Four new species of Helina Robineau-Desvoidy from far northwestern China (Diptera: Muscidae) Li, Siyu Xue, Wanqi Nihei, Silvio S. Zhang, Chuntian Zootaxa 2025 2025-11-12 5719 2 207 227 6LJKM Xue 1986 [151,385,1698,1725] Insecta Muscidae Helina Animalia Diptera 10 217 Arthropoda species subpubiseta   Diagnosis.Hind tibia without long vrow, if there were, then legs black; hind tibia always without sub-basal pd; prosternum, mid-dorsal excavation of proepisternum, notopleuron, anepimeron, lateral and ventral surfaces of scutellum bare. Sternite 1 bare. Cerci wide, generally both inner and outer lobe exist, but no deep cleft ( Xue & Sun 2015).  Chinese species included in this group (36 species):  H. aleaFeng & Xue;  H. alticaWang, Xue & Wang;  H. ampyxocercaXue;  H. angulisternitaXue & Feng;  H. betulaXue;  H. biastocercaXue;  H. calliaFeng;  H. cilitruncataXue;  H. compositimaculaXue;  H. conicocercaFeng & Xu;  H. deleta(Stein)(synonym:  H. xingkaihuicaFeng & Ye, and  H. cuonaicaFeng & Xu);  H. deslargideletaXue;  H. dicrocercacmaFeng;  H. flavipulchellaXue & Du;  H. guizhenaeFeng;  H. harbinensisZhang & Ma;  H. hyetaFeng & Xue;  H. largideletaXue, Wang & Tong;  H. meiguicaQian & Feng;  H. minutideletaXue;  H. moirigkawagarboensisXue;  H. paomashanaFeng;  H. phantodontaFeng;  H. platycercaFeng;  H. qilianshanensisWu;  H. raoheensisLiu, Cui & Ma;  H. solataXue & Feng;  H. spilopardalisXue & Zhang;  H. subdeletaXue;  H. subpubisetaXue;  H. tigrivestigiaXue;  Helina umbratisetaXue  sp. nov.;  H. xianggelilaensisXue, Feng & Tong;  H. xingkaiensisXue & Zhang;  Helina xinyiliiaXue  sp. nov., and  H. yaanensisFeng & Xue ( Xue & Sun 2015).    Key to Chinese species of  Helina subpubiseta-group (males) (modified from Xue & Sun 2015)    1 praslightly shorter to longer than posterior notopleural seta.................................................... 2  - praabsent or hair-like, at most half as long as posterior notopleural seta......................................... 30   2 dc2+3 .............................................................................................. 3  - dc2+4 .............................................................................................. 8   3 Katepisternal setae 1+2................................................................................. 4  - Katepisternal setae 2+2................................................................................. 5   4 Femora and tibiae all yellow..............................................................  H. dicrocercacma  - Legs all black.........................................................................  H. compositimacula   5 Fore tibia without median p.......................................................................  H. altica  - Fore tibia with 1 median p.............................................................................. 6   6 Mid femur with complete pvrow, sub-middle 3 strong.............................................  H. harbinensis  - Mid femur without complete pvrow, only with 2–3 pvon apical 1/3–1/4......................................... 7   7 Hind femur without pv..........................................................................  H. betula  - Hind femur with long pvon apical 1/3.......................................................  H. qilianshanensis   8 Arista pubescent or short plumose, the longest hairs generally 1/2–2/3 of postpedicel width.......................... 9  - Arista long plumose, the longest hairs about equal to postpedicel width......................................... 18   9 Mid femur without av................................................................................. 10  - Mid femur with complete avrow........................................................................ 15   10 Eye bare or with scarce ciliae; fore tibia with 1–2 median p................................................... 11  - Eye with dense and long ciliae; fore tibia without median p................................................... 14   11 Mid tibia with 1 ad.........................................................................  H. tigrivestigia  - Mid tibia without ad.................................................................................. 12   12 Hind tibia anterodorsal and posteroventral surfaces with long hair row..............................  H. angulisternita  - Hind tibia anterodorsal and posteroventral surfaces without long hair row........................................ 13   13 Frons width equal to anterior ocellus; arista pubescent..............................................  H. platycerca  - Frons about 1.5x as wide as anterior ocellus; arista short plumose, the longest hairs about 1/2 as long as postpedicel width................................................................................................  H. solata   14 Mid tibia without ad, with 6–7 p;hind tibia with 6–8 pectinate avrow on apical 3/5...................  H. deslargideleta  - Mid tibia with 1 sub-median adand 3 p;hind tibia with complete avrow..........................  H. xianggelilaensis   15 Katepisternal setae 1+2......................................................................  H. subpubiseta  - Katepisternal setae 2+2................................................................................ 16   16 Arista pubescent..........................................................................  