Xynobius azonius Han & van Achterberg, 2024

Han, Yunjong, van Achterberg, Cornelis & Kim, Hyojoong, 2024, Four new species of the genus Xynobius Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae) from South Korea, ZooKeys 1193, pp. 219-243 : 219

Xynobius azonius Han & van Achterberg sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2-12

Type material.

Holotype. ♀ (KSNU), "South Korea: Amnam, Seo-gu, Busan, 35°04'48.6"N, 129°00'59.2"E, 14.v.2020, SW [= collected by sweeping], Hyojoong Kim leg., KSNU".

Diagnosis.

Antennal segments of ♀ ~ 35 and subapical segments dark brown; frons laterally and temple in dorsal view black; eye 1.6 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 7 ); precoxal sulcus coarsely crenulate (Fig. 3 ); notauli absent on mesoscutal disc; pterostigma elliptical (Fig. 2 ); veins r and 2-SR of fore wing ~ 0.7 and 2.5 × as long as vein m-cu, respectively; fore wing subhyaline; first metasomal tergite ~ 1.4 × longer than its apical width (Fig. 5 ); second tergite smooth; fifth-seventh metasomal tergites yellow posteriorly, without apical dark brown band; ovipositor sheath short and comparatively robust (Fig. 10 ).

Description.

Female; length of body nearly 2.9 mm, of fore wing 3.0 mm.

Head. Antenna with 35 segments and 1.1 × as long as body (Fig. 12 ); third segment of antenna 2 × longer than wide, as long as fourth segment of antenna; eye 1.6 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 7 ); stemmaticum shiny and smooth; vertex shiny, smooth and moderately setose posteriorly; frons with depression medially and remainder shiny and smooth; face shallowly punctate and densely setose (Fig. 6 ); median keel present up to between antennal sockets; clypeus 2.3 × wider than its maximum height; clypeus smooth and densely setose, protruding in lateral view; hypoclypeal depression present; malar sulcus absent; occipital carina absent medio-dorsally; mandible twisted, triangular in lateral view and gradually widened basally.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.4 × longer than its height (Fig. 3 ); pronope elliptical and deep (Figs 4 , 7 ); propleuron largely smooth and propleuron flange protruding posteriorly (Fig. 3 ); mesopleuron largely shiny and smooth, but precoxal sulcus crenulate, wide and reaching epicnemial area; epicnemial area distinctly crenulate; pronotal side largely smooth with crenulate groove anteriorly and posteriorly; mesopleural sulcus crenulate; anterior groove of metapleuron crenulate; metapleuron coarsely rugose and densely setose; notauli absent on disc of mesoscutum, except deep and crenulate impressions anteriorly (Fig. 4 ); mesoscutum shiny, smooth and sparsely setose along imaginary notaulic courses and around medio-posterior depression; scutellum shiny, smooth and rather convex; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum round; scutellar sulcus crenulate, medium-sized; propodeum sparsely setose with short medio-longitudinal carina anteriorly, transverse carinae, areola, and remainder area shiny and smooth (Figs 4 , 8 , 9 ); inside of areola of propodeum reticulate-rugose.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 2 ): pterostigma elliptical and narrowed apically; vein 1-M curved; vein 1-SR+M slightly sinuate; vein 3-SR angled with vein r, converged with vein 2-M and 1.6 × longer than vein 2-SR; vein 2-SR straight and oblique; vein SR1 straight; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 5: 21: 41; vein m-cu postfurcal; vein CU1b medium-sized; first subdiscal cell closed. Hind wing: vein m-cu pigmented and curved basally; vein 1r-m 0.5 × as long as vein 1-M; vein 2-M only pigmented.

Legs. Hind femur 3.9 × longer than its maximum width (Fig. 11 ).

Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 1.4 × longer than its apical width (Fig. 9 ); first tergite slightly widened apically, dorsal carinae converging medially and its surface with longitudinal striate; dorsope distinctly developed (Figs 5 , 9 ); second metasomal suture superficially indicated dorsally (Fig. 5 ); second tergite shiny and smooth with a pair of oblique depressions anteriorly; following tergites shiny, smooth, with subposterior row of setae; setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.3 × as long as first metasomal tergite (Figs 1 , 10 ).

Colour. Body, black; scape of antenna, clypeus, mandible, propleuron, second, sixth, and seventh tergites brown; flagellar segments of antenna, hind tibia, and tarsus dark brown; remainder of legs and palpi pale yellowish; pterostigma and vein of wings greyish brown; wings subhyaline.

Distribution.

South Korea.

Biology.

Unknown.

Etymology.

The new species is named for not having the isolated dark brown bands on the fourth-seventh tergites as in the similar X. polyzonius (Wesmael, 1835); “a” is Greek for not and “zone” is Greek for girdle or band.

Remarks.

This species runs to the genus Xynobius Foerster because of the dorsope at the base of the first tergite, vein 3-SR of the fore wing distinctly longer than vein 2-SR, the mandible more or less twisted medially, symmetrical basally and its second tooth hardly or not visible in lateral view, the hypoclypeal depression distinctly developed and the propleuron without oblique carina ( van Achterberg 2023). However, it does not run well in the key by Tobias (1998) by having the notauli reduced (absent on mesoscutal disc and only a pair of crenulated impressions anteriorly), the mesoscutum smooth and sparsely setose, the medio-longitudinal carina and areola on the propodeum (with inner area of areola coarsely rugose), the first metasomal tergite comparatively stout (1.3 × longer than its apical width) and the smooth and yellowish brown second tergite. Actually, the new species is similar to X. polyzonius (Wesmael, 1835) from which is differs by having ~ 35 antennal segments (♀: 24-31 in X. polyzonius ), frons laterally and temples in dorsal view black (yellowish brown); veins r and 2-SR of fore wing ~ 0.7 × and 2.5 × as long as vein m-cu, respectively (0.5 × and 1.6 ×, respectively) and fifth-seventh metasomal tergites without dark brown apical band (isolated bands present).

Figures

Figure 1. Xynobius azonius Han & van Achterberg sp. nov., holotype, ♀, habitus, lateral.

Figures 2 - 12. Xynobius azonius Han & van Achterberg sp. nov., holotype, ♀ 2 wings 3 mesosoma, lateral view 4 mesosoma, dorsal view 5 metasoma, dorsal view 6 head, anterior view 7 head, dorsal view 8 propodeum, dorsal view 9 1 st metasomal tergite, dorsal view 10 ovipositor and sheath, latero-ventral view 11 hind leg 12 antenna.