Stoebe fusca (Linnaeus) Thunberg (1800: 170)

Koekemoer, Marinda, 2016, A monograph of Stoebe and Seriphium (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) in southern Africa and neighbouring islands, Phytotaxa 242 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

5. Stoebe fusca (Linnaeus) Thunberg (1800: 170) . Seriphium fuscum Linnaeus (1753: 928) . Type:—[icon] Eupatorium ericoides capitis bonae spei in Breynius, Exot. Pl. Cent: t. 69, 1678 (lectotype, designated by Koekemoer in Jarvis & Turland (1998: 367)). The plate in Breynius (1678) was selected because it is an acceptable illustration of St. fusca showing individual capitula that can be distinguished in the synflorescence.

= Seriphium fuscum var. oligocephalum Schultz Bipontinus (1844: 694) . Type :— SOUTH AFRICA. Tafelberg, 2000 ft., May 1838, Krauss s.n. (P!, lectotype, designated here, with a label in Schultz Bipontinus’ hand).

Taxonomic note: Linnaeus (1767) stated that Seriphium fuscum is a synonym of Stoebe ericoides Bergius , but in his description he mentioned that the capitula are one-flowered. Stoebe ericoides Bergius has two florets and is now a synonym of Disparago ericoides (Bergius) Gaertner. Our examination of the types leaves no doubt that Linnaeus made this synonymy erroneously.

Erect, small, much-branched shrubs, up to 0.3 m tall, or larger, densely entangled, up to 0.4 m tall or lowspreading, sparsely branched shrublets. Branches densely or sparsely leafy, often covered with a grey cobwebby indumentum. Leaves very variable, 2–8 mm long; ericoid; basally adpressed, upper part spreading or reflexed; straight, curling or twisting; tips mucronate or obtuse; abaxial surface cobwebby when young. Synflorescences terminal, capitula in loose globose, subglobose or funnel-shaped clusters, occasionally with some subterminal aggregations, mostly clearly distinguishable. Capitula homogamous, discoid, 1-flowered. Receptacle reduced, old receptacles covered in hairs and involucre bases so that individual capitulum stalks are not visible. Involucral bracts 13–16, bright yellow, chaffy or tinged plum-red in upper part; in several rows, outermost short, leafy, green, woolly; inner longer, slightly exceeding the sinuses of the corolla tube, scarious, with a thicker, central area and thinner margins that often tear with age, obtuse or subacute. Florets bisexual, bright pink or occasionally pale pink,

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tube 4 mm long; corolla lobes spreading, 1.2 mm long. Stamens 5, apical appendages lanceolate, very often exserted from tube in mature florets; basally tailed. Style bifid, branches shorter than the corolla lobes, base very slightly swollen. Nectaries present. Cypselas indistinctly 5-ribbed, covered with adpressed, shaggy hairs; hairs tapering towards the tips. Pappus setae 15–18, a little shorter than the floret and involucre; dehiscing very tardily; setae fused at the base, with a few spreading barbs; plumose almost from the base; plumes soft, flexible, somewhat tufted at the tips. Flowering March and April, occasionally in February, May and June.

Distribution and habitat: —Western and Northern Cape, west of the meridian 20?. Figure 23 .

Ecology: —Rocky to sandy areas in Table Mountain Sandstone soils, at elevations of 200–1400 m.

Conservation status: —Least Concern.

Notes: —This species is often very similar to Se. spiralis , but the latter has yellow florets with erect corolla lobes, whereas St. fusca has bright pink florets with spreading corolla lobes.

Additional specimens examined:— SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape. Without locality: Ecklon & Zeyher 170 (S); Ecklon & Zeyher 430 (S); Ecklon & Zeyher 450 (66.4) (S); Thunberg (S); Van Rhynsdorp, Snorkfontein (3118DC), 30 May 1938, Compton 7211 (NBG); Van Rhynsdorp , foot of Gifberg (3118DC), 3 April 1974, Goldblatt 1304 (K, NBG, PRE, S); Gifberg road, c. 100 m above the tar strip to the top (3118DD), 19 March 1996, Koekemoer 1204 (PRE); Top of Gifberg, 0.5 km from turn-off to Vondeling (3118DD), 19 March 1996, Koekemoer 1205 (PRE); Matsikamma mountain, 1 km on the road to Sewefontein (3118DD), 7 February 1992, Schutte 781

