E. anthropophaga Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas E. bunchosiifolia Nied. E. hermesiana Mattos E. jussara Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas E. longipetiolata Mattos E. speciosa E. tumescens B.S.Amorim & M.Alves Eugenia stenocarpa E. bunchosiifolia Eugenia sect. Speciosae E. stenocarpa Eugenia stenocarpa Eugenia bunchosiifolia E. hermesiana E. longipetiolata E. speciosa EUGENIA STENOCARPA (MYRTACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL, WITH A REMARKABLE FRUIT Valdemarin, Karinne S. C. Maruyama, Adriano G. de Lima, Alexandre C. Souza, Vinicius F. Mazine, Fiorella Edinburgh Journal of Botany 2024 2024-05-29 81 1945 1 12 Valdemarin & A.Maruy. Valdemarin & A. Maruy. 2024 [121,612,1603,1628] Magnoliopsida Myrtaceae Eugenia Plantae Myrtales 1 2 Tracheophyta species stenocarpa sp. nov.  –  Type: Brazil, São Paulo, municipality of Cunha, Zonade amortecimento do PESM, Núcleo Cunha, Sítio Vivenda das Meninas, próximo à Estrada do Paraibuna, 23°13′45′′S, 45°00′50′′W,  1102 m,  2 viii 2020[fl. and imm. fr.],  K.S. Valdemarin, A. Maruyama& A. Gibau1496 ( holotype SORO, isotype ESA).  Figures 1, 2 . Tree 3–5 mtall. Twigsslightly applanate when young, terete when mature, the distal internodes 15–55 mmlong, 1–2 mmin diameter, longitudinally striate exfoliating in membranaceous irregular sheets, sparsely puberulent when young, trichomes whitish, glabrescent. Young leavessparsely puberulent above, strigose below, trichomes adpressed and brownish. Leavesopposite, petiole (4)7–12 × 0.8–1.1 mm, terete, sparsely puberulent, trichomes glabrescent; blade (2.9)8–10 × 2.9–4.1 cm, elliptic or narrowly obovate, chartaceous, markedly discolorous when dry, upper surface dark green, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, lower surface olive green, sparsely strigose, base acute, attenuate or cuneate, apex obtuse or short-acuminate, sometimes rounded, sometimes falcate when dry, midvein sulcate in the proximal region becoming prominent on the upper third of the blade above, prominent below, sparsely puberulent above and strigose below, secondary veins (8)12–15 pairs, leaving the midvein at angles of 64–70°, slightly raised above and raised below, sparsely puberulent above and puberulent below, marginal veins 2, innermost 1–4 mmfrom the margin, outermost up to 1 mmfrom margin. Margin revolute with a thickened and yellow edge, and oil glands 0.1–1.5 mmin diameter, 5–10 per mm 2, inconspicuous above and slightly raised below. Inflorescencesterminal or axillary auxotelic racemes with late vegetative proliferation and 1 or 2 pairs of flowers; rachis up to 12 mmlong, terete, puberulent, glabrescent; bracts 2–3 × 0.5–0.8 mm, lanceolate or oblong, tomentose, glabrescent, persistent until fruiting, sometimes deciduous in the flowers; pedicels 25–39 × c. 0.7 mm, terete, puberulent; bracteoles 1.5–2.1 × c. 0.5 mm, narrow-lanceolate or linear, free, apex acute, puberulent, deciduous in bud, flower and mature fruit, trichomes whitish or brownish. Flower budsc.6 × 4 mm, obovate. Flowerswith smooth, pubescent hypanthium; calyx lobes 4, fused by 1 mmat the base in bud, in two unequal pairs, the outermost 4–5 × 2.5–3.8 mm, ovate, apices acute, the innermost 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, ovate, sparsely puberulent on both surfaces, oil glands prominent; petals 4, c.8 × 4.5 mm, obovate, glabrous and ciliate; staminal ring c. 3 mmin diameter, rounded, glabrous; stamens straight in the bud, filaments 4–7 mmlong, glabrous, anthers 0.5–0.8 × 0.5 mm, oblong or globose, dehiscing longitudinally; style c. 5.5 mm, glabrous, stigma punctiform and papilose, ovary 2-locular, ovules 12–14 per locule, locule glabrous inside. Fruits8–10.3 × 3.5–5.9 mm, cylindrical, smooth, glabrous. Seeds1 per fruit, c.1.8 × 1.2 mm, globose; testa smooth; cotyledons fused with no visible hypocotyl. Distribution.  