Dohrnemesa oliveirai, Gil-Santana, Hélcio R. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2016

Gil-Santana, Hélcio R. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2016, A new species of Dohrnemesa from Brazil, with notes on the male of D. carvalhoi and on D. albuquerquei (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae), Zootaxa 4173 (6), pp. 583-595 : 588-591

Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov.

( Figs. 13–35 )

Diagnosis. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov. can be readily differentiated from other species of Dohrnemesa by its coloration, which, is almost completely light brown, with the exception of the lighter-colored antennal segment IV, fore and mid femorotibial articulations, prothoracic supracoxal lobes and lateral margins of the stridulitrum; other congeners are conspicuously marked ( Wygodzinsky 1966). Another diagnostic character of the new species is the vestiture comprising very long and very numerous, thin, light-colored setae, thus contrasting with the “more or less numerous interspersed slender hairs” (thin, long setae) that have been recorded in other species of Dohrnemesa ( Wygodzinsky 1966).

Description. Male. Measurements (mm): total length: to tip of abdomen 12.5; to tip of forewings 14.5; head: length 1.2; length of anteocular portion 0.5; length of postocular portion 0.2; lengths of antennal segments: I: 6.5; II: 5.8; III: 0.8; IV: 1.8; lengths of labial segments: II [first visible]: 0.5; III: 0.45; IV: 0.7. Thorax: pronotum: length of fore lobe 2.1; length of hind lobe 1.5; width at posterior margin 1.2; length of forewing 9.6. Fore legs: length of coxa 1.9; length of femur 4.3, maximum width of femur 0.2; length of tibia 3.8; length of tarsus 0.45; middle legs: length of femur 8.5; length of tibia 12.6; length of tarsus 0.45; hind legs: length of femur 11.1; length of tibia 17.5; length of tarsus 0.45. Abdomen: length 6.7; maximum width 1.3.

Coloration: light brown, except for antennal segment IV, fore and mid femorotibial articulations, prothoracic supracoxal lobes and lateral margins of stridulitrum, which are light-colored (yellow-whitish to whitish). Vestiture: head, first antennal segment, thorax, coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae covered with very numerous and long thin setae, and with a short and very dense pubescence formed by thin, curved setae ( Figs. 13–17 ). The setae are pale, from yellowish to golden-yellowish. Antennal segment I with setae of intermediate length between the adpressed setae of the pubescence and longer setae; these intermediate setae lie somewhat parallel to the segment ( Fig. 17 ); segments II– IV covered with short, adpressed, straight or somewhat curved, thin setae ( Figs. 18–21 ); eight trichobothria were observed on segment II, seven of them in its basal portion. One in its middle third. Labium: segment II (first visible) with somewhat numerous moderately short setae; segment III with some very short setae ventrally; segment IV glabrous. Hind lobe of pronotum somewhat less setose on central portion dorsally. Scutellum and spine of metanotum with numerous moderately short, thin setae ( Fig. 16 ). Forewing: basal plates with groups of moderately long, thin setae ( Fig. 26 ); costal vein with long, thin setae, which are more numerous on basal half and sparse on median third ( Figs. 26–27 ); some long, thin setae at basal portion of PCu+1A vein too ( Fig. 26 ); remainder of the fore wing and hind wing glabrous. Ventral surface of fore femora with two series (posteroventral and anteroventral) of spine-like setae ( Fig. 22 ).

