Illustrated key and systematics of male South African Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae) Muller, B. S. African Invertebrates 2015 2015-12-31 56 3 845 845 9HN2H Muller, 2015 Muller 2015 [502,754,992,1019] Insecta Muscidae Atherigona Animalia Diptera 17 862 Arthropoda species capitulata sp. nov.   Fig. 14 Etymology: From the Latin capitulatus(ending in a small head), referring to the size of the apex of the median piece in comparison to the rest of the structure when viewed in profile. Diagnosis: This species is most similar to  A. griseiventris van Emden, 1940, and also keys to it in Deeming (1971)and Dike (1989 a). The median piece ( Fig. 14a, b) of the trifoliate process looks quite similar in profile to that of  A. griseiventris( Fig. 13a, b), but lacks the apical dilation when viewed posteriorly; the lateral plates are also shaped entirely different, appearing twisted ( Fig. 14b) compared to that of  A. griseiventris( Fig.13a). Furthermore, the hypopygial prominence of  A. capitulatais without any apical emargination, compared to  A. griseiventris. Description:  Male.  Measurements: Body length: 3.844 mm; wing: 3.344 mm; r­mcrossvein ratio: 0.392. Head: Ground colour dark. All head setae and setulae infuscated. Occiput silver-grey dusted posteriorly and laterally with narrow median part glossy. Ocellar triangle silver-grey dusted. Frontal vitta infuscated. Frontal plate silver-grey dusted with three pairs of proclinate frontal setae and two pairs of orbital setae. Parafacial silver-grey dusted on upper and gold dusted on lower half, slightly wider than aristal base. Scape and pedicel infuscated with ferruginous margins, postpedicel and arista entirely infuscated. Palpus entirely infuscated; apex truncated and dilated, with hyaline hairs and yellow vertex.  Thorax: Ground colour dark. Postpronotal lobe gold dusted, with three setae and 10 setulae. Pleura silver-grey dusted. Proepisternum inconspicuous, gold dusted. Scutum grey dusted, with three 2-4 dorsocentral vittae, stopping before scutellum. Scutellum grey dusted; one pair of basal setae, one pair of discal setae and 8 discal setulae, one pair of subbasal setae, being 0.75× the one pair of apical setae.  Legs: All legs yellow except for foreleg with apical half of tibia and entire basitarsus infuscated.  Leg chaetotaxy:Fore tarsi with apical three segments having erect setulae on dorsal surface.  Wings: Hyaline. Veins brown. Halteres white. Calypters white.  Abdomen: All tergites yellow; tergite 1+2 with dark wide marking taking up most of dorsal surface; tergite 3 with two medium sized dark-brown marks taking up just over two thirds of dorsal surface; tergite 4 with two small round markings, taking up a third of dorsal surface; tergite 5 immaculate. Hypopygial prominence knoblike. Trifoliate process stem 2.8× the length of the apical process; entire trifoliate process infuscated; median piece linear in posterior view, very broad in profile, almost shaped like an axehead, much wider than lateral plates; lateral plates without inner lobe, narrow in both posterior view and profile. Surstylus with dark markings at base dorsally.  Female.Unknown.   Holotype ♂: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu­Natal: Louwsberg, iGwala Gwala, 27°34'S 31°17.9'E,  1090 m,  2–3.vi.2005, M.B. Mostovski, YPT [ yellow pan trap] ( NMSA; Type no. 2503).   Paratypes: 13♂same data as holotype ( NMSA; Type no. 2503).  Other material examined: 1♂same data as holotype and paratypes( NMSA). Distribution: South Africa. 2005-06-02 2005-06-03 2005-06-02 NMSA M. B. Mostovski South Africa 1090 -27.566668 Louwsberg 929 31.298334 Gwala 18 863 1 1 holotype [144,720,1020,1042] 2005-06-02 2005-06-03 2005-06-02 NMSA M. B. Mostovski South Africa 1090 -27.566668 Louwsberg 929 31.298334 Gwala 18 863 13 13 paratype [144,834,1060,1082] 2005-06-02 2005-06-03 2005-06-02 NMSA M. B. Mostovski South Africa 1090 -27.566668 Louwsberg 929 31.298334 Gwala 18 863 1 1 paratype