Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi (Krauss, 1896)

Ünal, Mustafa, 2007, Revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1951 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae), Zootaxa 1581, pp. 1-36 : 21-23

Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi (Krauss, 1896)

(Figs. 8, 17; Table 1)

Eremobia escherichi Krauss, 1896 .

Tmethis Escherichi : Jacobson & Bianchi 1905 sensu Kirby 1910; Kirby 1910: 287; Uvarov 1930: 372.

Tmethis heldreichi escherichi: Uvarov 1934: 110 ; Karabağ 1949: 22, 34, 64, 101.

Asiotmethis heldreichi escherichi: Uvarov 1943: 56 .

Tmethis heldreichi heldreichi: Karabağ, 1949: 65 , 101.

Asiotmethis escherichi: Ramme 1951: 274 , 426.

Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi: Bey-Bienko 1951: 315 (1963: 336) ; Karabağ 1958: 112; Cejchan 1965: 470; Demirsoy 1977: 49; Presa & Garcia 1984: 14; Otte 1994: 158; Ünal 2006: 21.

Glyphotmethis guichardi Cejchan 1964: 220 , syn.n.

Glyphotmethis guichardi: Weidner 1969: 155 ; Presa & Garcia 1984: 14; Otte 1994: 158.

Glyphotmethis holtzi pulchripes: Weidner 1969: 154 .

Glyphotmethis heldreichi escherichi: Karabağ et al. 1971: 85 .

Type locality: Turkey: Ankara, Kavaklıdere. Neotype: male( AIBUEM), here designated.

Previous records: Krauss 1896: Ankara, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. K. Escherich (lost); Ramme 1951: Ankara, Çubuk deresi, 7.7.1935 (probably lost); Karabaǧ 1958: as G. pulchripes : Ankara, Elma daǧı, 10.8.1939; Polatlı, 2.7.1940, leg. T. Karabaǧ (see Remarks); Cejchan 1965: Ankara, 27.6.1928, 1 ♂; Ankara, 1 ♀ (Zool. Inst. Leningrad); Ankara, 1930, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. Sureya (coll. A. Cejchan); Ankara, Beynam, 28.6.1947, 1 ♀ (Nat. Mus. Prague); 1 ♀, no locality, (Nat. Mus. Stockholm); Weidner 1969: as G. holtzi pulchripes : Ankara, Polatlı, 2.7.1940, 1 ♀, leg. et det. T. Karabaǧ (Zool. Mus. Hamburg) (not examined, see Remarks); Karabaǧ et al. 1971: Ankara, Polatlı, DÜÇ, 11.6.1963, 3 ♂ (probably lost).

