Encarsia

Geng, Hui & Li, Cheng-De, 2016, Five new species of genus Encarsia Förster from China (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Zootaxa 4162 (3), pp. 535-549 : 536

Key to Chinese species of Encarsia with a clear asetose area around the stigmal vein of the fore wing (females)

1 Mid tarsus 4-segmented (including individuals with the last two segments partly fused and indicated by a transverse suture) ( Figs 5, 6, 7 , 13, 14 ), tarsal formula 5:4:5................................................................... 2

- Mid tarsus distinctly 5-segmented ( Figs 21 , 27 , 36 ), tarsal formula 5:5:5.......................................... 3

2(1) Scutellar sensilla widely separated (by about 7–8× own maximum width) ( Fig. 3 ); distance between anterior pair of scutellar setae distinctly greater (1.25–1.57×) than that between posterior pair ( Fig. 3 ); ovipositor distinctly shorter (0.58–0.7×) than mid tibia................................................................... E. dianensis Li & Geng , sp. nov.

- Scutellar sensilla narrowly separated (by about their own maximum width) ( Fig. 11 ); distance between anterior pair of scutellar setae distinctly less (0.7×) than that between posterior pair ( Fig. 11 ); ovipositor longer (1.15–1.19×) than mid tibia...................................................................................... E. hayati Li & Geng , sp. nov.

3(1) Longest marginal fringe of fore wing about as long as or longer than maximum wing width ( Figs 20 , 26 )................. 4

- Longest marginal fringe of fore wing distinctly less than maximum wing width ( Fig. 34 )............................. 9

4(3) Petiole smooth, without sculpture ( Fig. 22 ); mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 setae ( Fig. 19 ); clava 2-segmented ( Fig. 18 )................................................................................... E. biseta Li & Geng , sp. nov.

- Petiole with sculpture ( Fig. 29 ); mid lobe of mesoscutum with 4 setae ( Fig. 25 ); clava 3-segmented ( Fig. 24 ).............5

5(4) Distance between scutellar sensilla a little less than maximum width of a sensillum ( Fig. 25 ); distance between anterior pair of scutellar setae distinctly less (0.52×) than that between posterior pair ( Fig. 25 ); basal cell of fore wing asetose ( Fig. 26 ); F2 a little longer than F1 ( Fig. 24 ); body almost entirely pale yellow ( Fig. 28 )................... E. huangi Li & Geng , sp. nov.

- Distance between scutellar sensilla at least 2× maximum width of a sensillum; distance between anterior pair of scutellar setae equal to or greater than that between posterior pair; basal cell of fore wing with 1 or 2 setae; F2 not longer than F1; body at least partly brownish................................................................................... 6

6(5) Gaster almost entirely brown to dark brown, only apex of T7 yellow.............................................. 7

- Gaster almost entirely yellow or pale brown................................................................ 8

7(6) Submarginal vein of fore wing with 1 seta.......................................... E. lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli)

- Submarginal vein of fore wing with 2 setae..................................................... E. citrina (Craw)

8(6) Body robust, broad ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 74); fore wing disc relatively densely setose ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 71); scutellar sensilla relatively closely placed, separated by little more than twice their maximum width ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 74)............................................................ E. curtifuniculata Huang & Polaszek

- Body slender ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 136); fore wing disc less densely setose ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 135); scutellar sensilla more widely spaced ( Huang & Polaszek 1998, fig. 136)................. E. gracilens Huang & Polaszek

9(3) Head dark brown with pale lines; mesosoma with axillae completely dark brown.............. E. longifasciata Subba Rao

- Head mostly or entirely pale yellow to yellow; mesosoma with axillae completely yellow or at most slightly brownish at apex................................................................................................... 10

10(9) Mid lobe of mesoscutum with either 8(4+2+2) or 10(4+2+2+2) setae............................................ 11

- Mid lobe of mesoscutum at most with 4(2+2) setae.......................................................... 12

11(10) Fore wing clearly infuscated below marginal vein; mesoscutum dark anteriorly.................... E. nipponica Silvestri

- Fore wing not infuscated below marginal vein, a small dark spot at stigmal vein and parastigma; mesoscutum entirely pale........................................................................................ E. gerlingi Viggiani

12(10) Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 2 setae ( Fig. 33 ); each side lobe of mesoscutum with 2 setae ( Fig. 33 ); F2 with 1 longitudinal sensillum ( Fig. 32 ); third valvula 0.36–0.4× as long as second valvifer................... E. yunnana Li & Geng , sp. nov.

- Mid lobe of mesoscutum either with 4 setae or asetose; each side lobe of mesoscutum with 1 seta; F2 without longitudinal sensilla; third valvula at least 0.5× as long as second valvifer..................................................... 13

13(12) Mid lobe of mesoscutum asetose; F1 about as long as F2; marginal fringe of fore wing distinctly longer than half wing width (0.75–0.85×)..................................................................... E. aseta Hayat & Polaszek

- Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 4 setae; F1 distinctly shorter than F2; marginal fringe of fore wing about half wing width (0.47– 0.6×).............................................................................................. 14

14(13) Head yellow with clypeus margin brownish; F3 a little longer than F1+F2; ovipositor shorter than, or up to 1.1× length of the mid tibia, but distinctly shorter than mid tibia and basitarsus combined............................. E. mineoi Viggiani

- Head entirely yellow; F3 distinctly shorter than F1+F2; ovipositor a little longer than mid tibia and basitarsus combined................................................................................ E. flavescens Huang & Polaszek

Figures

FIGURES 4 – 8. Encarsia dianensis sp. nov., holotype (except Figs 6, 7) ♀: 4, fore wing; 5, mid tibial spur and tarsi; 6, 7, mid tibial spur and tarsi (two paratypes); 8, metasoma. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURES 9 – 16. Encarsia hayati sp. nov., holotype ♀: 9, head, frontal view; 10, antenna; 11, mesosoma; 12, fore wing; 13, mid tibial spur and tarsi; 15, sculpture on petiole; 16, ovipositor; paratype ♀: 14, mid tibial spur and tarsi. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURES 17 – 22. Encarsia biseta sp. nov., holotype ♀: 17, head, frontal view; 18, antenna; 19, mesosoma; 20, fore wing; 21, mid tibial spur and tarsi; 22, metasoma. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURES 23 – 30. Encarsia huangi sp. nov., holotype ♀: 23, head, frontal view; 24, antenna; 25, mesosoma; 26, fore wing with stigmal vein enlarged; 27, mid tibial spur and tarsi; 28, mesosoma and metasoma; 29, sculpture on petiole; 30, ovipositor. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURES 31 – 38. Encarsia yunnana sp. nov., holotype (except Fig. 33) ♀: 31, head, frontal view, with mandibles enlarged; 32, antenna; 33, mesosoma (paratype); 34, fore wing; 35, hind wing; 36, mid tibial spur and tarsi; 37, metasoma; 38, sculpture on petiole. Scale bars = 50 µm.

FIGURES 1 – 3. Encarsia dianensis sp. nov., holotype (except Figs 2, 3) ♀: 1, head, frontal view; 2, antenna (paratype); 3, mesosoma (paratype). Scale bars = 50 µm.