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(PRE); Clanwilliam div., Nardouw Kloof (3118DD), September 1947, Stokoe SAM63069 (SAM); Clanwilliam, Rondeklipheuvel, S of Klipfontein koppie (3218AD), 9 February 1978, Boucher 3619 (NBG, PRE); Pakhuis Pass, 15 km from Clanwilliam (3218BB), 21 March 1996, Koekemoer 1226 (PRE); Clanwilliam, lower slopes of Pakhuis Pass (3218BB), 7 March 1991, Koekemoer 584 (PRE); Vredenburg, 0, 9 miles from St Helena Bay to Slipper Bay, N facing slope overlooking sea, coastal strandveld (3218CA), 14 June 1967, Thompson 285 (NBG, PRE); Clanwilliam, Piketberg, N of Aurora (3218CB), 29 April 1971, Axelson 418 (NBG); Foot of Pakhuis Pass (3219AA), 5 May 1971, Van der Merwe 251 (K, NBG, PRE); Clanwilliam, Cederberg, Algeria Nat. Res (3219AC), 14 February 1936, Compton 6160 (NBG); Between Ezelbank & Wupperthal in the Cederberg (3219AC), 21 November 1995, Koekemoer 1108 (PRE); 1 km N of Algeria Forest Station, on Niewouds Pass (3219AC), 27 April 1981, Le Maitre 190 (NBG, PRE); Wupperthal, Cederberg State Forest, 520m (3219AC), 17 May 1983, Le Maitre 376 (PRE); Cederberg, between Matjiesrivier and Eselbank, c. 540 m (3219AD), 1 April 1988, B-E van Wyk 2828 (PRE); Ceres, new Elands Kloof Pass (3219CA), 7 April 1947, Compton 19455 (NBG); Clanwilliam div., W slopes of Olifants River Mountains at Thee River (3219CA), 17 April 1949, Esterhuysen 15331 (BOL, PRE); Clanwilliam, Apollo Peak, S. Cederberg slopes, sprawling shrubs (3219CA), 31 March 1956, Esterhuysen 25536 (PRE); Clanwilliam, Cederberge, Citrusdal, 9 miles E of Citrusdal, compact herb (3219CA), 3 April 1964, Hardy 1728 (K, PRE); Ceres, Zandfontein (3219CB), 6 April 1947, Barker 4469 (NBG); Wupperthal, Baliesgat, Ceres (3219CB), 14 May 1970, Hanekom 1381 (K, NBG, PRE); Farm Kromrivier, c. 2 km from torn-off from main road, on plateau above Kromrivier Pass (3219CB), 9 March 1991, Koekemoer 606 (PRE); Wupperthal, Gideonskop (3219CB), 22 April 1957, Stokoe s.n. (NBG); Clanwilliam, Krom River (3219CB), August 1949, Stokoe SAM63070 (SAM); Between Breekkrans River and MCSA werf at Breekkransfontein (3219CB), 7 May 1989, Taylor 12040 (NBG, PRE); Near Blomhof in Olifantsrivier Mt. via Dasklip Pass near Porterville (3219CC), 23 March 1996, Koekemoer 1247 (PRE); Ceres div., farm Zuurvlakte, E of Bokkeveld Sneeuwkop (3219CD), 20 April 1946, Esterhuysen 12685 (PRE); Wupperthal, 15–20 km before Katbakkies turn off from Ceres-Calvinia road (3219DC), 11 March 1981, CM van Wyk 485 (NBG, PRE); Malmesbury (3318BC), 28 April 1947, Compton 19460 (NBG); Malmesbury dist., Oude Post (3318BC), 24 April 1934, Salter 4411 (K); Pella Research site, Burgerspost (3318CB), 5 June 1986, Bossenberg & Rutherford 43 (NBG); Malmesbury, N of Atlantis on the road to Manresa