Pseudosmittia bifurcata (Tokunaga)

Saether, Ole A., 2006, Japanese Pseudosmittia Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae), Zootaxa 1198, pp. 21-51 : 27-29

Pseudosmittia bifurcata (Tokunaga)

( Figs. 1, 2 )

Spaniotoma (Smittia) bifurcata Tokunaga, 1936: 310 .

Spaniotoma (Orthosmittia) bifurcata (Tokunaga) ; Goetghebuer (1940 –1950: 110).

Pseudosmittia ogasatridecima Sasa et Suzuki, 1997a: 335 ; Yamamoto (2004: 89). Syn. n.

Material examined

KIRIBATI: Kiritinati (Christmas Island), Settlement , 10.25 o S, 105.41 o E, yellow trap, 1 ♂, 11.–30.iv.1989, J.S. Carsdale ( CSIRO) . JAPAN: Tokyo Metrop., Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Hahajima Island, Chibusi Dam , holotype ♂ of Pseudosmittia ogasatridecima , 19.iv.1996, H. Suzuki ( NMST, No. 308: 29) .

Diagnostic characters

Adult male wing with postcubital fork, inferior volsella with a proximal enlargement, antenna with a strong apical seta, mid tibia with single spur, 7 antepronotals and 22 dorsocentrals.

Description

Male (n = 2, except when otherwise stated). Total length 1.64 mm (1) (1.96–2.18 mm in Sasa & Suzuki 1997a). Wing length 0.83–1.06 mm. Total length/wing length 1.98 (1). Wing length/length of profemur 2.60–2.67. Coloration according to Sasa & Suzuki (1997b) largely dark brown and yellow in humeral and lateral areas, with scutellum, postnotum, legs and abdominal tergites entirely dark brown.

Head ( Sasa & Suzuki 1997a: fig. 13a). AR 0.50–0.76. Terminal flagellomere 150–244 m long, strong apical seta 37–45 m long. Temporal setae 4–6, consisting of 0–2 inner verticals, 4 outer verticals, no postorbitals. Clypeus with 10 setae. Tentorium 94–109 m long, 16–26 m wide. Stipes 82–105 m long, 26–27 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 21–23, 25–38, 50–60, 60–75, 89–116; third palpomere with 14 (1) sensilla clavata.

Thorax ( Sasa & Suzuki 1997a: fig. 13b, c). Median antepronotal lobes reduced, antepronotum with 1–2 lateral setae. Dorsocentrals 12–22 (12–16 in Sasa & Suzuki 1997a), acrostichals 2, prealars 5–7 (4–6 in Sasa & Suzuki 1997a), no supraalar seta. Scutellum with 8 setae.

Wing ( Fig. 1 ; Tokunaga 1936: fig. 1a; Sasa & Suzuki 1997a: fig. 13d). VR 1 1.55–1.79, VR 2 1.27–1.35. Anal lobe not projecting. Costal extension 0–11 m long. R 4+5 ending far proximal to apex of M 3+4; Cu 1 straight. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 2 seta, other veins bare.

Legs. Spur of fore tibia 34–53 m long, spur of middle tibia 30–32 m long, spurs of hind tibia 41–51 m and 25–26 m long ( Sasa & Suzuki 1997a: fig. 13e–g). Width at apex of fore tibia 21–30 m, of mid tibia 23–32 m, of hind tibia 34– 45 m. Comb of 12–13 setae, 25–41 m long. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1 .

Hypopygium ( Fig. 2 ; Tokunaga 1936: fig. 1b; Sasa & Suzuki 1997a: fig. 13j). Anal point triangular, pointed, 27–36 m long, with 8–14 lateral setae; laterosternite IX with 3–4 setae. Phallapodeme 48–69 m long, sternapodeme rounded without oral projections. Anterior sclerotized part of virga 23 m long, but apparently with some lateral and apical partly sclerotized parts resulting in a total length of 49 m. Gonocoxite 123–152 m long; superior volsella lobe­like, 24–26 m long, partly fused with 51–68 m long median volsella; inferior volsella adpressed to gonocoxite, 86 m long, reaching to apex of gonocoxite, without apparent accessory lobe. Gonostylus 70–97 m long, with basal group of 6 stiff setae 21 m long, crista dorsalis long and low, megaseta 8–9 m long. HR 1.56–1.77, HV 2.34 (1).

Female, pupa and larva. Unknown.

Ecology and distribution

Tokunaga (1936: 311) gives the habitat as the tidal zone of a gravely shore. The species is known from the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands ( Japan) and Christmas Island ( Kiribati).

Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi)

( Fig. 3 )

Smittia danconai Marcuzzi, 1947: 12 , (incorrect original spelling “ D’Anconai”).

Smittia hamata Freeman, 1956: 358 ; Saether and Ferrington (2003: 4).

Pseudosmittia hamata Strenzke, 1960: 433 .

Pseudosmittia neohamata Cranston in Ashe and Cranston, 1990: 223 , replacement name for P. hamata Strenzke.

Pseudosmittia jintuvicesima Sasa, 1996b: 72 ; Yamamoto (2004: 88). Syn. n.

Pseudosmittia seiryupequea Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998: 117 ; Yamamoto (2004: 89). Syn. n.

Material examined

JAPAN: Honshu, Toyama Pref., Niita at Jinshu River , holotype ♂ of P. jintuvicesima , 30.v.1989, M. Sasa ( NMST, No. 319: 99); Shikoku, Kochi Pref., Nishitosa­Mura, Ekawasaki, holotype ♂ of P. seiryupequea , 26.iv.1998 ( NMST, No. A 358: 80). In addition material from Germany, South Africa , Spain, Zimbabwe, and USA has been examined.

Diagnostic characters

The male imago differs from other known males of the genus by having R 4+5 ending proximal to apex of M 3+4, anal point absent, superior and median volsella fused forming a single appendage with projecting anterior­ and posteromedian corners, inferior volsella hooked, and an AR of 0.68–1.08. The female is characterized by having an LR 1 of 0.50–0.54 and presence of a strong apical seta on the last flagellomere of the antenna. The pupa is characterized by having strong shagreen anteriorly and posteriorly, no setae on anal segment, genital sac without spinules, tergal conjunctive II/III with 0–20 spinules, at least some other tergal conjunctives with more than 40 spinules, sternal conjunctive III/IV bare and VII/VIII with 33–51 spinules. The larva has 3 inner teeth on mandible, 4 pairs of lateral teeth on the mentum, posterior parapods each with 3 slender claws about 16 µm long, and the antennal blade about twice as long as the basal antennal segment.

Description The species will be redescribed in a world­wide revision of Pseudosmittia (in prep.).

Distribution The species is known from Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Lebanon, Japan, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and USA.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 1–2. P. bifurcata (Tokunaga) (holotype of P. ogasatridecima Sasa et Suzuki), wing (1), hypopygium (2). 3. P. danconai (Marcuzzi) (holotype of P. seiryupequea Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai), hypopygium. 4. P. forcipata (Goetghebuer) (holotype of P. mongolzeaea Sasa et Suzuki), hypopygium.