Material examined: 236 specimens. TURKEY: Kleinasien [Anatolia], Ankara, Kavakli [Kavaklıdere], 1931 , 1 ♂, leg. Sureya (neotype) ( AIBUEM); Ankara, above Hasanoǧlan , 29.6.1962 , 1500 m, 3 ♂, 3 ♀, (holo- and paratypes of G. guichardi ); Elmadaǧ , 1000 m, 19.6.1962 , 2 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. K.M. Guichard and D.H. Harvey (paratypes of G. guichardi ) ( NHM) , 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (paratypes of G. guichardi ) ( MNHN). TURKEY: Angora [Ankara], Kavaklıdere , 1930 , 4 ♂, 3 ♀ ( NHM) ; 2 ♂ ( ZMB); 1931 , 2 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. Sureya ( AUZM) , 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( AIBUEM); Ankara, 1930 , 17 ♂, 12 ♀, 18.7.1930, 1 ♀ ( NHM) , 3 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. Sureya; Ankara, 19.6.1943 , 1 ♂ ( AUZM); Elma Daǧı , 30.7.1930 , 2 ♂, 5 ♀, leg. Sureya ( NHM) , 1 ♂, 26.6.1961, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( AUZM); Elma Daǧı , 1300 m, 12.7.2002 , 7 ♂, 5 ♀; 1330 m, 25.7.2002, 7 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. M. Ünal ( AIBUEM); Ankara, 10.8.1931 , 2 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. B.P. Uvarov ( NHM) , 3 ♂ ( ZMB); Ankara, 8.7.1939 , 1 ♀ ( NHM) , 5 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. T. Karabaǧ ( AUZM); Ankara, Lalahan , 15.7.1969 , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. W.G. Tremewan ( NHM); Ankara, 10–1901 , 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Ankara, Tschibuk Tal [?], 7.7.1935 , 1 ♀, leg. Fuss ( ZMB); Ankara, Ayrancı , 14.6.1939 , 1 ♂; Ankara, Çaldaǧ , 27.7.1939 , 1 ♂; 21.7.1940, 1 ♂, T. Karabaǧ; Ankara, Hüseyingazi Daǧı , 28.6.1939 , 2 ♀; 27.6.1940, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 16.7.1940, 1 ♂; Ankara, Polatlı yolu, 2.7.1940 , 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ankara, Söǧütözü , 2.6.1941 , 1 ♂, leg. T. Karabaǧ; Ankara, Hasanoǧlan , 8.7.1959 , 1 ♀, leg. T. Tanyolaç ( AUZM); Hasanoǧlan , 1550 m, 12.7.2002 , 1 ♂; Hasanoǧlan, 1350 m, 25.7.2002, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. M. Ünal ( AIBUEM); Ankara, Ayaş, Oltan Köyü , 11.7.1939 , 1 ♂ ( AUZM); Ankara, Ayaş, Aygır deposu, 14.6.1956 , 1 ♂, 7 ♀, leg. S. Balamir; Ankara, Gölbaşı , 19.8.1940 , 1 ♀ ( ZMMAE); Ankara, Tuluntaş , 1275 m, 4.7.2003 , 20 ♂, 8 ♀; Ankara, Mühye Köyü , 985 m, 2.7.2003 , 10 ♂, 5 ♀, leg. M. Ünal ( AIBUEM); Kırşehir, Kaman , 1000 m, 17.6.1962 , 5 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. K.M. Guichard and D.H. Harvey ( NHM); Kırıkkale, Üçevler , 900 m, 4.7.1996 , 1 ♂; Kırıkkale 10 km B, 700 m, 19.6.1996 , 1 ♀; 3.7.1996, 5 ♂, 1 ♀; 4.7.1996, 2 ♂; Kırıkkale 14 km B, 800 m, 19.6.1996 , 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Kırıkkale, Yukarımahmatlar , 850 m, 23.6.1994 , 1 ♂; Kırıkkale, Kireçlik tepesi, 1300 m, 26.6.1996 , 3 ♂, 1 ♀; Kırıkkale, Dinek Daǧı , 1650 m, 23.6.1994 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Kırıkkale, Köprüköy-Haydardede , 1200 m , 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Kırıkkale, Eroǧlu-Uzunlar , 1700 m, 3.7.1996 , 1 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. M. Ünal; Kırıkkale, Keskin 3 km K, 1010 m, 13.7.2001 , 2 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. M. Ünal & S. Mutun; Eskişehir, Yunusemre, Yayla Köyü , 1000 m, 17.6.2002 , 3 ♂, 3 ♀, leg. M. Ünal & S. Mutun (all AIBUEM) .

Diagnosis: Pronotum (Figs. 8a–d) with distinct tubercles; prozona high, its lobes and lateral projections of mesozona distinct; metazona flat, lateral margins straight with acute angular hind margin; male tegmina (Figs. 8a, c, e) reaching beyond half of hind femur; axillary 1 and axillary 2 veins of hind wing distinct and separated; distal excision of dorsal carina of hind femur distinct, its ventral carina clearly wavy; inner side of hind femur red with dark macula at base; inner side of hind tibia bright red; male penis valves (Figs. 8g, h) stout apically, their apices strongly curved upwards in lateral view, widened in posterior view; lophi (Fig. 8i) with nearly 15 dense spines, posterior margin of epiphallus (Fig. 8i) narrowly rounded.

