Euphoria inda (L., 1758)

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 93-95

Euphoria inda (L., 1758)

(Appendix 4: Fig. 54 )

Scarabaeus indus Linnaeus 1758: 352 . Original combination.

Holotype at UUZM, examined.

Cetonia marilandica von Frölich 1792: 116 .

Type not located.

Cetonia barbata Say 1824: 239 . Synonym.

Type not located.

Cetonia brunnea Gory and Percheron 1833: 63 . Synonym.

Type not located.

Euphoria inda var. nigripennis Klages 1894: 198 . Synonym.

Type at CUIC, not examined.

Goraqua smithsana Péringuey 1907: 358 . Synonym.

Holotype at Iziko Museum of Cape Town (formerly South African Museum ), not examined.

Euphoria rufobrunnea Casey 1915: 309 . Synonym.

Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Nineteen paralectotypes at UNSM, one examined.

Description (n = 2,201). Length 11.5–16.1 mm; width 6.9–9.6 mm. Color: Surface tomentous or shiny, pronotum black or with a complex pattern of black and yellowish-brown markings. Elytra yellowish brown with small to moderate, black, markings; markings abundant to scarce. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons densely punctate or strigose; punctures moderate in size, round, frequently confluent; surface rarely with 1 central depression or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by a weak, longitudinal ridge; densely setose; setae, long, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, punctate, strigose, or strigopunctate; punctures as on frons; sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish; lateral margins weakly to moderately raised, subparallel to subparabolic, apex weakly reflexed in both sexes, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely sinuate in frontal view. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size at middle, denser and larger towards sides, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish, distributed in irregular patches. Midline, pronotal base, and irregularly shaped areas on each side of midline impunctate and glabrous. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, glabrous, longer than wide, apex pointed. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate to irregular in shape, small to moderate in size, distributed in 2–3 rows on striae. Glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Costae weakly to moderately raised. Posterior half of sutural costa elevated. Pygidium: Surface frequently with irregular depressions, subconcentrically striate; striae weakly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, densely setose; setae short to moderate in size, yellowish. Legs: Basal and medial protibial teeth frequently closer to each other than to apical tooth, basal tooth occasionally subobsolete in males. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 1–2 sharp teeth; metatibiae slightly expanded apically; metatibial spurs subequal in form in both sexes. Metatarsi weakly flattened. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly to strongly compressed, extending anteriorly to the same level of mesocoxae or slightly beyond, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, glabrous to densely setose at suture. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose. Median sulcus weakly to moderately impressed. Abdomen flat in lateral view in males, moderately to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 54c .

Diagnosis. Euphoria inda is separated from E. hirtipes by the entire body not densely setose, antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females, slender protibiae, absence of a setose fringe on the metatibiae, and surface frequently with irregular depressions.

Taxonomic History. Euphoria inda was the first species of Cetoniini described from the Americas. Subsequently, intraspecific variation resulted in this species being described many times, all of which are now considered synonyms (i. e., von Frölich 1792; Say 1824; Gory and Percheron 1833; Klages 1894). Burmeister synonymized C. barbata , C. brunnea , and C. marilandica with E. inda . Goraqua smithsana was described by Péringuey (1907) based on a female specimen of E. inda mislabeled as from Cape Colony, South Africa ( Holm 1989). Casey (1915), based on specimens from New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Washington, described E. rufobrunnea . According to Casey, E. rufobrunnea was different from E. inda by being of a larger size, having an entirely black pronotum, and larger protibial teeth. Casey (1915) also described E. inda nigripennis . Hardy (2001) synonymized both of Casey’ s (1915) names with E. inda .

