Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto, 1969

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto, 1969 Figs 38D-I , 43 , 44

Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto, 1969: 26 (Taiwan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 57 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 374; Beenen 2010: 453 (catalogue); Lee and Cheng 2010: 123 (redescription); Xue and Yang 2010: 129 (catalogue); Takahashi 2012: 324 (specimens at OMNH); Yang et al. 2015: 120 (catalogue).

Pyrrhalta (Pyrrhalta) shirozui : Wilcox 1971: 89 (catalogue).

Types.

Holotype ♀ (KUEC, by original designation): "(Taiwan) / Sungkang [松崗] / Nantou Hsien [p, w] // 29.VI.[h] 1965 / T. Shirôzu [p, w] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r]". Paratype. 1♂ (KMNH): "(TAIWAN) / Alishan [阿里山] / Chiai Hsien [p] / 29[h]. VII. 1966 / H. Kamiya leg. [p, w] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]".

Other material.

Taiwan. Chiayi: 1♂ (TARI), Yushan (玉山), 1.VII.2015, leg. J.-C. Chen ; Hualien: 2♀ (TARI) Hahuan Cross-Ridge (合歡越嶺古道), 4.VIII.2018, leg. H.-F. Lu ; 1♂ (TARI), Pilu (碧綠), 29.VI.2018, leg. H.-F. Lu ; Ilan : 6♂, 3♀ (TARI), Mingchi (明池), 25.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 4♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with “16.VIII.2008”; 1♀ (TARI), Ssuyuan (思源), 11.VIII.2014, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 1♂ (TARI), Taipingshan (太平山), 26-28.VII.1983, leg. L. Y. Chou ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 8.VII.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen ; 3♂, 6♀ (TARI), same locality, 25.V.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 1♂ (TARI), Yingtzuling (鶯仔嶺), 3.VI.2011, leg. Y.-L. Lin ; Nantou: 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 5-9.X.1980, leg. C. C. Chen & C. C. Chien ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Nengkaoshan (能高山), 18.X.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 1♀ (TARI), Tatachia (塔塔加), 20.VII.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with "leg. H. Lee"; 1♀ (TARI), same but with "C.-F. Lee"; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 21.IX.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Tsuifeng (翠峰), 12-14.IX.1984, leg. K. S. Lin and S. C. Lin ; Pingtung: 8♂♂ (TARI), Jinshuiying (浸水營), 12.VIII.2010, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 1♀ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 1.VIII.2009, leg. U. Ong ; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 19.VII.2012, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 29.VI.2018, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; Taichung: 1♂ (TARI), Hassenzan (= Pahsienshan , 八仙山), 4.VI.1942, leg. A. Mutura ; 1♂ (TARI), Wuwoweishan (屋我尾山), 5.VI.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen ; Taipei: 2♂♂ (TARI), Fengkueitsui (風櫃嘴), 21.X.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 6♂, 3♀ (TARI), Hsiaoyukeng (小油坑), 24.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 4♀ (TARI), same but with “12.X.2008”; 9♀ (TARI), same locality and collector, reared from larvae, 21-29.III.2009 ; 1♀ (TARI), 5.XI.2006, Shihlin (士林), 5.XI.2006, leg. H.-T. Cheng ; 2♂, 6♀ (TARI), Yangmingshan (陽明山), 12.V.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “27.V.2007”; Taitung : 3♂, 1♀ (TARI), Hsiangyang (向陽), 2.VII.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Liyuan (栗園), 19.VI.2013, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 1♀ (TARI), Motien (摩天), 23.V.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee ; Taoyuan: 4♂, 10♀ (TARI), Lalashan (拉拉山), reared form larvae, 27.IV.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee ; 1♂, 9♀ (TARI), same but with “28.V.2009”; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 15.VII.2009, leg. H.-J. Chen ; 1♀ (TARI), Tamanshan (塔曼山), 25.VIII.2008, leg. H. Lee.

Redescription.

