderus Thomson, 1856).   Type species—  Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860(designated by Thomson, 1864).  Plagiohammus Dillon & Dillon, 1941; proposed as an unnecessary replacement name for  Hammoderus Thomson, 1860  Type species—  Hammoderus lacordairei Thomson, 1860, not  Hammatoderus spinipennisas proposed by  Dillon & Dillon (1941)(see article 67.8 of the ICZN, 1999) 1434499437 Mexico Mexique 1 378 2 holotype