Holiday Far (3318CB), 6 March 1991, Koekemoer 576 (PRE); Between Cape Town and Table Mountain (3318CD), 6 April 1811, Burchell 922 (K, P); Tafelberg bei Constantia (3318CD), Ecklon & Zeyher 1113 (85) (S); Gordons Bay (3318CD), 12 May 1894, Guthrie 3712 (NBG); Camps Bay (3318CD), MacOwen s.n. (NBG); Table Mountain, next to pipe track (3318CD), McKinnon 218 (NBG); Signal Hill, Sea Point side just below the sandstone (3318CD), April 1919, Michell s.n. (NBG); CBS, in monte Diaboli (3318CD), April 1831, Pappe s.n. (K); Table Mountain above Camps Bay (3318CD), July, Pappe SAM16826 (SAM); Mount Diaboli (3318CD), April, Pappe SAM16827 (SAM); Lions Head (3318CD), April 1937, Penfold SAM52339 (SAM); CBS, foot of Devils Peak, Cape Town (3318CD), Prior (K); Table Mountain, Camps Bay side (3318CD), March 1898, Thode 5883 (NBG); Cape Town (3318CD), 1886, Thode A16 (PRE); Cape Town (3318CD), March 1882, Tyson 2511 (SAM); Malmesbury dist., near Pella, Burgers Post farm (3318DA), 27 March 1979, Boucher / Shepherd 4299 (K, NBG, PRE); Modderkloof, Paardeberg (3318DB), 1 April 1982, Hugo 3007 (NBG, PRE); Paarl, Paarlberg, flowers pink (3318DB), 22 March 1962, P van der Merwe 944 (PRE); Cape Flats near Brackenfel (3318DC), 11 April 1934, Galpin 12635 (K, PRE); Rhenosterveld between Koelenhof and Mulder’s Vlei (3318DD), 26 April 1935, Acocks 4299 (S); Stellenbosch (3318DD), April 1853, Andersson s.n. (S); Jonkershoek, Swartboskloof, SE slope below watch-house (3318DD), 27 March 1964, Bos 1359 (K, NBG, PRE); Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, agter woonhuise op plat ronde kop (3318DD), 5 April 1976, Dryfhout 1610 (NBG); Stellenbosch (3318DD), 6 May 1940, Fairall 201 (NBG); Stellenbosch mountain slopes (3318DD), 27 April 1918, Garside 1088 (K); Jonkershoek, N slope of Stellenboschberg (3318DD), 26 April 1945, Jordaan s.n. (NBG); Jonkershoek, The Valley (3318DD), 28 March 1977, Kruger 246 (NBG, PRE); Stellenbosch, hillside (3318DD), March 1928, Markotter s.n. (NBG); Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek (3318DD), 15 April 1949, Morris 25 (NBG); Stellenbosch, Swartboskloof, dry mountain slopes on granite soil, sprouts after fire (3318DD), 4 May 1960, P van der Merwe 2168 (PRE); Stellenbosch, near Van der Stell railway station (3318DD), March 1931, Smith 6033 (PRE); Jonkershoek, roadside, Swartboskloof stream (3318DD), 2 April 1968, Taylor 7283 (NBG); On the Witzenberg range near Tulbagh (3319AC), 17 March 1811, Burchell 8644 (K, PRE); 25 km N of Wellington, Elandsberg Private Nature Reserve (3319AC), 28 April 1987, De Villiers 50 (NBG); Ceres div., Swart Ruggens Mts., near Karoopoort (3319BA), May 1952, Stokoe SAM65888 (SAM); Worcester, Verkeerdevlei, N of national road, not in rhenosterveld (3319BD), 13