This subspecies is different from G. escherichi elatior by the lower prozona, shorter metazona with acute angular hind margin, shorter and narrower flat metazona, shorter male tegmina, lighter coloration of hind legs, smaller body size and distribution. It is different from G. escherichi inermis by more and sharper pronotal tubercles, higher prozona with distinct lobes, distinct lateral projections of mesozona, longer male tegmina and distribution.

Distribution: ( Fig. 17). Turkey: Central, E and SE of Ankara, S of Kırıkkale, E of Eskişehir.

Remarks: The Glyphotmethis specimens collected from Turkey were mostly identified as Glyphotmethis escherichi which is the first described species from Turkey. In the present paper, those previous misidentifications are given under the “Previous records” part of each relevant taxon.

This taxon was described by Krauss (1896) from Ankara. According to Uvarov (1943), Prof. Escherich collected in a wide neighbourhood of Ankara and the exact type locality is uncertain. Therefore, he rightly suggested the immediate vicinity of Ankara as the type locality. On the other hand, the type material is lost. The specimens collected from the immediate vicinity of Ankara (Kavaklıdere, Central Ankara) by Uvarov and Sureya Bey are almost the same with Krauss’ description ( Uvarov 1934: 23, 110). I selected, therefore, a male collected by Sureya Bey from Kavaklıdere as neotype.

According to Uvarov (1934) some specimens of Ankara very close to inermis and the subspecies escherichi and inermis overlap in Elmadaǧ. Cejchan (1964) described G. guichardi after the specimens collected from Hasanoǧlan (İdris Daǧı) and Elmadaǧ. It is observed that a large number of specimens, collected from mentioned places and its environs, show the interstage characters between the both subspecies. Especially while the males are nearer to the nominotypical subspecies the females are nearer to G. escherichi inermis . The Hasanoǧlan, Elmadaǧ, Lalahan, Mühye (Yenikent) and Eymir Gölü populations include the similar specimens. On the other hand, G. adaliae angorensis was described after the specimens also collected from Emir Gölü (paratypes). The holotype of the angorensis collected from Baraj (Çubuk Barajı, in Ankara) is given as synonym of G. escherichi inermis herein because of it certainly belongs to inermis as is true in the specimens collected from Çubuk afterwards. In the result of morphological analysis it is concluded that the populations of Hasanoǧlan, Elmadaǧ, Lalahan, Mühye (Yenikent) and Eymir Gölü are interstage forms between the nominotypical subspecies and G. escherichi inermis . Besides, this contanct zone extends to Kırıkkale Province. Among the specimens collected from Kırıkkale ( Ünal 2006) there are some individuals which have the characters of the both subspecies or it can be found populations which nearer to the nominotypical subspecies or to G. escherichi inermis . G. guichardi , therefore, is proposed as a junior synonym of this taxon.

The specimens collected from Eskişehir: Yunusemre are interstage to G. escherichi elatior . They are near to the nominotypical subspecies by the body size, and shape of pronotum, shorter male tegmina; to G. escherichi elatior by the much darker coloration of the inner side of hind femur. Some of the specimens found from Ankara: Tuluntaş are also approach to G. escherich elatior by the longer male tegmina and the much darker coloration of the inner side of hind femur. But the smaller body, shape of pronotum of those specimens and the remaining individuals exactly agree with the nominotypical subspecies. If the other records of G. escherichi elatior given from Ankara are also considered (see G. escherichi elatior ), the region from western Ankara to Yunusemre may contact zone between the both subspecies.

The records given from Elmadaǧ, dated 10.8.1939, as G. pulchripes ( Karabaǧ 1958) is belong to this taxon. One female record, given from Polatlı as G. holtzi pulchripes ( Weidner 1969) , was not examined. But another part of the same population was seen in the AUZM. There is no doubt that it is G. escherichi escherichi .