Sida ramosa Cav. Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 501. 1831 Abutilon sidoides Dalzell & A.Gibson Abutilon elaeocarpoides Webb The Genus Abutilon (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) in India: A Taxonomic Revision and Insights from Micromorphology of Seeds Nimbalkar, Varsha Vilasrao Sardesai, Milind Madhav Systematic Botany 2025 Basel, Switzerland 2025-01-06 49 4 708 742 64B3W (Cav.) Guill. & Perr. Guill. & Perr. Cav. [866,1276,1824,1846] Magnoliopsida Malvaceae Abutilon Plantae Malvales 20 728 Tracheophyta species ramosum     Sida ramosaCav.in Diss. 1: 28 (t. 6, Fig. 1). 1785.     Abutilon ramosum(Cav.) G.Donin Gen. Hist. 1: 501. 1831. Isonym.     TYPE:   SENEGAL,  Adansons.n.[ lectotypedesignated here: MA, MA476281[photo]! http://161.111.171. 57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00476281].     Abutilon sidoidesDalzell & A.Gibsonin Bombay Fl. 18 (1861). TYPE:  INDIA. Cambay, Dalzell s.n.[ lectotypedesignated here: K, K000659529 [photo]! http://specimens.kew.org/ herbarium/K000659529].    Abutilon elaeocarpoidesWebbin Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.– Aegypt. 53. 1854. TYPE: NUBIA, ad pagam Cordofanum Milbes, Kotschy 278( lectotype: designated by Fryxell 2002, P).  Shrubs, 1–3 tall. Stembrown, pubescent with minute stellate and simple hairs. Leaflamina 8–15 ˟ 3–8 cm, young leaves triangular, mature ones ovate or cordate, trilobed, pale green beneath, adaxially and abaxially pubescent with stellate and simple hairs, apex acute to shortly acuminate, lobes acute, margin serrate or sharply dentate, 7-nerved. Petioles 8–12 cmlong. Stipule 8–10 mmlong, linear, apex long acuminate. Flowers3–5 on axillary, solitary cyme; peduncle 2.5–4 cmlong; flowering pedicel 1–1.3 cm, joined 2–3 below mm the flower; fruiting pedicel 1.5–2 cmlong, articulated 4–5 mmbelow the fruit. Calyx campanulate, 1 cmacross, divided at the middle, lobes ovate, 6–7 mmlong, apex acute to short acuminate. Corolla 1–1.5 cmacross, yellow; petals 5–8 ˟ 4–6 mm, broadly obovate, apex truncate or slightly unequal, sparse distribution of glandular trichomes on dorsal side, sometime absent. Staminal column 1.7–2 mm, base bulbous, glabrous, tube 1–1.3 mm, stellate pubescent, filaments 3–4 mm, glabrous. Ovary 2 ˟ 2 mm, (6–)8–10-loculed, cylindrical, indented, stigma capitate. Capsule8–10 ˟ 8 mm, cylindrical, indented at apex with reflexed awn of locules. Locules 8–10, 8–9 ˟ 4.5 mm, dorsally straight, base rounded, abruptly tapering from middle, apex curved outside, awns 2–3 mm, reflexed; 2–3-seeded. Seeds 1.5–1.8 ˟ 1.5–1.8 mm, triangular, warted, glabrous throughout, brown; hilum glabrous. Figures 14F–J, 15H–N.    Distribution and Habitat— Abutilon ramosumis distributed in tropical Africa, Pakistan, and India. In India, the species is recorded from Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu( Fig. 16). It usually prefers shady locations. Though it is reported from many places in the country, its occurrence is not as common as the weedy species of  Abutilon,such as  A. indicum,  A. hirtum, and  A. pannosum,which commonly grow on roadsides, waste places, and farms.   Etymology—The specific epithet  ramosumrefers to the branched habit of the plant (branched habit is common throughout the genus).   