Azaleothrips

Okajima, Shûji & Masumoto, Masami, 2014, Species-richness in the Oriental fungus-feeding thrips of the genus Azaleothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), Zootaxa 3846 (3), pp. 301-347 : 305-307

Key to Azaleothrips species

[Excluding bhattii and lineus , *indicates no type specimens studied]

1. Antennal segment III with two (1 + 1) sensoria; basantra present, but weak; S2 setae on abdominal tergite IX of male expanded at apex; fore tarsal tooth absent in both sexes............................................................... 2

- Antennal segment III with three (1 + 2) sensoria; basantra absent; S2 setae on abdominal tergite IX of male not expanded, often blunt but also pointed at apex; fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes, rarely absent in female.......................... 0

2. Antennal segment IV with two (1 + 1) sensoria......................................................... moundi

- Antennal segment IV with three (1 + 2) or four (2 + 2) sensoria................................................. 3

3. Antennal segment IV with three sensoria.................................................................. 4

- Antennal segment IV with four sensoria.................................................................... 5

4. Middorsum of head strongly reticulate ( Fig. 97 ); pronotum sculptured with lines of reticulation, which bear small tubercles postero-medially ( Fig. 100 ); metanotum polygonally reticulate ( Fig. 102 )............................ phuketanus sp.n.

- Middorsum of head asperate, reticles inconspicuous ( Fig. 130 ); pronotum distinctly sculptured with rows of small tubercles, asperate ( Fig. 131 ); metanotum longitudinally reticulate marginally, strongly asperate and without lines of reticulation medi- ally ( Figs 132 and 134 )...................................................................... simulans sp.n.

5. Metanotum asperate, without lines of reticulation medially..................................................... 6

- Metanotum entirely reticulate........................................................................... 7

6. Metanotum longitudinally reticulate or striate marginally ( Fig. 27 ); head usually longer than 1.2 times as long as wide; prono- tum with less than 35 short setae............................................................... bulelengi sp.n.

- Metanotum entirely asperate, without lines of reticulation or striation ( Fig. 75 ); head about 1.1 times as long as wide; pronotum with more than 37 short setae................................................................. luzonicus sp.n.

7. Head entirely reticulated; cheeks convex, distinctly constricted at base; S1 setae on tergite IX longer than 0.5 of tube length........................................................................................ vietnamensis sp.n.

- Middorsum of head asperate, with numerous small tubercles; cheeks rather straight; S1 setae on tergite IX shorter than 0.5 of tube length.......................................................................................... 8

8. Abdominal tergite VIII with pair of short and simply curved wing-retaining setae in addition to minute setae ( Fig. 5 ); tube about 0.7 times as long as head................................................................ apoensis sp.n.

- Abdominal tergite VIII only with minute setae; tube about 0.6 times as long as head, or shorter........................ 9

9. Both posterior wing-retaining setae on abdominal tergite IV closer apart, their distance is narrower than 1/3 of the tergite width; antennal segments VII + VIII about 1.4 times as long as segment VI; head about 1.2 times as long as wide ( Fig. 111 )......................................................................................... reticulatus sp.n.

- Both posterior wing-retaining setae on abdominal tergite IV wider apart, their distance is wider than 1/3 of the tergite width; antennal segments VII + VIII about 1.2 times as long as segment VI; head about 1.1 times as long as wide..... indonesiensis

10. Dorsal surface of head asperate, with minute tubercles among reticles (cf. Fig. 87 ); basal 1/4 to 1/2 of antennal segment VI yel- lowish (cf. Fig. 89 ), segments VII and VIII closely joined (cf. Fig. 88 ); fore tarsal tooth absent in female............... 11

- Dorsal surface not asperate, almost smooth or with delicate wrinkles among reticles; antennal segment VI entirely dark, or only basal neck paler, segment VIII usually distinct from segment VIII; fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes, but rarely absent in female, if absent S1 setae on tergite IX pointed in female................................................... 12

11. Metanotum yellowish at posterior half; mid femora largely yellow, often very weakly shaded with brown at middle of outer side; pelta weakly reticulate, almost smooth among reticles......................................... dorsalis sp.n.

- Metanotum entirely brown; mid femora brown, yellowish at apex; pelta distinctly reticulate, with wrinkles among reticles....................................................................................... mindanaoensis sp.n.

12. Head largely yellow, lateral and anterior margins brownish ( Fig. 54 ).................................. inflavus sp.n.

- Head brown to dark brown............................................................................. 13

13. Head sculptured with weak lines of reticulation, not heavy ( Figs 28 and 58 ); postocular setae long and slender, usually longer than 2/3 the length of compound eye; fore wing subbasal setae S3 longer than the width at median constriction of fore wing..................................................................................................... 14

- Not this combination of characters...................................................................... 15

14. Fore tibia with an inner tubercle or tooth at apex in female ( Fig. 32 ), with a blunt tubercle in large male ( Fig. 34 ); mesonotum reticulate, without any tubercles or microtrichia ( Fig. 31 ); S2 setae on abdominal tergite IX expanded at apex in female.............................................................................................. dentatus sp.n.

