CYRTOSCYDMINI SCHAUFUSS, 1889 REPLACED BY

Newton, Alfred F., 2015, Cyrtoscydmini Schaufuss, 1889 Replaced by Glandulariini Schaufuss, 1889 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (4), pp. 758-759 : 758

CYRTOSCYDMINI SCHAUFUSS, 1889 REPLACED BY GLANDULARIINI SCHAUFUSS, 1889 ( COLEOPTERA : STAPHYLINIDAE : SCYDMAENINAE )

ALFRED F. NEWTON Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A. [e-mail]

The scydmaenine tribe Cyrtoscydmini , the most speciose tribe of the subfamily with more than 3,700 described species, has had a long and confusing history of changing concepts and names. As currently constituted (e.g., Jałoszyński 2005; Bouchard et al. 2011), the tribe includes the type genera of 10 available family-group names that were originally proposed for different tribes or higher groups of the then-family Scydmaenidae . The oldest of these 10 family-group names were first proposed by L. W. Schaufuss (1889): Cyrtoscydmini (p. 2, based on the genus Cyrtoscydmus Motschulsky, 1869 ) and Glandulariidae (p. 3, based on his new genus Glandularia Schaufuss, 1889 ). Csiki (1919), in the last world catalog of Scydmaenidae , recognized Cyrtoscydmus as a subgenus of the large genus Stenichnus Thomson, 1859 that was placed in his tribe Neuraphini Csiki, 1909 ; the name Cyrtoscydmini was not mentioned, but due to the placement of its type genus it became an implied synonym of Neuraphini . In the same catalog, Csiki placed the genus Glandularia in a new group, Syndicini, along with the genus Syndicus Motschulsky, 1851 , which had also been included in Glandulariidae by Schaufuss (1889); the name Glandulariidae was indicated as a synonym of this new group name. Csiki gave no explanation in either case for ignoring priority in his choice of group names. Later, after reviewing type material, Franz (1970) recognized Glandularia as a synonym of the subgenus Napochus Thomson, 1859 of the genus Euconnus Thomson, 1859 , but did not mention the familygroup name based on it. From this point on, the names Glandularia and Cyrtoscydmus (as subgenus or synonym) have usually been placed in the same tribe, variously called Neuraphini , Stenichnini Ganglbauer, 1898 , or Euconnini Casey, 1897. As a result of their phylogenetic study, Grebennikov and Newton (2009) proposed recognizing Scydmaenidae as a subfamily, Scydmaeninae , of Staphylinidae , but this had no impact on the tribal classification of the group.

Newton and Thayer (1992), in reviewing familygroup names in Staphyliniformia, recognized that the two Schaufuss 1889 names had priority over the multiple later names that had been in use for this tribe. They chose Cyrtoscydmini as the valid name for the group without explanation but probably because Cyrtoscydmus was then still in use as a valid subgeneric name, while Glandularia had been synonymized decades earlier and more or less forgotten. This First Reviser action was valid according to the Zoological Code in effect at the time ( ICZN 1985, Art. 24), and the name Cyrtoscydmini has since come into general use for this tribe. Later, Meybohm (2004) proposed that Cyrtoscydmus be placed as a synonym rather than subgenus of Stenichnus .

Unfortunately, the Fourth Edition of the Zoological Code ( ICZN 1999) inserted a new provision into Art. 24 for automatic determination of precedence of simultaneously published names that explicitly supersedes any other First Reviser action in this situation. This provision (Art. 24.1) requires that, if the simultaneously published names are of different ranks, the name proposed at higher rank takes precedence. In the case of the two Schaufuss family-group names under consideration, the ranks of these names were not formally stated by Schaufuss (1889), but the conventional interpretation of the terminations of these names at the time (and now) indicate that Glandulariidae was proposed as a family, while Cyrtoscydmini was implied as a tribe and explicitly indicated by Schaufuss as a group within his family Scydmaenidae . Thus, the former name is of higher rank and has precedence for the current valid name of this modern tribe. Accordingly, I propose the following changes in the status of these names:

Glandulariini Schaufuss, 1889 , new status (as valid name, not synonym of Cyrtoscydmini )

= Cyrtoscydmini Schaufuss, 1889 , new synonymy.

Full data on all of the family-group names discussed here, including additional synonyms, can be found in Bouchard et al. (2011), with further discussion or information provided in Newton and Thayer (1992). Full data on all genus-group names are provided in Newton and Franz (1998).