Homalium brevipedunculatum Scott-Elliot in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 21. 1891. Revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Eumyriantheia Warb. (Salicaceae) Wendy L. Applequist Candollea 2016 2016-03-14 71 1 33 60 3MCHL Scott-Elliot Scott-Elliot [852,1310,1085,1109] Magnoliopsida Salicaceae Homalium Plantae Malpighiales 4 37 Tracheophyta species brevipedunculatum     Typus: Madagascar. Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin,  V.18??, post-fl.,  Scott Elliot2600( holo-: K[ K000231468] image seen;  iso-: P[ P00375087]!).   Treeto 20 mtall, 35 cmdbh; large twigs dark gray to gray or dark brown; young twigs grayish to pale brown, glabrous (to sparsely or partially pubescent); stipules narrowly lanceolate or linear, 1.7-2 mm, pubescent. Leavessubopposite to alternate especially proximally; petiole 3-12(-17) mm, glabrous or sparsely (to moderately) pubescent when young; blade obovate (narrowly or broadly obovate, elliptical), (3.7-)5.1-11 × 2.1- 5.8(-6.5) cm; base convex (cuneate, rounded); apex rounded to emarginate; margins usually somewhat revolute, occasionally minutely toothed then with 1-5 glands toward base of leaf, rarely more; abaxial surface sparsely pubescent on midrib (and blade), drying brown; adaxial surface glabrous, drying brown (green). Inflorescencesracemose, lateral, sometimes mostly confined to distalmost portion of twigs, 1.5-4(-5.3) cm, densely (to moderately) short-pubescent; peduncle 0.3-0.8 cm, sturdy; pedicel 1-2(-4) mm, densely pubescent; bracts broadly ovate (ovate), (1.4-) 2-3.8 mm, densely pubescent; bracteoles ovate, sometimes apparently absent, 1.5-2.5 mm, densely pubescent. Flowers:sepals (4-)5(-6), greenish-beige to whitish or yellowish, narrowly oblong (oblong-elliptical, oblanceolate) with acute apex, 4.5-7.5 mm, abaxial surface densely to moderately pubescent (to sericeous), often slightly keeled at apex; calyx cup funnelform (becoming cylindrical), densely to moderately pubescent (to sericeous); sepal glands yellow, conspicuously elevated, 0.9-1.3 × 0.9-1.3 mm, the upper surface glabrous and wrinkled, with pubescence underneath on abaxial surface; petals greenish-white to white or yellowish-white, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate with a narrow base, acute to obtuse or rounded apex, 4.5-8.5 × 1.8-3.2 mm, slightly longer than or about equal to sepals, abaxial surface densely pubescent and often shallowly keeled, adaxial surface glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent; filaments white to yellowish, 2.4-3.8 mm, glabrous; anthers yellow, 0.3-0.4 mm; ovary short-conical, long-pubescent to pilose; styles 3(-4), dark reddish green, 1.5-3.5 mm, basally long-pubescent. Seedsprobably 1 per fruit; mature seeds not seen.   Vernacular names. –“Maranikoditra” (Faliniaina et al. 37, Ramison et al. 139);“Rohandriana” (Service Forestier 6610, 7851).   Distribution, ecology and conservation status. – Homalium brevipedunculatumis native to littoral and low-elevation humid forests of southeastern Madagascar; it is reported primarily on sand, but occasionally on laterite. Fewer than ten distinct locations are known, most close to Fort-Dauphin; though these include some protected land, the remainder of its range is subject to ongoing forest loss, justifying a preliminary conservation status assessment of “Vulnerable” [VU B2ab(iii)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.   Notes. – Homalium brevipedunculatummost closely resembes, and co-occurs in part of its range with  H. nobile; the latter species has sometimes very large leaves, (5.5-)6.5-18 × (3-) 4-9 cm, with at least slight pubescence on the midribs, and petals 3.4-5 mmbroad. The other common littoral species with racemose inflorescences and densely pubescent perianth,  H. laxiflorum, has broader and on average shorter sepals and petals with rounded apices, with the petals usually well exceeding the sepals; neither petals nor sepals are at all keeled, and their indument, though partly dense, is generally short.  Rabenantoandro et al. 954from Mahabo ( 23°10’20”S 47°42’23”E; MO) has flowers like those of  H. brevipedunculatum, with narrow petals, and the leaf midribs are virtually glabrous, but the leaves are very large as is typical of  H. nobile. Both species are known from Mahabo. It is suggested to be a hybrid between those species.   