H. phantodonta  - Arista short plumose, about 1/2–2/3 as long as postpedicel width............................................... 17   17 Hind tibia with 2 avand 2 adin the middle; praslightly shorter than posterior notopleural seta; hind femur with complete avrow.....................................................................................  H. conicocerca  - Hind tibia with 4 avand 1 ad; praas long as posterior notopleural seta; hind femur with 4–5 avon apical 2/5  H. spilopardalis   18 Katepisternal setae 1+2................................................................................ 19  - Katepisternal setae 2+2................................................................................ 20   19 Fore tibia without median p; mid femur without complete avrow; hind tibia with a median row of p..........  H. subdeleta  - Mid femur with complete avrow; hind femur only with avon basal 3/5; hind tibia with a submedian row of p............................................................................................  H. moirigkawagarboensis   20 Postpedicel about 1.3x as long as broad..........................................................  H. guizhenae  - Postpedicel 2.5–3.5x as long as broad.................................................................... 21   21 Hind femur with complete avrow, the basal half with short bristle and the apical half developed...................... 22  - Hind femur with avonly on basal 1/2.................................................................... 25   22 Mid femur with avonly on basal 1/2..................................................................... 23  - Mid femur with only basal av........................................................................... 24   23 praas long as posterior notopleural seta; mid tibia with 1 p........................................  H. minutideleta   - praabout 1.5x posterior notopleural seta; mid tibia with 3 p.............................................  H. callia   24 Scutum inner vitta (between acrrows) not reaching scutellum; surstylus slightly longer than cercus..............  H. hyeta  - Scutum inner vitta reaching scutellum; surstylus significantly shorter than cercus.........................  H. yaanensis   25 Legs black, except tibiae slightly brown to yellow on apical 1/2...........................................  H. alea  - Legs black.......................................................................................... 26   26 Fore tibia without median p............................................................................ 27  - Fore tibia with 1 median p............................................................................. 28   27 Parafacial at the middle about 1.5x as wide as postpedicel; tergites 3–5 with conspicuous shifting patches on both sides; tergites 3 and 4 with a pair of large square dark patches...................................................  H. largideleta  - Parafacial at the middle about 1.2x as wide as postpedicel; tergites 3–5 without conspicuous shifting patch on both sides; tergite 4 trace-like shape...............................................................................  H. deleta   28 Scutum inner vitta (between acrrows) reaching scutellum............................................  H. meiguica  - Scutum inner vitta (between acrrows) at most reaching the middle of subscutum.................................. 29   29 Tergites 3 and 4 without conspicuous lateral patches; tergite 5 with a pair of small lateral patches..........  H. ampyxocerca  - Tergites 3 and 4 with a pair of brown patches in the middle........................................  H. paomashana   30 Katepisternal setae 1+2................................................................................ 31  - Katepisternal setae 2+2................................................................................ 33   31 Hind tibia without median p..........................................................   H. xinyiliiaXue sp. nov.  - Hind tibia with 1 median p............................................................................. 32   32 Eye bare; arista short plumose, the longest hairs about 2/5x as long as postpedicel; legs black............  H. flavipulchella  - Eye with sparse and long cilia; arista long plumose, the longest hairs 1.3–1.5x as long as postpedicel; legs black, except femora yellow on apex and hind tibia yellow on apical 4/5................................................  H. biastocerca   33 Fore tibia with 1 median p....................................................................  H. raoheensis  - Fore tibia without median p............................................................................ 34   34 Mid and hind tibiae yellow; eye bare...........................................................  H. cilitruncata  - Legs black; eye with ciliae............................................................................. 35   35 Frons about 2x as long as postpedicel; dc2+4...................................................  H. xingkaiensis  - Frons slightly narrower than postpedicel; dc2+3, the distance from the first seta to the second one large, and the distance from the second to third small, the first distance about 2.2x the second one......................   H. umbratisetaXue sp. nov.