SPECIES, Latreille, 1802

Klopfstein, Seraina, 2022, High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Denmark), Geodiversitas 44 (23), pp. 645-664 : 649

KEY TO SPECIES OF THE FUR FORMATION ( DENMARK)

This key includes the species currently known from the Fur Formation, but should be expanded as soon as additional species are being described.

1. Forewing with areolet triangular or oblique-quadrate, with vein 4-M less than half as long as 2+3-M; vein 2m-cu bowed outwards, with two bullae. T1 attached broadly to mesosoma, parallel-sided or weakly converging towards base, usually 1.0-2.0 × longer than wide; spiracle at or in front of middle, S1 shorter than half the length of T1. Ovipositor usually at least 0.2 × as long as for wing, rather robust; ventral valve with teeth, dorsal valve without a notch. Tarsal claws often with a basal lobe. ( Pimplinae ) ...................................................... 2

— Character combination different ............................................................ other subfamilies of Ichneumonidae

2. Mesosoma mostly orange or yellow, at least on mesopleuron, mesosternum and propodeum, although mesoscutum sometimes dark. Hind wing vein 1-CU shorter than cu-a (nervellus broken above the middle) ............ 3

— Mesosoma mostly or entirely black or dark brown. Metasoma orange, except for base of T1. Hind wing vein 1-CU shorter or longer than cu-a ................................................................................................................ 6

3. Antenna tricoloured: orange at base, ivory around middle and dark brown at apex.Tergites orange with darkened bands in basal third to half. Mandible with two teeth, the lower shorter and more narrow than the upper ..... ........................................................................................ Epitheronia stigmatica ( Henriksen, 1922) , n. comb.

— Antenna uniformly orange or dark brown. Tergites yellow, usually with paired, dark marks. Mandibles various, sometimes with two teeth, sometimes twisted (rarely visible) ....................................................................... 4

4. Mesosoma orange or yellow, at most with dark marks around wing bases. Forewing vein 2m-cu forming a dis- tinct zig-zag, first bowed outwards, then inwards ................................................. Xanthopimpla ciboisae n. sp.

— Mesoscutum black or dark brown. Forewing vein 2m-cu bowed outwards on its entire length .................... 5

5. Forewing at most 6.5 mm long. Antenna light orange on its entire length. Hind femora stout, about 2.5 × longer than broad. Tergites with dark markings, at least on T3-T 5 in the form of paired spots ....................... ........................................................................................................................ Xanthopimpla crescendae n. sp.

— Forewing about 9.0 mm long. Antenna dark brown. Hind femora more slender, about 3.5 × longer than wide. Tergites at most with darkened basal part, without paired spots ........................... Theronia ? nigriscutum n. sp.

6. Wings elongate, radial cell more than 3.5 × longer than wide. Body somewhat elongate, propodeum rather continuously sloping ............................................................................................ Crusopimpla elongata n. sp.

— Wings less elongate, with radial cell at most 3.2 × longer than wide. Body less elongate, propdeum rounded in lateral view, towards the end more steeply sloping ....................................................................................... 7

7. Hind wing vein 1-CU shorter than cu-a (nervellus broken above the middle) ............ Theronia ? furensis n. sp.

— Hind wing vein 1-CU longer than cu-a (nervellus broken below the middle) .............................................. 8

8. Forewing about 4 mm long. Vein 2m-cu only weakly bowed outwards, almost straight .................................. .............................................................................................................................. Crusopimpla minuta n. sp.

— Forewing at least 6 mm. Vein 2m-cu clearly bowed outwards ...................................................................... 9

9. T2 less than half as long as wide, T1 at most 0.8 × as long as wide. Antennae entirely orange ........................ ................................................................................................................................ Crusopimpla rettigi n. sp.

— T2 at least half as long as wide, T1 at least 0.9 × as long as wide. Antennae various, sometimes entirely orange .... 10

10. At least T2-T5 with darkened patches or bands which are located on a raised central area or on paired bulges. Nervellus interstitial ............................................................................................... Crusopimpla collina n. sp.

— Metasoma entirely orange, except for dark base of T1. No raised areas or bulges visible on T2-T5. Nervellus distinctly postfurcal ................................................................................................ Crusopimpla violina n. sp.