Phenology—Flowering starts from July to September, while fruiting occurs from September to October. Flowers usually open after 8 AM.   Notes—The combination ‘  Abutilonramosum’was published by Guillemin et al. ( April 1831) and Don ( August 1831; Don 1831) with the citation of ‘  Sida ramosaCav.’ as a basionym. According to Fryxell (2002), the former combination ( Guillemin et al. 1831) is invalid, and the latter should be considered valid since Guillemin et al. (1831)have cited an illustration “Diss 1: 34, tab.9, fig. 2” which relates to  Sida obtusaCav.; and Don has cited the correct illustration “Diss1: 28, tab.6, fig. 1” connected to the name ‘  Sida ramosaCav.’ However, in the present study, the citation of “p. 34, t. 9, f. 2” by Guillemin et al. (1831)is treated as a bibliographic error for “p. 28, t. 6, f. 1” by giving the benefit of the doubt and considering their citation of the correct basionym. Therefore,  Abutilon ramosum(Cav.) Guill. & Perr. (1831)is treated here as a valid combination. A specimen (MA476281) referred by Cavanille by the name  Sida ramosa( =  Abutilon ramosum) is kept at MA under the section ‘Cavanillesii typi’ (labeled the same on the sheet). This confirms it as the original material, which exhibits characteristic fruit morphology given in the description of  S. ramosaand hence is selected as lectotype. The name  Abutilon sidoidesDalzell & A.Gibsonis published by Dalzell and Gibson (1861)in their flora of Bombay (the area concerned for this study was Bombay Presidency, a province) based on specimens collected from Cambay (Khambat, included in the then Bombay Presidency, now in Gujarat). In an attempt to search Dalzell’ s collection from Bombay, a specimen of  A. sidoides(K000659529) bearing a note ‘ BOMBAYherbarium of late N. A. Dalzell, presented by Mrs. Dalzell, April 1878’ was found at K. Further, the specimen (K000659529) perfectly matches with the description given in the protologue of the name and is hence selected as the lectotypehere.   Representative Specimens—   India.—  GUJARAT: KutchDt., Gundala,  3 Apr 1994. s.c. 12060( BSJO).  Palanpur Dt., Dattiwara forest,  24 Dec 1977,  V. Singh 5379( BSJO).  PanchmahalDt., Pavagad,  25 Sep 2015, VVN 558( BAMU, SPPU). —   HARYANA: Sonipat Dt., Murthal,  12 Dec 1963,  V. J. Nair29737( BSD). —   HIMACHAL PRADESH: Kangara Dt., Pong Dam,  22 Apr 1972,  O. P. Mishra47170( BSD). —   MAHARASHTRA: Pune Dt., Junnar,  15 Jun 2003,  S. B. Nagarkars. n.( AHMA);  Junnar,  3 Sep 2016,  VVN&  MMS 570( BAMU, SPPU). —   TAMIL NADU: Nigiri Dt., Mamaram,  1250m,  3 Feb 1972,  E. Vajravelu39736( MH). —   PUNJAB: Hoshiarpur Dt., Garhi Mansowal,  23 Sep 1979,  P. Daniel67619( BSD);  Jaijon,  24 Sep 1970,  O. P. Mishra38246( BSD);  Talwara,  6 Nov 2000,  S. K. Srivastava96189( BSD).  KarnalDt., Karnal,  15 Oct 1962,  N. C. Nair 24608.  SonipatDt., Murthal,  12 Dec 1963,  V. J. Nair 29737( BSD). —   RAJASTHAN: Alwar Dt., Sariska Tiger Reserve, Konkwari forestblock,  23 Oct 1983,  P. J. Parmar8772( BSJO);  Banswara Dt., Bodigana,  15 Jan 1969, s.c. 51155( BSI);  Barmer Dt., Haldeshwar Mahadev R. F.  14 Nov 1981,  R. P. Pandey7969( BSJO); way to Kundal,  19 Nov 1981,  R. P. Pandey8030( BSJO);  JalorDt., Sunda hills, Jaswantpura,  26 Sep 1998,  B. V. Shetty 6742( BSJO);  PaliDt., Way to Paras Ram R.F.,  3250ft.,  25 Dec 1985,  R. P. Pandey 19404( BSJO);  SikarDt., Dariba, Nim ka Thana,  19 Sep 1992,  P. J. Parmar 10523( BSJO).  