Posteroventral series beginning at base of femur, composed of large and small spiniferous processes; large processes with lighter base and darkened distal spiny portion, numbering about sixteen elements, subequal in size, the most basal of which with its apex inclined ( Fig. 22 ); among these large processes, several small spiniferous processes; at apical portion of femur, the larger processes are absent and the others are smaller. Anteroventral series beginning somewhat apicad of posteroventral one ( Fig. 22 ), not interrupted at base, composed of around eleven medium-sized spiniferous tubercles, among which there are also several sharp small spines. Posteroventral series accompanied by numerous long, slender, sclerotized setae, which become shorter at distal portion. Fore tibiae with numerous stiff setae on subapical dorsal depression ( Fig. 23 ); ventral surface with about twenty larger spiniferous processes, subequal in size, most of which with lighter base and darkened spiny distal portion, among which numerous small sharp spines ( Figs. 23–24 ); long ventral setae somewhat straighter and more sclerotized; a cluster of stiff somewhat curved golden setae on apical extremity, ventrally ( Figs. 23–24 ). Tarsi covered with moderately long setae ( Fig. 24 ). Vestiture of abdomen similar to that of thorax ( Fig. 15 ), but there are also many setae of intermediate length between the short setae that form the pubescence and the longer setae.

Structure. Integument moderately shiny. Head ( Figs. 13–14 ) elongated; anteocular portion longer than postocular; transversal (interocular) sulcus deep, situated somewhat posteriad to middle of eyes; eyes globose, prominent in dorsal view ( Fig. 14 ), reaching dorsal outline of head at interocular sulcus and slightly surpassing ventral outline of head ventrally. Antenna inserted somewhat closer to apex of head than to the eyes; antennal segments progressively thinner, very slender ( Figs. 13 , 17–21 ); segments I–III straight ( Figs. 17–20 ); segment IV somewhat curved, with apex fusiform ( Fig. 21 ). First two visible labial segments thicker than the distal segment ( Fig. 13 ); apex of segment III at level of midportion of eye ( Fig. 13 ); segment IV ending at level of anterior portion of stridulitrum. Thorax: pronotum pedunculate ( Fig. 13 ); fore lobe approximately 1.4 times longer than hind lobe, elongate, somewhat oval on anterior portion ( Fig. 14 ); anterior projections of collar rounded; transverse interlobar sulcus faint; hind lobe bell-shaped in dorsal view; lateral margins of stridulitrum conspicuous. Humeral angles rounded and somewhat elevated. Spine of scutellum somewhat elongated, directed backwards, horizontal, apex obtuse ( Fig. 16 ); spine of metanotum of approximately the same length as the spine of scutellum, similar shape but directed upwards ( Fig. 16 ). Fore legs slender ( Fig. 13 ); fore coxae elongated, almost as long as fore lobe of pronotum; fore femora about 21 times as long as its greatest width, almost straight but slightly curved at midportion; fore tibiae slightly shorter than fore femora, somewhat curved and about half the thickness of the fore femora at their midportion; slightly depressed in dorsal portion subapically; thickened at apex, where the inner surface is somewhat flattened and has a very small subdistal pecten ( Figs. 23–24 ). Mid and hind legs very long and slender, with tibiae somewhat thinner than femora and slightly curved in distal third. Tarsi short, three-segmented, slender ( Fig. 24 ). Forewings surpassing apex of abdomen by approximately 2.0 mm, venation as in Figs. 25–27 ; basal cell subtriangular, with its base narrowly truncated and with two basally veins emitted from its base ( Fig. 25, 27 ); the outer vein shorter ( Figs. 25–26 ); PCu meeting basal cell slightly before its inner distal angle ( Figs. 25, 27 ); pterostigma ending far from apex of the wing ( Fig. 25 ). Hind wings badly damaged therefore venation could not be observed. Abdomen: slender, sides parallel. Last tergite with a short tongue-shaped prolongation posteriorly, with a rounded posterior margin, slightly approaching tip of pygophore ( Fig. 28 ). Eight sternite with numerous long setae on its exposed portion, covering approximately two thirds of the pygophore, ventrally; anterior margin curved backwards at mid portion; posterior margin straight. Male genitalia ( Figs. 29–35 ): pygophore subrectangular in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 29 ), with numerous long setae on distal third (i.e. on naturally exposed surfaces); anterior dorsal sclerotization narrow; basal margin curved backwards on midportion ventrally ( Fig. 29 ); posterior process triangular, apex subrounded ( Fig. 30 ). Parameres symmetrical, curved and with moderate long and non-numerous setae in distal half; apex subrounded ( Fig. 31 ). Phallus symmetrical. Basal arms of articulatory apparatus very short ( Figs. 33–34 ); basal plate extension elongated, somewhat narrower towards apical half ( Fig. 34 ); struts long, elongated, and almost entirely fused, divided at extreme base and apex, at the latter more broadly, with apical margins rounded ( Fig. 34 ). A pair of elongated large ventral sclerotizations on phallosoma (= ventral sclerotization of phallobase sensu Wygodzinsky 1966) ( Fig. 34 ), which also have a submedian prolongation directed laterally; between the latter and struts, a pair of elongated, thin and somewhat sclerotized processes, with arms parallel in proximal half and divergent in distal half; apex acute ( Fig. 35 ). These processes lie on a denser and rough subrectangular layer of tissue, with a subrounded smoother base ( Fig. 35 ). Endosoma wall smooth ( Fig. 32 ).