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Phytotaxa 242 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 63 June 1975, Durand 12 (NBG, PRE); Worcester, Brandwacht valley in stony sand (3319CB), 9 May 1954, Esterhuysen 22904 (PRE); Slopes at base of Klein Drakenstein Mts. near farm Salem (3319CC/CA), 16 March 1931, Galpin 11033 (G, K, PRE, UPS); Sandy lower slopes at ‘Tierbos’, Hout Bay (3418AB), April 1934, Acocks 2817 (S); Cape Peninsula: Skoorsteenkop, rocky, sandy lower slopes, Tierbos (3418AB), March 1935, Acocks s.n. (S); Simonsberg, Cape Town (3418AB), April 1853, Andersson s.n. (S); At Wynberg (3418AB), 14 March 1811, Burchell 885 (K); Hills round Simons Town (3418AB), August 1841 –1844, Coll. Mrs. Hugh Jameson (K); Cape Peninsula, Slangkop (3418AB), 9 May 1942, Compton 13196 (NBG); Houtbaai in Wynberg, 500–1000’ (3418AB), 5 May 1826, Drege 5680 (P); Simons Town, mountain slopes (3418AB), 1895, Flanagan 2425 (SAM); Cape Peninsula, plateau on top of Kalk Bay Mountain (3418AB), 6 April 1974, Goldblatt 1365 (NBG, PRE, S); Cape Peninsula, along Ou Kaapse Weg, just below Silvermine Nature Reserve (3418AB), 26 February 1991, Koekemoer 531 (PRE); Constantiaberg, just above plantation where gravel ends (3418AB), 12 March 1991, Koekemoer 622 (PRE); Cape Peninsula, Red Hill, Simonstown (3418AB), 10 March 1940, Penfold 258 (NBG); Constantia, farm Bergvliet, Firgrove Hill (3418AB), 27 March 1919, Purcell SAM90465 (SAM); Constantia, farm Bergvliet, Ladies Mile (3418AB), 15 April 1916, Purcell SAM90466/7 (SAM); Constantia, farm Bergvliet, W of Firgrove Hill (3418AB), 31 March 1919, Purcell SAM90468 (SAM); Constantia, farm Bergvliet, hill at Smuts' (3418AB), 15 April 1916, Purcell SAM90469 (SAM); Constantia, farm Bergvliet, slope E of Lategan's vlei (3418AB), 26 March 1919, Purcell SAM90470 (SAM); Muizenberg (3418AB), April 1880, Tyson SAM 52093 (SAM); Hout Bay (3418AB), 29 March 1896, Wolley Dod 950 (K); CGHNR, sandy soil, neck between Bonteberg and Theeberg (3418AD), 1 April 1966, Taylor 6785 (NBG, PRE); Cape flats towards Maitland Bults. Flowers purple (3418BA), 3 April 1890, Guthrie 411 (BOL); Sir Lowrys Pass (3418BB), 29 March 1815, Burchell 8241 (K, P); Somerset West and False Bay, below 100' (Drege p. 112), Hooker Herb. (3418BB), April, Drege (K); Stellenbosch, Helderberg (3418BB), 18 April 1943, Parker 3795 (K, NBG); Caledon, Elgin (3419AA), 24 April 1943, Compton 14497 (NBG); Slopes above dam, Viljoens Pass, N of Grabouw (3419AA), 24 April 1974, Goldblatt 1659 (S); Houw Hoek, 1200’ (3419AA), 12 April 1896, Schlechter 7560 (E, G, P, PRE); Caledon div., Grabouw, Palmiet River (3419AA), December 1949, Stokoe SAM63067 (PRE, SAM); Hermanus, on the farm Perdekloof along the road leading to the farmhouse (3419AC), 1 March 1991, Koekemoer 553 (PRE); Caledon, Shaws Pass (3419AD), 20 April 1950, Barker 6104 (NBG); Caledon div., top of Shaws Pass (3419AD), April 1950, Lewis SAM65887 (PRE, SAM); Fernkloof Nat. Res., Hermanus, S facing lower slope (3419AD), 13 April 1979, Orchard 113 (NBG); 2 km on Boesmanskloof road between Genadendal and Greyton (3419CA), 30 March 1996, Koekemoer 1270 (PRE); S of Bottelary Rd., 16 miles, May 1932, Acocks 306 (S); In hard, white sandy soil between Klipheuvel and Durbanville, 19 April 1935, Acocks 4271 (S); Right hand side of Bottelary Rd. near gravel quarry, February 1932, Acocks 63 (S); Cap, Bergius (G); De Doorns, Hex River, April 1907, Bolus (Tvl Museum 11806; PRE44515) (PRE); In collibus prope Caledon, c. 1100’, April, Bolus 9904 (PRE); CBS, Bowie (K); Cape of Good Hope, Brown (E); Afr. Austr: CBS, Burmann Collection (G); Sandy flats between Paarden Island, Tygerberg and Blueberg, below 500' (Drege p. 112), Hooker Herb, May–August, Drege (K, S); CBS, Drege (G); Port Natal et Afr. Merid., Drege (G); Cap de Bonne Esp., Ecklon & Zeyher 499 (56.5) (G); Bergplätze bei der Kapstadt, bis 2000’, April, Ecklon & Zeyher 853 (64.4) (S); Cape flats, January, Flanagan PRE44504 (PRE); Habitat in Cape, Forster (K); South Africa, received September 1860, Grey (Admiral Sir F.) (K); CBS, Hooker (K); Tafelberg, 2000’, May 1858, Krauss s.n. (P); CBS, Lambert 1839 (K); Cape Town to Malmesbury rd., 30 miles from N9, 9 March 1973, Montgomery 387 (NBG); CBS, Mund (K); Olifants River Mountains, Citrusdal common, April 1927, Pole-Evans 10 (PRE); Hermanus, Mossel River, February 1922, Pole-Evans 459 (PRE); Table Mt., top of Skeleton Gorge, c. 2500’, 17 April 1899, Schönnberg 4886 (PRE); Cap, Sieber (G); Cape, Hills behind Witsand, 8 April 1928, Smuts PRE44546 (PRE); Cape, Hills behind Witsand, 8 April 1928, Smuts PRE44553 (PRE); Clanwilliam Div., Elandskloof, 20 August 1955, Stokoe s.n. (PRE44488) (PRE); Jonkershoek, 13 July 1946, Strey 927 (PRE); CBS, Thunberg (S); Worcester, 6 May 1947, Van Breda 14 (PRE); Prom. b. s., Wahlberg (S). Northern Cape. Calvinia (3119BD), 19 March 1948, Acocks 14158 (K, PRE); Calvinia, Lokenburg, TMS outcrop (3119CA), 11 June 1955, Comins 1162 (K, PRE, UPS); Nieuwoudtville, Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve, 680 m (3119CA), 9 May 1988, Pretorius 16 (NBG, PRE); Lokenburg, WSW of Calvinia, arid fynbos, c. 2100 ft. (3119CD), 1 August 1953, Acocks 16875 (PRE); Calvinia div., top of Botterkloof Pass (3119CD), April 1947, Lewis SAM63067 (PRE, SAM); Calvinia div., top of Botterkloof Pass (3119CD), April 1947, Lewis SAM63068 (SAM);

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Figures

FIGURE 23:—Known distribution of Stoebe fusca in South Africa.