Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr.

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

14. Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr. Figs 22 , 23 , Map 6

Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931.

Guatteria leiophylla Diels, Annonaceae Novae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 77. 1931. Non (Donn. Smith) Saff.

Type.

BOLIVIA, La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos, 850 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 1926, Buchtien, O. 705 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242369]; isotypes: HBG, MO! [MO-0477531], S! [S-R-7017], US).

Annona nitida Ruiz & Pav., Anales Instit. Bot. Cavanilles 17: 429, t. 488. 1959. Non Martius (1841), nom. nud.

Guatteria rusbyi J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot Ser. 4: 171. 1929.

Guatteria lucida Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 245. 1927. Non C. Presl.

Type.

BOLIVIA, Beni: Covendo 630 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 1921. White, O.E. 913 (holotype: NY! [NY00026024]).

Description.

Shrub or tree 3-20 m tall, 3-18 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 4-12 by 1 –3(– 4) mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 12-28 by 4 –9(– 12) cm (index 2-3.9), chartaceous, often green or greenish-brown above and below, more greyish above with darker or reddish veins, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins 1-6, distance between from 14-24 mm at the base to 10-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, not branching forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2 –4(– 6) mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 4, on older, leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-4 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden <0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 18-34 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 18 –34(– 43) by 1-3 mm (in fruit), glabrous; 1-3 lower bracts, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, glabrous; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, ovate to broadly so, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or creamy yellow in vivo, dark yellow, reddish-brown or dark brown in sicco; sepals free, very broadly ovate-triangular, recurved, 2-3 by 2-3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals elliptic, 12-15 by 8-11 mm, rounded, inner petals elliptic, 13-15 by 6-8 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., pinkish in vivo, stamens 1.4-1.8 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous, monocarps 6-30, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 14-17 by 8-9 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange-red and red in vivo, black (reddish-brown when immature) in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 16-26 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid, light brown, pitted ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular.

Distribution.

Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz).

Habitat and ecology.

Mostly in primary wet or moist forest, also in mildly disturbed areas, often on slopes or terraces, on sandstone soils. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: February, May, July through September, November and December; fruiting: February through August, November and December.

Vernacular names.

Chocolatillo (Meneces & Terceros 395), Chocolatillo Negro (D.N. Smith et al. 14006, 14058), Eye (Youras; Naessany 106), Quií-quií (Hinojosa & Seidel 1313).

Notes.

Cremastosperma leiophyllum is the most southerly distributed species of the genus and. of the two found in Bolivia, the only endemic. Bud development in C. leiophyllum is open (as opposed to that of C. monospermum ). It most closely resembles C. spec B (which is not found in Bolivia), from which it can best be distinguished by the characteristic shape (asymmetrical, the stipes thickening somewhat where they meet the monocarps) and colour (blackish) of the mature fruits when dried.

Preliminary conservation status.

Although a regional endemic, Cremastosperma leiophyllum has been collected regularly over a faily broad area of Bolivia including two national parks. Least concern [LC] (Table 1 ).

Selected specimens examined.

BOLIVIA. Beni: Serrania del Pilón Lajas, Yucumo, 15°15'S, 67°00'W, 850-900 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991, Killeen et al. 3080 (USZ); Serranía del Pilón Lajas, Yucumo, 15°13'S, 67°03'W, 760-870 m a.s.l., 19 May 1989, D.N. Smith et al. 13253 (LPB, MO, U, USZ). Cochabamba: Puerto Aurora, Región del Chapare, 16°50'S, 65°10'W, 28 Jun 1989, Naessany 106 (LPB, U); Río Blanco, 17°12'S, 64°25'W, 240 m a.s.l., 31 May 2000, Seidel 3543 (LPB). La Paz: San Carlos, Sarampiuni, 13°00'S, 65°00'W, 500 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 1927, Buchtien 706 (B, S); Río Quiquibey, 15°29'S, 67°04'W, 1000 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1990, M.A. Lewis 37979 (MO, U); Alto Beni, Santa Ana, 15°37'S, 67°25'W, 500 m a.s.l., 28 Jun 1990, Seidel et al. 2878 (LPB, U); Consata, 15°20'S, 68°31'W, 1300 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1981, Solomon et al. 6606 (LPB, MO, U). Pando: Campamento Gomero Pingo de Oro, 11°31'36"S, 69°06'11"W, 21 Oct 1999, Paniagua 2119 (F). Santa Cruz: Velasco, N of Puerto Frey, 14°39'50"S, 61°09'33"W, 210 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1995, P.F. Foster 230 (WAG); Ayacucho Forest Reserve, 17°00'S, 63°00'W, 240 m a.s.l., 14 Apr 1976, Meneces & Terceros 395 (MO, NY); Choré Forest Reserve, Río Ibabo, 16°35'S, 64°31'W, 180 m a.s.l., 16 Aug 1990, Neill & Quevedo 9334 (LPB, MO, U, USZ); Parque Nacional Amboró, 17°33'S, 63°44'W, 360 m a.s.l., 15 Nov 1991, I.G. Vargas et al. 1113 (F, LPB, NY, USZ).

Figures

Map 6. Distribution of Cremastosperma confusum Pirie, C. leiophyllum R. E. Fr.; and C. oblongum R. E. Fr.

Figure 22. Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, b Seidel & Schulte 2265)

Figure 23. a, b Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, d Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e-g C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h-j C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, l C. oblongum R. E. Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m-o C. osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).