The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome Denk, Thomas Sami, Marco Teodoridis, Vasilis Martinetto, Edoardo Fossil Imprint 2022 2022-08-26 78 1 217 262 6XDMG [117,325,248,272] Magnoliopsida Salicaceae Salix true Plantae Malpighiales 23 240 Tracheophyta species viminalis  M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 801, 803. D e s c r i p t i o n. Leaf, simple, petiolate, lamina lanceolate,> 65 mmlong, 5–11 mmwide, base and apex narrow acute, secondary venation brochidodromous, secondary veins departing from primary vein at steep angles, 0–2 intersecondary veins between two consecutive secondary veins. R e m a r k s. Determination of  Salixspp.based on leaf morphology is difficult because extant species frequently hybridise with other species, and the same can be expected for Pleistocene taxa. The leaves from Oriolo most probably belong to either  S. viminalisor  S. eleagnos. Pure  S. eleagnosusually has narrower leaves with the leaf base tapering into the petiole, but various hybrids with other species match the fossil leaves.  Salix viminalisis a typical element of riparian scrub (together with  S. triandraL., see below), whereas  S. eleagnosmay be a riparian element or part of xeric alluvial vegetation ( Ellenberg 1996, Schratt-Ehrendorfer 2000).