- Fore tibia without tubercle or tooth in both sexes ( Fig. 61 ); mesonotum with dentate microtrichia along transverse reticles; S2 setae on abdominal tergite IX sharply pointed at apex................................................. laevigatus

15. Fore femora yellow to pale brown, at least paler than head.................................................... 16

- Fore femora brown to dark brown, almost as dark as head, but often yellowish at apex............................. 24

16. S2 setae on abdominal tergite IX pointed in both sexes; male pore plate on abdominal sternite VIII interrupted medially ( Fig. 96 )................................................................................. .. philippinensis sp.n.

- S2 setae on tergite IX expanded at apex in female, usually pointed in male, rarely blunt, at least not expanded; male pore plate banded, not interrupted medially (cf. Figs 11 and 36 )......................................................... 17

17. At least posterior 1/2 of metanotum with polygonal reticulations...................................... templeri sp.n.

- Metanotum longitudinally reticulate or striate, not with polygonal reticulations.................................... 18

18. Fore coxae yellow.................................................................................... 19

- Fore coxae brown................................................................................... 20

19. Metathorax and hind coxae brown; abdominal segments III to V brown, slightly paler at middle........... flavicollis sp.n.

- Metathorax yellowish, but anterior 2/3 of metanotum brown, hind coxae yellow; abdominal segments III to V yellowish at middle, with brown markings at both sides........................................................ pulcher sp.n.

20. Antennal segment IV brown at middle, yellowish at base and apex......................................... amabilis

- Antennal segment IV brown, yellowish only at base......................................................... 21

21. Antennal segments VII + VIII more or less slender, about 3.0 times as long as wide, or a little longer.................. 22

- Antennal segments VII + VIII shorter..................................................................... 23

22. Pronotum brown, concolorous with head; head almost as long as wide ( Fig. 12 ); basal 1/4 of antennal segment IV yellowish; postocular setae shorter than half the length of compound eye; S1 setae on tergite IX shorter than half the length of tube in female....................................................................................... bali sp.n.

- Pronotum pale brown, paler than head; head a little longer than wide ( Fig. 50 ); basal neck (= only basal constriction) of anten- nal segment IV yellowish; postocular setae longer than half the length of compound eye; S1 setae on tergite IX longer than half the length of tube in female.................................................................. formosae sp.n.

23. Extreme base (= basal neck) of antennal segment IV yellowish; pronotum distinctly reticulate at middle............ lepidus

- Basal 1/4 of antennal segment IV yellowish; pronotum very weakly reticulate at middle.................. toshifumii sp.n.

24. Mesonotum with ciliate microtrichia along lines of sculpture........................................... aspersus *

- Mesonotum with small tubercles or dentate microtrichia along lines of sculpture................................... 25

25. Pronotum with small tubercles, with or without lines of reticulation............................................ 26

- Pronotum with lines of reticulation, without small tubercles................................................... 28

26. Head almost as long as wide ( Fig. 141 ).......................................................... taiwanus sp.n.

- Head distinctly longer than wide........................................................................ 27

27. Pronotum distinctly sculptured with rows of small tubercles ( Fig. 119 ); fore tarsal tooth absent in female; S2 setae on tergite IX pointed in female........................................................................... richardi sp.n.

- Pronotum distinctly sculptured with numerous small tubercles and lines, minutely tuberculate along lines ( Fig. 137 ); fore tarsal tooth present in female; S2 setae on tergite IX expanded in female.................................. sulawesicus sp.n.

28. Anal setae almost as long as tube, or shorter............................................................... 29

- Anal setae distinctly longer than tube..................................................................... 31

29. Antennal segment III entirely yellow ( Fig. 65 ); tube long, about 0.8 times as long as head in female; S1 setae on tergite IX much shorter than 0.5 of tube length.............................................................. laocai sp.n.

- Antennal segment III brownish yellow or yellowish brown at apical half; tube shorter, about 0.7 times as long as tube, or shorter; S1 setae on tergite IX almost as long as 0.5 of tube length, or shorter.................................... 30

30. Antennal segment IV brown, yellowish at basal 1/4, somewhat paler at apical 1/4 ( Fig. 7 ); anal setae almost as long as tube; S1 setae on tergite IX almost as long as half the length of tube; posterior pair of wing-retaining setae not enlarged; male pore plate on sternite VIII narrower, median short setae situated outside of this plate ( Fig. 11 )........................ atayal sp.n.

- Antennal segment IV brown, basal neck yellowish; anal setae shorter than tube; S1 setae longer than 0.5 of tube length; posterior pair of wing-retaining setae on tergites III– IV enlarged; male pore plate wider, but weak, median short setae situated inside of this plate........................................................................... malaya sp.n.

31. S2 setae on tergite IX pointed in female; male pore plate on sternite VIII interrupted medially ( Fig. 23 )....... bifidius sp.n.

- S2 setae on tergite IX expanded in female; male pore plate banded, uninterrupted medially.......................... 32

32. Anterior half of metanotum with 7 to 9 short setae; S1 setae on tergite IX shorter than 0.5 of tube length; fore femora yellowish at apex; mouth cone typical of the genus, not reaching mesopresternum ( Fig. 47 ) (distended condition)......... floresi sp.n.