Distribution. Brazil, state of Pará.

Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Marcus Paulo de Oliveira, biospeleologist, for his contributions to the knowledge of the ferruginous caves of Carajás region, northern Brazil.

Specimen examined. MALE HOLOTYPE: BRAZIL, Pará, Parauapebas, Cave GEM, 1756, (50º8'12.110"W 6º7'58.369"S), 7.iv.2011, Marcus Paulo de Oliveira leg., 1 male ( MNRJ).

Bionomics. The cave GEM 1756 (also known as cave N5SM2-040) has a length of 186 meters and it is in a dendritic “canga” (a superficial ferruginous breccia). It is located in a well-preserved area inside the Carajás National Forest. The cave has a large entrance that provides shelter for many invertebrates inhabiting the forest, which thus are not true cave-dwelling species. The holotype of Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov. was found near the main cave entrance, around 6 meters from it, in a disphotic zone. Although 102 caves have been sampled in the region (known as “Morro II”), in both the dry and the rainy seasons, only one specimen was found. This strongly suggests that the finding of this species was probably accidental and its main habitat is more likely to be the forest rather than the caves. It is important to emphasize that although members of Emesinae are common in Brazilian caves, not all the species can establish populations in those habitats.

Figures

FIGURES 13 – 16. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov., male holotype, 13, head, fore legs and thorax, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm, 14, head and fore lobe of pronotum, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm, 15, abdomen, scale bar 2.0 mm, 16, scutellum and metanotum, lateral view, sct, scutellum, sm, spine of metanotum.

FIGURES 17 – 24. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov., male holotype, 17 – 21, antenna, lateral view, scale bar 0.3 mm, 17, segment I, midportion, 18, apical and basal portions of segments I and II, respectively, 19, segment II, midportion, 20, apex of segment II, segment III and basal portion of segment IV, 21, segment IV, except basal portion, 22, fore femur, basal two thirds, latero ventral view, 23 – 24, lateral view, scale bar 0.3 mm, 23, fore tibia, apical fourth, 24, apex of fore tibia and fore tarsus.

FIGURES 25 – 27. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov., male holotype, forewing, 26 – 27, scale bar 1.0 mm, 26, basal portion, 27, subbasal portion.

FIGURES 28 – 32. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov., male holotype, 28, apex of abdomen, dorsal view, 29 – 30, pygophore and parameres, 29, ventral view, 30, posterior view, 31, left paramere, scale bar 0.2 mm, 32, phallus, lateral view.

FIGURES 33 – 35. Dohrnemesa oliveirai sp. nov., male genitalia, scale bar 0.2 mm, 33 – 34, ventral view, 33, articulatory apparatus and basal portion of basal plate extension, 34, articulatory apparatus, basal plate extension, struts and median portion of ventral sclerotizations of the phallosoma, 35, paired process of endosoma, dorsal view.