Eugenia stenocarpais found only in the Serra do Mar mountain range, in northeastern São Paulo state, at the boundary with Rio de Janeiro state. The new species was recorded in three localities in the municipality of Cunha. Two of them come from a private property (Sítio vivenda das meninas) located in the SMSP’s buffer zone in Paraibuna road, and the third from the waterfall trail within the SMSP area (  Figure 3).   Figure 1.  Eugenia stenocarpaValdemarin & A.Maruy., sp. nov.A, Twigs with flower and immature fruits; B, detail of the leaf margin, with yellow thickening; C, immature cylindrical fruit. Photograph of the holotype ( K.S. Valdemarinet al. 1496), taken by K. S. Valdemarin.   Figure 2.  Eugenia stenocarpaValdemarin & A.Maruy., sp. nov.A, Flower bud; B, flower after anthesis; C, immature cylindrical fruit; D, bark. All photographs of the holotype ( K.S. Valdemarinet al. 1496), taken by K. S. Valdemarin.  Habitat and ecology. This species grows on clay soils in dense ombrophilous forest above 1000 ma.s.l. (see  Figure 3) with an average annual precipitation of 1421 mm. It was collected from riverine environments and tropical montane cloud forest with a history of degradation ( Neves et al., 2017). Flowering in June through August; fruiting in August through September.   Figure 3.Distribution of  Eugenia stenocarpain the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo, Brazil.  Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the species’ narrowly cylindrical fruits, an unusual characteristic in  Eugeniasect. Speciosae.  Proposed IUCN conservation category. This species has a restricted distribution and is known from only three closely situated localities within the SMSP and its buffer zone. The estimated EOO of 0.045 km 2and AOO of 8 km 2fall within the thresholds for the Critically Endangered (CE) category under criterion B. However,  Eugenia stenocarpaoccurs in a protected area, and the presence of a buffer zone suggests that it is not under any major threats or undergoing continuing decline. Therefore, the new species is classified at present as Least Concern (LC).  Notes. Based on morphology, the new species is assigned to  Eugeniasect. Speciosaedue to its auxotelic raceme inflorescences with late vegetative proliferation, foliaceous calyx lobes 4–5 mmlong, and narrowly lanceolate to linear bracteoles that are sometimes deciduous in the bud or in flower but always in the mature fruits ( Bünger et al., 2016). Currently, 10 species are nested in  Eugeniasect. Speciosae( Bünger et al., 2016; Mazine et al., 2020). Two occur in the Amazon region (  Eugenia tovomitaSobral & M.A.D.Souzaand  E. wentiiAmshoff, neither restricted to Brazil), one in dry areas of the Brazilian Cerrado (  E. macedoiMattos & D.Legrand), and seven recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest  (  E. anthropophagaCosta-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas,  E. bunchosiifoliaNied.,  E. hermesianaMattos,  E. jussaraCosta-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas,  E. longipetiolataMattos,  E. speciosaand  E. tumescensB.S.Amorim & M.Alves). The key encompassing these 10 species can be found in the monograph by Mazine et al.(2020), for the group named ‘Chave E’. Following this key,  Eugenia stenocarpais similar to  E. bunchosiifoliabecause both have smooth hypanthium covered by trichomes, and leaf blades with obtuse or short-acuminate apex, sometimes rounded, with a thickened yellow revolute margin and without floccose dark indument. However, the new species is distinguished by its 25–39 mmlong pedicels (vs 5–20 mmlong), leaf blades with innermost marginal vein 1–4 mmfrom the blade edge (vs 4–6 mm), and oil glands inconspicuous above (vs raised). The key to  Eugeniasect. Speciosaeby Mazine et al.