- Anterior half of metanotum with 3 to 5 short setae; S1 setae on tergite IX longer than 0.5 of tube length; fore femora entirely brown; mouth cone longer, usually reaching mesopresternum ( Figs 125–128 ) (distended condition)............. siamensis

Figures

FIGURES 97 – 110. Azaleothrips species. phuketanus sp. n. female 97 – 103: (97) head; (98) antennal segments III & IV; (99) antennal segments VII & VIII; (100) pronotum; (101) right fore leg; (102) meso & metanotum; (103) tergite II. pulcher sp. n. 104 – 110: (104) head, female; (105) antennal segments VII & VIII, female; (106) pronotum, female; (107) right fore leg, female; (108) meso & metanotum, female; (109) tergite II, female; (110) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 130 – 140. Azaleothrips species. simulans sp. n. female 130 – 135: (130) head, macroptera; (131) pronotum, macroptera; (132) mesonotum, metanotum & pelta, macroptera; (133) tergite II, macroptera; (134) mesonotum, metanotum & pelta, microptera; (135) tergite II, microptera. sulawesicus sp. n. 136 – 140: (136) head, female; (137) pronotum, female; (138) meso & metanotum, female; (139) tergite II, female; (140) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 24 – 27. Azaleothrips bulelengi sp. n. female. (24) head; (25) antennal segments VII & VIII; (26) pronotum; (27) meso & metanotum.

FIGURES 73 – 76. Azaleothrips luzonicus sp. n. (73) head, female; (74) pronotum, female; (75) meso & metanotum, female; (76) tergite IX, male.

FIGURES 1 – 11. Azaleothrips species. apoensis sp. n. female 1 – 5: (1) head; (2) antennal segments VII and VIII; (3) pronotum; (4) meso & metanotum; (5) tergites VIII & IX. atayal sp. n. 6 – 11: (6) head, female; (7) antennal segments III & IV, female; (8) antennal segments VII & VIII, female; (9) pronotum, female; (10) meso & metanotum, female; (11) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 111 – 122. Azaleothrips species. reticulatus sp. n. female 111 – 116: (111) head; (112) antennal segments VII & VIII; (113) pronotum; (114) meso & metanotum; (115) tergite II; (116) tergite V. richardi sp. n., female 117 – 122: (117) head; (118) antennal segments VII & VIII; (119) pronotum; (120) right fore leg; (121) meso & metanotum; (122) tergite II.

FIGURES 87 – 96. Azaleothrips species. mindanaoensis sp. n. female 87 – 91: (87) head; (88) antennal segments III & IV; (89) antennal segments VII & VIII; (90) pronotum; (91) meso & metanotum. philippinensis sp. n. 92 – 96: (92) head, female; (93) pronotum, female; (94) meso & metanotum, female; (95) tergite II, female; (96) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 50 – 57. Azaleothrips species. formosae sp. n. female 50 – 53: (50) head; (51) pronotum; (52) antennal segments III & IV; (53) meso & metanotum. inflavus sp. n. female 54 – 57: (54) head; (55) antennal segments VII & VIII; (56) pronotum; (57) meso & metanotum.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Azaleothrips dentatus sp. n. (28) head, female; (29) antennal segments VII & VIII, female; (30) pronotum, female; (31) meso & metanotum, female; (32) right fore leg, female; (33) tergite II, female; (34) right fore leg, large male; (35) ditto, small male; (36) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 58 – 63. Azaleothrips laevigatus. (58) head, female; (59) pronotum, female; (60) mouth cone; female; (61) right fore leg, female; (62) tergite II, female; (63) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 12 – 18. Azaleothrips bali sp. n. (12) head, female; (13) antennal segments III & IV, female; (14) pronotum, female; (15) meso & metanotum, female; (16) head, male; (17) pronotum, male; (18) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 141 – 152. Azaleothrips species. taiwanus sp. n. female 141 – 146: (141) head; (142) antennal segments VII & VIII; (143) pronotum; (144) meso & metanotum; (145) right fore leg; (146) tergite II. templeri sp. n. female 147 – 152: (147) head; (148) antennal segments VII & VIII; (149) pronotum; (150) meso & metanotum; (151) right fore leg; (152) tergite II.

FIGURES 64 – 72. Azaleothrips species. laocai sp. n. female 64 – 67: (64) head; (65) antennal segments III & IV; (66) pronotum; (67) meso & metanotum. lepidus, female 68 – 72: (68) head; (69) pronotum; (70) mouth cone; (71) meso & metanotum; (72) tergite II.

FIGURES 19 – 23. Azaleothrips bifidius sp. n. (19) head, female; (20) pronotum, female; (21) meso & metanotum, female; (22) tergite II, female; (23) sternite VIII, male.

FIGURES 45 – 49. Azaleothrips floresi sp. n. female. (45) head; (46) pronotum; (47) mouth cone and basantra; (48) antennal segments III & IV; (49) meso & metanotum.

FIGURES 123 – 129. Azaleothrips siamensis, female. (123) head; (124) pronotum; (125 – 128) mouth cone; (129) meso & metanotum.