S. riparia Kunth (1818: 300) S. obscura Bentham (1833: 245) Salvia misella (Lamiaceae) - A new record for Asia from the southern Western Ghats of India Sunojkumar, Purayidathkandy Pradeep, Ayilliath Kuttiyeri Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-13 230 3 281 286 79H2F Kunth (1818: 290) Kunth 290 1818 [136,516,1526,1551] Magnoliopsida Lamiaceae Salvia Plantae Lamiales 0 281 Tracheophyta species misella  Type:—  MEXICO,  Humboldt& Bonplands.n. ( holotype P! [sheet no. P00670423];  isotype P! [sheet no. P00136263]). Fig. 1, 2  =  S. riparia Kunth (1818: 300). Type:— PERU, Humboldt & Bonpland 3530( holotypeP! [sheet no. P00670440]). =  S. obscura Bentham (1833: 245). Type:— JAMAICA, Distin( holotypeK! [sheet no. K000479224]).  Annual or biennial herb, erect or ascending, 30–90 cmtall; stem acutely quadrangular, sulcate, slightly bulging above nodes, often rooting below, small dark brown spots all over and denser near nodes, profusely branching, minutely gland dotted, covered with hispidulous or pilose hairs up to 1 mmlong. Leaves membranaceous, broadly ovate or rhombicovate, 2.5–6.5 × 1–4 cm, acute, margin serrate, base broad, abruptly contracted and decurrent upon the length of petiole, dull green, densely hispid on both sides with 1 mmlong hairs, dense on lower veins; petiole not well demarkated. Inflorescence simple, terminal, racemes 10–20 cm. long, with 8–12 interrupted verticils of 2–3 flowers, peduncle 2–7 cmlong, densely covered with glandular hairs throughout. Bracts persistent, broadly ovate, tip blunt with a point, margin entire, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous inside, glandular-pilose outside; flowers with 1–1.5 mmlong pedicel, up to 3 mmlong in fruits. Calyx campanulate, 4.5–5 mmlong at anthesis, 6–6.5 mmin fruits, clothed with dense, 0.5 mmlong gland tipped sticky hairs all over, and yellow punctiform glands dispersed on the surface, longitudinaly 10–12 veined, lips shortly cleft; posterior lip 2.5 mmbroad, broadly ovate to truncate, middle cuspidate with a rostrate beak, sides declined to conceal throat in fruits; anterior lip 2-lobed, each lobe with single 1 mmlong teeth, rostrate. Corolla blue, white towards base 8–8.5 mmlong; posterior lip concave, 2.5–3 mmlong, 0.75–1 mmwide, short glandularcapitate hairs along the ventral margins; anterior lip 4.5–5.5 mmlong, trilobed, middle lobe 4–4.5 mmwide at free end, emarginated, lateral lobes 0.75–1 mmwide; tube 3–3.5 mmlong, 1.5–2 mmwide. Stamens scarcely 0.5–1 mmlong, exerted beyond or included in corolla tube, articulated on a ca. 1.5–1.8 mmlong filament, connectives produced, upper arm 1.5–1.7 mmlong, geniculate, bearing 1–1.2 mmlong anthers at end, lower arm 1.9–2.1 mmlong, bearing rounded tooth at lower end, connectives adnate towards lower half and pubescent with short, violet hairs. Style 5–5.2 mmlong, glabrous, included; stigma bilobed, the upper branch 0.5–0.6 mm, ovate, tip acuminate, arcuate, lower branch 0.2–0.3mmlong, 0.4–0.5 mmwide. Ovules ca. 0.75 mmlong, gynobase horn ca. 1 mmtall. Mericarp oblong, 1.5–1.6mmlong, ± 1 mmwide, smooth, grey, with dark streaks, mucilaginous when wet.   Distribution:—This species has been reported previously from Central America ( Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela, West Indies), Australia( Queenslandand Northern Territory), Papua New Guineaand Central Africa ( Burundi, Congo, Rwanda) ( Randall 2002, GBIF 2015, Tropicos.org 2015). Now, it is also know along southern Western Ghats of India( Fig. 3, 4).   Ecology, habitat and phenology:—  Salvia misellais interpreted as a weedy species in tropical America ( Williams 1972). Richardson and Keng (2010)mentioned that it spreads well in watered gardens in south Texas and is becoming a pest there. The Discover Nature Research team of The James Cook University, Australiahas listed Silena as a weed in their official website. In southern Western Ghats, this species is often found growing along several other herbs such as  Ageratum conyzoidesL.,  Chromolaena odorata(L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.,  Vernonia cinerea(L.) Less.,  Mimosa pudicaL. and grasses such as  Chloris barbataSw.,  Sporobolus indicus(L.) R.Br. var. diander(Retz.) Jovet & Guédèsand  Eragrostis atrovirens(Desf.) Trin. ex Steud.The newly discovered populations grow at moderate elevations ( 800–1200 m) on open sandy soils in southern part of Western Ghats in southern India. Flowering and fruiting from November to March.   Specimens Examined:—  INDIA. Kerala: Idukki district, Kattappana, 9°45.1072´N, 77°6.7238´E,  15 November 2014,  P. SunojkumarCU 88177( CALI!);  Santhanpara, 9°47.203´N, 77°9.483´E,  16 November 2014,  P. SunojkumarCU 88179( CALI!). 5103881303 [616,1441,1526,1551] P Humboldt & Bonpland Mexico 0 281 P00670423 1 holotype 5103881302 [136,522,1562,1587] P Humboldt & Bonpland Mexico 0 281 P00136263 1 isotype 5103881304 2014-11-15 CALI P. Sunojkumar India 9.751786 Kattappana 1 77.11206 Idukki district 3 284 1 Kerala 5103881301 2014-11-16 CALI P. Sunojkumar India 9.786716 Santhanpara 1 77.15805 3 284 1