Length 4.9-6.8 mm, width 2.4-3.4 mm. Body color (Fig. 38D-F ) yellowish brown; antennae blackish brown but inner sides of five basal antennomeres yellowish brown; slender black stripe along outer and basal margins of elytra, extending into humeral calli, surrounding scutellum and suture, abbreviated at basal 1/3 or middle, with one additional pair of large black spots inside middle of apical 1/3; legs black, but inner sides of femora and tibiae yellowish brown. Eyes small, interocular space 2.06-2.26 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 43A ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 1.0, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.9: 2.2: 4.2: 3.7: 3.4: 3.4: 3.2: 3.1: 3.1: 2.9: 3.9; filiform in females (Fig. 43B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.7: 2.1: 4.4: 3.8: 3.5: 3.3: 3.1: 3.3: 3.2: 3.2: 4.8. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 2.0 × wider than long, disc smooth; with coarse, dense punctures, and short pubescence; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins rounded, widest at apical 1/3, basal margin truncate, apical margin slightly concave; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures strongly erect. Elytra elongate and broad, parallel-sided, 1.5 × longer than wide; disc smooth, with extremely coarse, dense punctures, and short pubescence. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg small (Fig. 43E ), and tarsomere I of middle leg axe-shaped in lateral view, with narrow basal half and expanded apical half in males (Fig. 43K ). Aedeagus (Fig. 43C, D ) wide in dorsal view, 4.5 × longer than wide, apex asymmetrical, widest at apical 1/6, gradually narrowed toward base, apex rounded but depressed at middle; strongly curved near base in lateral view, slightly and apically curved, apex truncate with a rounded process on left; ostium not covered by membrane; two endophallic sclerites elongate, apex of primary endophallic sclerite with several teeth, 0.6 × as long as aedeagus, with one short branch at apical 1/5, secondary sclerite slightly shorter, 0.8 × as long as the primary endophallic sclerite, apex acute. Only apices of gonocoxae (Fig. 43G ) sclerotized and longitudinal, with a number of long setae along lateral and apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 43F ) narrow; disc with several long setae and short setae along apical margin; spiculum long. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 43H ) slightly swollen; pump short and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V slightly concave, with deeply rounded depression at middle in males (Fig. 43J ); broadly rounded in females (Fig. 43I ).

Variation.

Some specimens have a black stripe along the entire suture of the elytra (Fig. 38G ); some have the black spot separated into two, sometimes connected (Fig. 38H ); some have broad black stripe along suture, expanding laterally to connect with black spot (Fig. 38I ); many specimens are intermediate between these color patterns.

Remarks.

adults of P. shirozui Kimoto are easily recognized by the characteristic color patterns on the elytra and sparse, coarse elytral punctures, as well as diagnostic shape of the aedeagus differing from all other species of Pyrrhalta .

Host plants.

Larvae and adults feed on leaves of Viburnum formosanum (Hance) Hayata, V. foetidum Wall. var. rectangulatum Rehder, V. integrifolium Hayata, V. luzonicum Rolfe, V. taitoense Hayata, and V. urceolatum Siebold and Zucc.

Biology.

The following life cycle information is based on Mr Mei-Hua Tsou’s (TCRT) observations (Lee and Cheng 2010). Females deposited single eggs in crevices of small twigs (Fig. 44A ) or a hole prepared by the female (Fig. 44B ) during autumn. The larvae hatched when plants sprouted during spring. They prepared a hole as a resting site (Fig. 44C ). They exited the hole only when feeding on leaves (Fig. 44D ). Larval duration was 14 days. mature larvae burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 44E ) was 22-28 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 44F ) during summer and autumn.

Distribution.

This species is widespread in lowlands (0-1,500 m) in northern Taiwan and mid-altitudes (1,500-2,500 m) in central Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 38. Habitus of Pyrrhalta jungchani sp. nov. and P. shirozui Kimoto A P. jungchani sp. nov., male, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. shirozui, female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view G Same species, color variation H Same species, color variation I Same species, color variation.

Figure 43. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E apex of tibia of middle leg, male F abdominal ventrite VIII G gonocoxae H spermatheca I abdominal ventrite V, female J abdominal ventrite V, male K tarsi of middle leg, male.

Figure 44. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto on host plant A egg at crevice of small twig B egg at hole prepared by the female C Resting site (hole) prepared by larva D Larva E pupa F adult.