SirohiDt., Erinpura, Near Jawai,  2 Oct 1960,   Rolla Sheshagiri Rao 66819( BSI)  UdaypurDt., Jaisamand, Harikinal,  30 Sep 1962, coll. not readable 82249( BSI);  Bagdara forest,  4 Oct 1962, s.c. 82320( BSI). Udaypur Dt., Udaypurcity,  24 Sep 2015,  VVN 554( BAMU, SPPU). —  UTTAR PRADESH: Jhansi Dt., Jhansi Fort, 8 Mar 1959, T. A. Rao 8314(BSD). Mahoba Dt., Mahoba, 31 Mar 1962, U. C. Bhattacharya 20987(BSD). 5178269351 MA Adanson Senegal SENEGAL 20 728 MA476281 1 lectotype 5178269417 1994-04-03 2015-09-25 1977-12-24 BSJO India Palanpur Dt. Gundala Kutch 23 731 VVN 558 1 GUJARAT 5178269369 1977-12-24 2015-09-25 1977-12-24 BSJO V. Singh India Palanpur Dt. Dattiwara forest Palanpur Dt. 23 731 VVN 558 1 Gujarat 5178269345 2015-09-25 2015-09-25 1977-12-24 BAMU, SPPU India Palanpur Dt. Pavagad Panchmahal 23 731 VVN 558 1 Gujarat 5178269409 1963-12-12 V, J, BSD Sonipat Dt. & Murthal India Nair 23 731 1 Haryana 5178269313 1972-04-22 O, P, BSD Kangara Dt. & Pong Dam India Mishra 23 731 1 Himachal Pradesh 5178269305 2003-06-15 S, B, AHMA Pune Dt. & Junnar India Nagarkar 23 731 1 Maharashtra 5178269330 2016-09-03 VVN, BAMU, SPPU Junnar India 23 731 MMS 570 1 Maharashtra 5178269334 1972-02-03 E, MH Nigiri Dt. & Mamaram India 1250 Vajravelu 23 731 1 Tamil Nadu 5178269405 1979-09-23 P, BSD Hoshiarpur Dt. & Garhi Mansowal India Daniel 23 731 1 PUNJAB 5178269368 1970-09-24 O, P, BSD Jaijon India Mishra 23 731 1 PUNJAB 5178269377 [909,1346,1686,1704] 2000-11-06 2000-11-06 1962-10-15 BSD S. K. Srivastava India Talwara Nair 23 731 1 PUNJAB 5178269382 1962-10-15 2000-11-06 1962-10-15 S, K, BSD, N, C, V, J N. C. Nair India Karnal Karnal 23 731 1 PUNJAB 5178269352 1963-12-12 2000-11-06 1962-10-15 BSD V. J. Nair India Murthal Sonipat 23 731 1 PUNJAB 5178269427 1983-10-23 P, J, BSJO Alwar Dt. India Sariska Tiger Reserve Parmar Konkwari forest 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269335 1969-01-15 BSI Banswara Dt. & Bodigana India 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269327 1981-11-14 R, F, P, BSJO Barmer Dt. & Haldeshwar Mahadev India Pandey 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269435 1981-11-19 R, P, BSJO Kundal India Pandey 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269314 1998-09-26 BSJO Jaswantpura & B. V. Shetty India Sunda hills Jalor 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269400 1985-12-25 BSJO R. P. Pandey India 991 Way to Paras Ram R. F. Pali 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269347 1992-09-19 1992-09-19 1960-10-02 BSJO P. J. Parmar India Dariba, Nim ka Thana Sikar 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269375 1960-10-02 1992-09-19 1960-10-02 BSI Rolla Sheshagiri Rao India Erinpura, Near Jawai Sirohi 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269424 1962-09-30 1992-09-19 1960-10-02 BSI India Jaisamand, Harikinal Udaypur 23 731 1 Rajasthan 5178269381 1962-10-04 2015-09-24 1962-10-04 BSI, BAMU, SPPU Udaypur Dt. & Udaypur India Bagdara forest 23 731 VVN 554 1 Rajasthan