Additional material examined. –   Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa:S of Farafangana, near village of Mahabo, 23°10’51”S 47°42’29”E,  30 m,  5.XI.2001, fl.,  McPherson& Rabenantoandro18358( MO, P);  Fkt. Nosyala, forêt d’Analazaha, 23°10’13”S 47°43’27”E,  22 m,  26.VIII.2003, fl.,  Rabehevitra et al.558( P).  Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin, fl.,  Cloisel125( P); forêt sur la route de Ste Luce, partie S, 24°46’S 47°09’E,  0-10 m,  23.III.1989, post-fl.,  Dumetz631( MO, P);  Fkt. Sainte Luce, 24°46’41”S 47°10’04”E,  17.XII.2000, fl. and post-fl.,  Faliniainaet al. 37( MO);  Bemangidyforest, ca.  3 kmE of Antsotso, along RN 12a, 24°34’05”S 47°12’38”E,  100 m,  10.II.2006, post-fl.,  Lowryet al. 6756( MO, P);  Ste. Luceregion, Manafiafy, 24°47’S 47°10’E,  25 m,  19.X.1989, fl.,  McPhersonet al. 14168( MO, P); few km NW of Manantenina, forêt d’Analalava, 24°13’S 47°21’E,  40 m,  28.X.1989, fl.,  McPherson14274( MO, P); N of town near village of Ste. Luce( Manafiafy), forest NW of village, 24°47’S 47°10’E,  20 m,  16.I.1990, post-fl.,  McPhersonet al. 14808( MO, P);  Taolagnaro, forêt M 7, 24°57’31”S 47°00’02”E,  0-10 m,  6.X.2000, fl.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 333( MO, P);  Fkt. Sainte Luce, forêt sublittorale de S8, Hovasite minier, 24°46’29”S 49°08’57”E,  6 m,  4.XI.2003, fl.,  Rabenantoandro& Ramisy1540( MO, P);  Fkt. Sainte Luce, forêt d’Analavinaky, à l’W du village d’Ambandrika, 24°46’30”S 47°09’00”E,  21 m,  24.XI.2009, fl.,  Rakotovao4736( MO); sentier reliant Ampasy et Iaboakohovillage, 24°35’57”S 47°09’31”E,  29.XI.2009, fl.,  Rakotovaoet al. 4909( MO); forêt d’Ambavarano, 24°57’32”S 47°02’07”E,  7 m,  11.XII.2006, fl,  Ramisonet al. 139( MO);  Ste. Luce, fkt. Manafiafy, forêt de Manafiafy, 24°46’08”S 47°10’14”E,  21 m,  30.XI.2002, fl.,  Randrianaivoet al. 865( MO, P);  Antsotso, forêt d’Ivohibe, 24°56’46”S 47°19’54”E,  386 m,  XI.2005, fl.,  Razakamalalaet al. 2458( MO, P); Iaboko, Antsotso Avaratra, 24°34’35”S 47°12’28”E,  25 m,  13.XII.2007, fl.,  Razakamalalaet al. 4025( MO, P); N of Ft. Dauphin on road to Ste. Luce, block S-9 of QUIT-FER, 24°47’S 47°11’E,  15 m,  12.XI.1990, fl.,  Schatz et al.2999( MO, P);  Mandena,  19.XII.1952, post-fl.,  Service Forestier6610( P);  Mandena,  3.XI.1953, fl.,  Service Forestier7851( P);  Vinanibe, à l’W de Fort-Dauphin,  7.XII.1968, fl.,  Service Forestier28619( P[2 sheets]). V. 18 ?? K Scott Elliot Madagascar Fort-Dauphin 4 37 K000231468 2 Toliara holotype [998,1243,1224,1248] V. 18 ?? P Scott Elliot Madagascar Fort-Dauphin 4 37 P00375087 1 Toliara isotype 3461735370 2001-11-05 MO, P McPherson & Rabenantoandro Madagascar 30 -23.180832 Mahabo 21 47.708057 Farafangana 5 38 1 Fianarantsoa 3461735416 2003-08-26 P Rabehevitra et al. 22 -23.170277 foret d'Analazaha 21 47.724167 Fkt. Nosy 5 38 1 3461735521 1989-03-23 P, MO Dumetz 5 -24.766666 Cloisel 1249 47.15 Fort-Dauphin 5 38 1 Toliara 3461735453 2000-12-17 MO Faliniaina -24.778055 Fkt. Sainte Luce 21 47.167778 Fkt. Sainte Luce 5 38 1 3461735418 2006-02-10 MO, P Lowry 100 -24.568056 Bemangidy 21 47.210556 5 38 1 3461735333 1989-10-19 MO, P McPherson 25 -24.783333 Manafiafy 1249 47.166668 Ste. Luce 5 38 1 3461735375 1989-10-28 MO, P McPherson 40 -24.216667 foret d'Analalava 1252 47.35 Manantenina 5 38 1 3461735424 1990-01-16 MO, P McPherson 20 -24.783333 Manafiafy 1249 47.166668 Ste. Luce 5 38 1 3461735577 2000-10-06 MO, P Rabenantoandro 5 -24.958612 Taolagnaro 21 47.000557 5 38 1 3461735582 2003-11-04 MO, P Rabenantoandro & Ramisy 6 -24.774721 Hova 21 49.14917 Fkt. Sainte Luce 5 38 1 3461735431 2009-11-24 MO Rakotovao d'Ambandrika 21 -24.775 d'Analavinaky 21 47.15 Fkt. Sainte Luce 5 38 1 3461735517 2009-11-29 MO Rakotovao -24.599167 Ampasy et Iaboakoho 21 47.15861 5 38 1 3461735408 2006-12-11 MO Ramison 7 -24.958889 d'Ambavarano 21 47.03528 5 38 1 3461735383 2002-11-30 MO, P Randrianaivo 21 -24.768888 Manafiafy 21 47.170555 Ste. Luce 5 38 1 3461735525 2005-11 MO, P Razakamalala 386 -24.94611 Antsotso 21 47.331665 Antsotso 5 38 1 3461735419 2007-12-13 MO, P Razakamalala 25 -24.57639 Antsotso 21 47.20778 5 38 1 3461735507 1990-11-12 MO, P Schatz et al. 15 -24.783333 Ste. Luce 1249 47.183334 Ste. Luce 5 38 1 3461735448 [962,1448,869,889] 1952-12-19 P Service Forestier Mandena Mandena 5 38 1 3461735455 [804,1231,896,916] 1953-11-03 P Service Forestier Mandena Mandena 5 38 1 3461735342 1968-12-07 P Service Forestier Vinanibe Fort-Dauphin 5 38 1