Herminium macrophyllum (D. Don) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 328. 1932.

Raskoti, Bhakta Bahadur, Schuiteman, Andre, Jin, Wei-Tao & Jin, Xiao-Hua, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Herminium L. (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae), PhytoKeys 79, pp. 1-74 : 28

32. Herminium macrophyllum (D. Don) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 328. 1932. Figs 6G, P , 7G , 8P , 9F, G , 11B

Herminium congestum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t.1499.1832. Type: NEPAL. Gossain Than, 1821, Wallich N., 7068 (Holotype: K-LINDL! [K000079039]; Isotypes K-WALLICH! [K001126683], K!, E! E00188162], BM! [BM000034357], E! [E00188162]).

Spiranthes macrophylla (D. Don) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 708.1826.

Peristylus macrophyllus (D. Don) Lawkush, Vik. Kumar & Bankoti, Indian J. Forest. 36(3): 388. 2013.

Peristylus duthiei var. inayatii Deva & H.B. Naithani, Orchid Fl. N.W. Himalaya 185.1986, syn. nov. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh District, Kumaon, Ralam Valley; 19.8.1900; Inayat 24103 (Holotype: DD).

Basionym.

Neottia macrophylla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 27. 1825

Type.

NEPAL. 1819, Wallich N. s.n. (Holotype: BM! [BM000034355]) .

Description.

Plant 8-25 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, 6-15 × 5-10 mm. Stem with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths and 2-3 leaves at base. Leaves oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, 3-10 × 0.6-2 cm, apex subacute to obtuse. Inflorescence 6-15 cm; peduncle cylindrical, without or rarely with 1 foliaceous peduncle-scale; rachis 2-9 cm, subdensely flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, 1-3 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acute. Flowers white or green, or green with white tips; pedicel and ovary twisted, hooked at apex, 3-6 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate, 0.5-2 × 0.8-1.2 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals oblong, 1.5- 2 × 0.5-1 mm, apex acute. Petals obliquely ovate-triangular, fleshy, 1.5-2 × 0.7-1.2 mm, apex acute. Lip ovate-lanceolate, 1.6-3 × 0.6-1 mm, with spur like globose saccate base, dilated, disk at base concave, with a single raised crest, indistinctly 3-lobed at base; lateral lobes obscure, margin crenulate, mid-lobe ovate-triangular, 0.5 × 0.5 mm, apex acute. Column ca. 1 mm; pollinia subglobose; caudicles short, viscidia involute, hornlike, rostellum triangular, stigma transversely oblong, situated below the rostellum.

Flowering time.

June-August.

Habitat.

Terrestrial in Quercus - Abies forests and on alpine grassy slopes and meadows at elevations of 2400-4620 m.

Distribution.

Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan.

Notes.

This species has often been confused with H. duthiei , which we consider to be a synonym of H. josephi . Most specimens identified as H. duthiei in the past are referrable to H. macrophyllum .

Specimens examined.

BHUTAN: Pele-la and Ri-Tang , 2500-3350 m, 30.06.1938, Gould R. J., 735 (K); Sela-la, 3962 m, 30.06.1971, Ramesh Bedi, 349 (K) ; Gasa, Robluthang , 4620 m, 25.07.2000, Miehe G. and Miehe S., 00-239-10 (K) ; Bumthang, between Gorsuem and Tsochen Chen , 3660 m, 22.06.2000, Miehe G. and S., 00-119-02 (K) ; Paro, Chomolhari Chu , 4060 m, 05.07.2000, Miehe G. and Miehe S., 00-161-09 (K) .

CHINA: Tibet, Gyirong county, 3800 m, 16.07.1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 6388 (PE); Gyirong county , 3400 m, 22.06.1972, Tibetan Herb Survey Team, 494 (PE); Champilang, 3650 m, 01.08.1936, Spencer Chapman F., 818 (K) .

INDIA. Sikkim, Lachen, 07-08.1849, 3350-3650 m, Hooker J. D., 265 (K, K-LINDL); sine loc., 3950-4250 m, Hooker J.D., 266 (K); Nathula Range, 4300 m, 28.06.1985, Lachuypa S. T., 31 (K); Singalila, 3050 m, 08.1896, Lachen Valley , 3650 m, 08.1895 & 97, Lachong Valley , 2750 m, 07.1897, Pantling R., 384 (K); Chemathang, 4250, 25.06.1983, Starling et al., A. G.S. E.S. 138 (K) ; Uttarakhand, Garhwal, Kidar Kantha , 4570 m, 11.06.1904, Drummond J.R., 22792 (K) .

NEPAL: Dhaulagiri, Mustang District, Thorong Phedi 4500 m, 20.08.1999, Mikage M., Yoshimitsu M., Kaneda A., Mouri C., Tatsukawa S., Asada Y., Senoo M.,9962979 (KATH) ; Karnali, Mugu District, Chankheli lekh, 3250 m, 13.08.1985, Shakya P. R., Subedi N. N. and Uprety R., 8600 (KATH); Gandaki Zone Kaski District , Birethanti-Ghorepani, 3100 m, 12.07.1983, Rajbhandari K. R.,7667 (KATH); Langtang, Palpa, 3550 m, 07.09.1986, Miehe G. and S., 11011 and 11034 (K); Serpagaon-Langtang, 2750 m, 13.07.1967, Malla, s.n. (K); Taplejung, Ghunsa, 3400 m, 26.09.1985, Damant, 96 (K); Ringmo-Taksindhu, 3000 m, Banerjee and Shakya P.R., 5567 (K); Kunde, Khumbu, 3950 m, 27.07.1966, Schilling A.D., 948 (K); east of Jumbesi , above Ringmo, Sola, 2800 m, 22.07.1966, Schilling, A.D., 1032 (K); Yalung, 4100 m, 22.06.1969, Shrestha T.B., 15837 (K); Kalingchok, 12.09.1970, Kanai, Chuma and Nagano, 674065 (K); environs of Ghunsa, 3520 m, 08.09.1989, Crawford S. et al., KEKE 431 (K); Tharepati, east of Kathmandu , 3200 m, 27.06.1973, Grey-Wilson and Phillips, 179 (K); Lisue,. 3200 m, Itoh and Rajbhandari, 1118 (K) .

Figures

Figure 6. Dorsal sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. handelii L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. mannii R H. biporosum.

Figure 7. Lateral sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. gracile L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. lanceum R H. biporosum.

Figure 8. Petal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. josephi H H. coiloglossum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. himalayanum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. ophioglossoides O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. ecalcaratum R H. biporosum

Figure 9. Lip of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. macrophyllum G H. macrophyllum H H. alaschanicum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. longilobatum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. lanceum O H. quinquelobum P H. kamengense Q H. coiloglossum R H. biporosum.

Figure 11. Pollinia structure in Herminium. A H. josephi B H. macrophyllum C H. pygmaeum D H. handelii E H. lanceum F H. fallax G H. forceps H H. latilabre I H. coeloceras.