Stenothoe valida Dana, 1853

Dugger, Abigail R. & White, Kristine N., 2025, Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira, ZooKeys 1259, pp. 57-102 : 57-102

Stenothoe valida Dana, 1853

Figs 9 , 22 G

Stenothoe validus Dana, 1853: 924–925, pl. 63, fig. 1.

Probolium polyprion : Costa 1853: 173.

Probolium megacheles : Heller 1866: 13–14, pl. 2, figs 1, 2.

Stenothoe valida : Stebbing 1906: 194; LeCroy 2011: 726, fig. 570; Krapp-Schickel 2015: 40–45 , figs 21–23.

Stenothoe assimilis : Chevreux 1908: 4–8, figs 4–6.

Stenothoe ornata : Barnard 1930: 341, fig. 16.

Material examined.

Panama • 1–3.5 mm • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Swan Caye ; 9.4533°N, 82.2983°W; depth 3 m; among brown algae, filamentous red algae, and hydroids; 4 Aug 2005; M. Faust, E. Gaiser, T. Haney, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6676 • 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, Cayo Solarte ; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 0.5 m; among hydroids and algae; 7 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6677 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye ; depth 1–4 m; mangrove root scraping; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762921 .

Diagnosis.

Head anterior margin rounded, eye relatively large. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subovate, palmar angle absent, palm crenulate. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palmar angle absent, with distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe nearly reaching distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle lacking distoventral spur; inner ramus with two spine-setae. Uropod 3 second article of ramus subequal in length with first article of ramus.

Distribution.

This species has been reported as nearly cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic distribution: USA: North Carolina ( Fox and Bynum 1975), South Carolina ( LeCroy 2011), Biscayne Bay, Florida ( LeCroy 2011), the Dry Tortugas, Florida ( Pearse 1932); Bonaire: Bonaire, Kralendijk ( Krapp-Schickel 2015); Bermuda: Harrington Sound ( Krapp-Schickel 2015); Colombia: Barú ( Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994); Brazil: Rio de Janeiro ( Dana 1853; Wakabara and Serejo 1998); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).

Ecology and remarks.

This species occurs among algae, hydroids, and fouling organisms in Panama up to depths of 4 m. Previous reports list this species to depths of 33 m ( LeCroy 2011). Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of this species from the Western Atlantic ( Stebbing 1906; LeCroy 2011; Krapp-Schickel 2015) and can be distinguished by the elongate merus of pereopod 7. Color of living specimens is unknown.

Figures

Figure 9. Stenothoe valida, female, 2.5 mm, uropods 1–3, head, pereopod 7, pereopod 5, gnathopod 2 lateral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 22. Photographs of living specimens unless noted. A. Apolochus dragensis sp. nov.; B. Apolochus pillaii; C. Apolochus cf. picadurus (ethanol-preserved specimen); D. Seba cf. tropica (ethanol-preserved specimen); E. Stenothoe gallensis; F. Stenothoe minuta; G. Stenothoe valida (ethanol-preserved specimen). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.