Diplazium, Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader, 1800

Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXII. Athyriaceae, Phytotaxa 334 (2), pp. 141-151 : 143-144

Key to the Bolivian species of Diplazium

1 Blades simple, subentire ................................................................................................................................................................... 2

– Blades 1- to 3-pinnate ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Petioles 10–30 cm long; veins free .................................................................................................................... D. plantaginifolium

– Petioles 0 – 5 cm long; veins anastomosing .................................................................................................................... D. praestans

3 Veins anastomosing .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

– Veins free .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Blades pinnate with 2–4 free pinna pairs ....................................................................................................................... D. andinum

– Blades pinnatifid or with 1 free pinna pair .............................................................................................................. D. pinnatifidum

5 Blades 1-pinnate, the pinnae entire or lobed to 1/3 to the costae, with equilateral or subequilateral bases ..................................... 6

– Blades 1-pinnate-pinnatifid (lobed>1/3 to the costae) to 4-pinnate, or if pinnae only crenate then these with inequilateral bases .. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6 Pinnae lobed 1/6–1/3 to the costae, usually broadest near in the middle; pinna bases cuneate ................................ D. cuneifolium

– Pinna margins entire or shallowly crenate; pinnae broadest near their bases; pinna bases truncate ................................................ 7

7 Costae abaxially glabrous or with a few, scattered scales ............................................................................................ D. ballivianii

– Costae abaxially densely and minutely puberulent ..................................................................................................... D. mapiriense

8 Blades 1-pinnate to 1-pinnate-pinnatisect (rarely proximally fully 2-pinnate) ................................................................................ 9

– Blades at least proximally 2- to 4-pinnate ...................................................................................................................................... 16

9 Pinna bases subequilateral or lobed basiscopically ........................................................................................................................ 10

– Pinna bases mostly conspicuously inequilateral with reduced basiscopic sides ............................................................................ 13

10 Proliferous buds usually present in axils of distal pinnae; larger pinnae 9–22 cm broad ..................................... D. macrophyllum

– Proliferous buds lacking; larger pinnae 3–7 cm broad ................................................................................................................... 11

11 Pinnae incised 1/3–2/3 towards the costae, proximal pinnae not fully incised at their bases; rachises glabrous ...... D. tabalosense

– Pinnae incised 3/4 towards the costae or more, or basally pinnate and with a few proximal pinnules largely free; rachises glabrous or hairy ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

12 Indusia vestigial or lacking; sori mostly 1.5–2.5 mm long; blades chartaceous to subcoriaceous; pinnae with>20 pairs of segments ........................................................................................................................................................................ D. lindbergii

– Indusia persistent; sori mostly 3–7 mm long; blades firm-membranaceous; pinnae with <15 pairs of segments .......... D. striatum

13 Pinnae each with an enlarged and often free acroscopic auricle .................................................................................................... 14

– Pinnae without conspicuously enlarged acroscopic auricles .......................................................................................................... 15

14 Proximal pinnae sessile (rarely short-stalked); acroscopic lobes cut 1/4–1/2 to the costae ..................................... D. bombonasae

– Proximal pinnae stalked; acroscopic lobes cut fully or nearly so to the costae ....................................................... D. petiolulatum

15 Pinnae lobed 1/2–3/4 to the costae (rarely in proximal pinnae the proximal acroscopic segments free) ..................... D. cristatum

– Pinnae (at least proximal ones) lobed 3/4 to fully to the costae .............................................................................. D. stuebelianum

16 Costae abaxially moderately to abundantly puberulent with minute hairs 0.1–0.3 mm long ........................................................ 17

– Costae abaxially glabrous or sometimes with spreading hairs 0.4–0.5 mm long or filiform or lanceolate scales, but not puberulent ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

17 Abaxial blade tissue between veins minutely puberulent ............................................................................................. D. expansum

– Abaxial blade tissue between veins glabrous ................................................................................................................................. 18

18 Sori and indusia 2–3 mm long, extending to within 1 mm of the segment margins ...................................................... D. yuyoense

– Sori and indusia 1–2 mm long, not reaching the segment margins ................................................................................. D. alienum

19 Scales of axes, especially of costae and costules, frequent to abundant, with setulose, serrulate, or otherwise toothed margins ...... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

– Scales of axes lacking or with entire margins ................................................................................................................................ 23

20 Scales of axes bicolorous, pale with blackish borders and mostly black bifid marginal teeth ...................................... D. rostratum

– Scales of axes concolorous, the marginal teeth not bifid or black ................................................................................................. 21

21 Sori exindusiate; all axes abaxially (stipes, rachises, costae, costules, and costulets) with dense, conspicuous scales ..................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. D. exindusiatum

– Sori indusiate, linear; axes abaxially lacking conspicuous scales, or if scales present, relatively small, <5 mm long and <1 mm wide, inconspicuous (if present at all) on more minor axes (costules and costulets) ..................................................................... 22

22 Largest pinnules deeply incised, at least 3/4 to the costules, often nearly to costules; indusia broadly elliptic, 1–2 mm long; scales of petiole bases, rachises, costae, and costules with stout marginal teeth; blades lacking buds .............................. D. moritzianum

– Largest pinnules lobed 1/4–1/2 to the costules; indusia linear, 2.5–4 mm long; scales of costae and costules with weakly and irregularly ciliolate margins; blades usually bearing buds .................................................................................................. D. wolfii

23 Indusia thick, bicolorous, dark to pale brown and blackish near line of attachment ........................................................ D. bicolor

– Indusia thin-textured, essentially concolorous ............................................................................................................................... 24

24 Indusial margins erose to ciliate ..................................................................................................................................................... 25

– Indusial margins entire (may split irregularly at maturity) ............................................................................................................. 27

25 Fronds to 35 cm long; blades 2-pinnate; pinnae, especially the proximal ones, strongly falcate-ascending, to 6 cm long ................ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... D. bipinnatum

– Fronds 60–150 cm long; blades 2-pinnate-pinnatisect or more divided; pinnae straight or only slightly curved, 15–25 cm long .... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

26 Ultimate segments 6–14 × 2–6 mm; buds lacking ....................................................................................................... D. buchtienii

– Ultimate segments 8–16 × 4–8 mm; buds in axils of pinnae or pinnules usually present ........................................ D. diplazioides

27 Blades 2-pinnate, pinnules of larger pinnae crenate or lobed, cut 1/2 or less to the costules, free portions of segments (if any) usually about as long as broad ..................................................................................................................................... D. ambiguum

– Blades proximally 2-pinnate-pinnatifid or more divided, pinnules of larger pinnae cut 3/4 or more to the costules, free portions of segments usually 1.5–4 times as long as broad .............................................................................................................................. 28

28 Indusia pouchlike; veins usually 4–5 pairs per ultimate segment; free portions of ultimate segments about 1.5 times as long as broad ..................................................................................................................................................................................... D. hians

– Indusia flat; veins 6–8 pairs in larger segments; free portions of ultimate segments 2–4 times as long as broad ......................... 29

29 Scales of costae and costules red-brown, broadly ovate ............................................................................................ D. bolivianum

– Scales of costae and costules orange, filiform to linear ................................................................................................ D. divergens