(2020)is updated to include  E. stenocarpaand is provided below. As already mentioned in the diagnosis, the remarkable cylindrical fruits of  Eugenia stenocarpamake it clearly different from all other species in the section. Additionally, of the species that occur in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil(i.e.  Eugenia bunchosiifolia,  E. hermesiana,  E. longipetiolataand  E. speciosa), the new species is distinguished by a set of further features, including young twigs that are sparsely puberulent and glabrescent, and flowers with pubescent hypanthium ( Table).   Additional specimens examined.  BRAZIL.  São Paulo: Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, núcleo Cunha, próximo a Estrada do Paraibuna, sentido rodovia 171 (Cunha, Paraty), 23°13′44′′S, 45°00′49′′W,  1088 malt.,  3 xi 2019[fl],  A. Maruyama& L. Cicco2045 ( ESA, SORO); ibid., no km 4 da Trilhadas Cachoeiras, 23°16′36′′S, 45°01′59′′W,  1039 malt.,  1 x 2019[fl],  A. Maruyama& L. Cicco1587 ( SORO);  Zonade amortecimento do PESM, Núcleo Cunha, Sítio Vivenda das Meninas, próximo à Estrada do Paraibuna, 23°13′45′′S, 45°00′50′′W,  1102 malt.,  30 iii 2018[fr],  A. Maruyama& L. Cicco1086 ( ESA, RB, SORO, SPSF).   Key to Brazilian species of  Eugeniasect. Speciosae(adapted from Mazine et al., 2020)    1a. Hypanthium and fruits costate _____________________________________________________ 2  1b. Hypanthium and fruits with non-costate surface ___________________________________ 3   2a. Fruits slightly 8-ribbed and pedicels swollen at the apex ____________________  E. jussara  2b. Fruits deeply 8-ribbed and pedicels not swollen at the apex _________  E. anthropophaga   3a. Hypanthium glabrous _____________________________________________________________ 4  3b. Hypanthium with trichomes _______________________________________________________ 5 4a. Leaf blades with a thickened and yellow edge, pedicel not swollen at the apex    E. speciosa4b. Leaf blades without a thickened and yellow edge, pedicel swollen at the apex   E. tumescens 5a. Leaf blades with caudate apex and black-floccose indumentum on mature leaves   E. longipetiolata5b. Leaf blades with acuminate, acute, obtuse or rostrate apex, glabrous or with other than black-floccose indumentum _______________________________________________________ 6 6a. Leaf blades with a thickened and yellow edge ______________________________________ 7 6b. Leaf blades without a thickened and yellow edge ___________________________________ 8 7a. Pedicels 25–39 mmlong, fruit cylindrical ______________________________  E. stenocarpa7b. Pedicels 5–20 mmlong, fruit globose _______________________________  E. bunchosiifolia 8a. Leaf blades with acuminate or rostrate apex _______________________________________ 9 8b. Leaf blades with acute or obtuse apex ____________________________________________ 10 9a. Leaf blades with irregularly distributed punctuations, calyx lobes up to 3 mmlong and not recovering the petals when in bud ____________________________________  E. tovomita 9b. Leaf blades with evenly distributed punctuations, calyx lobes longer than 6 mmand recovering the petals when in bud __________________________________________  E. wentii 10a. Calyx lobes with acuminate apex, 50–70 mmlong _____________________  E. hermesiana10b. Calyx lobes with acute apex, 3.9–7 mmlong ______________________________  E. macedoi 2020-08-02 SORO, ESA Sitio Vivenda das Meninas & K. S. Valdemarin & A. Maruyama & A. Gibau Brazil Type 1102 -23.229168 Nucleo Cunha 21 -45.01389 Zona 2 3 2 Sao Paulo holotype 2019-11-03 ESA, SORO A. Maruyama & L. Cicco Brazil Cunha 1088 -23.22889 Cunha 21 -45.01361 Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar 6 7 1 Sao Paulo 2019-10-01 SORO da Trilha & A. Maruyama & L. Cicco Brazil Cunha 1039 -23.276667 Cunha 21 -45.033054 Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar 6 7 1 Sao Paulo 2018-03-30 ESA, RB, SORO, SPSF Sitio Vivenda das Meninas & A. Maruyama & L. Cicco Brazil Zona 1102 -23.229168 Estrada do Paraibuna 21 -45.01389 Nucleo Cunha 6 7 1 Sao Paulo