Natural History. Euphoria inda has been collected on Asclepias speciosa Torr. , Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) , E. nauseosa , H. annus , Solidago sp. , Dahlia sp. (Asteraceae) , Castanea dentata (Marsh.) , and Quercus sp. Adults have also been found boring in Syringa sp. (Oleaceae) , buried in the soil among roots of Piper nigrum (L.) ( Piperaceae ), under wood pieces on a stump of Acer sacharum Marsh. , and under dry cow dung. Adults have been observed feeding on sap from wounds gouged in sunflower stalks (Diana Pilson, in litt.), rotten apples, ripe peaches, rotten cotton balls, corn, tomatoes, overripe figs, and watermelons. One specimen was collected from the hair of Procyon lotor (L.) ( Carnivora : Procyonidae ), and some have been collected from Formica sp. nests. Adults are occasionally attracted in large numbers to Lindgren funnel traps baited with a variety of lures, including ethanol and scolytine and bostrichid pheromones in eastern Montana (Michael Ivie, in litt.). Specimens were also occasionally collected in unbaited pitfall traps. Lago et al. (1979) and Paulsen (2002) observed adults in the nests of F. obscuripes . In Wisconsin, adults were collected in flight intercept traps, baited pitfall traps, pocket gopher mounds, and flying over sandy areas ( Kriska and Young 2002). Both adults and larvae were observed in the vicinity of Formica sp. thatch ant nests ( Ratcliffe 1976; Kriska and Young 2002). Ratcliffe (1991) reported the species feeding en masse on Hibiscus esculentus (L.) ( Malvaceae ). Euphoria inda has been collected in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, scrub forest, pine/hardwood forest, and sandy soils.

Larvae are known to pupate in June–July. Adults emerge shortly thereafter and are active until temperatures drop in the fall. During the winter, the adults become inactive and possibly burrow in the soil. Adults are rarely found on warm days in the middle of the winter. With rising temperatures the following spring, adults become active again and oviposit ( Blatchley 1910; Hayes 1925; Lago et al. 1979; Ritcher 1966; Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Larvae have been recorded in organic debris at the edges of haystacks, compost piles, manure ( Ritcher 1966), grass clippings ( Kohlmann 1979), rotten wood ( Blatchley 1910), and Formica sp. nests ( Schwarz 1890; Wheeler 1910; Ratcliffe 1976).

Temporal Distribution. January (3), February (2), March (57), April (239), May (212), June (52), July (140), August (310), September (391), October (53), December (1) ( Fig. 54f ).

Geographic Distribution. Known from Mexico, throughout most of the United States to Canada ( Fig. 54g ). McNamara (1991) recorded the species in Canada from the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia , Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Saskatchewan. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from Chihuahua, Colima, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Sinaloa, and Veracruz, Mexico.

Specimens Examined (2,201). Type material: Scarabaeus indus Linnaeus, 1758 ; holotype male at UUZM labeled “indica./ mus. Reg. p. 87./ mus. Guff. Ad.[?]// indus/ typus// Lectotypus/ Scarab./ Indus L./ design./ BOL-56”. (The label data from this specimen indicates it is a lectotype. Nevertheless, I was unable to find a published designation and therefore treat this specimen as the holotype). Euphoria rufobrunnea Casey, 1915 ; lectotype male at USNM labeled “Ft. Wingate/ N. Mex// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// rufobrunnea. 20/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48674// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / rufobrunnea Csy / by A.R./ Hardy 1978”; paralectotype female at USNM labeled “N.M.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48674// rufobrunnea/ Csy// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / rufobrunnea Csy ”. Other material: CANADA (5): ONTARIO: Port Hope (2), Toronto (2), no data (1). MEXICO (66): DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (24); DURANGO: Cerro Gordo (1), Durango (8), El Yaquil (2); JALISCO: Ajijíc (15), Guadalajara (1); HIDALGO: Pachuca (3), Zimapán (1); NUEVO LEÓN: La Rosita (1); SONORA. Nogales (1); NO DATA: (9). USA (2,127): ALABAMA. Baldwin Co.: Daphne (1); Jefferson Co.: Birmingham (1), Monte Sano (1); Madison Co.: Huntsville (1); St. Clair Co.: Springville (1). ARIZONA. Apache Co. : Ganado (3), White Mountains (2); Cochise Co. : Cave Creek Canyon (1), Chiricahua Mountains (3), Portal (7); Coconino Co.: Grand Canyon National Park (2); Gila Co. : Globe (15), Pinal Mountains (4), Sierra Ancha Mountains (1); Greenle Co.: South Fork (11); Navajo Co.: Heber (1), Winslow (1); Santa Cruz Co.: Nogales (1); Yavapai Co.: Cherry (1), Prescott (5), Sedona (2); No data: (1). ARKANSAS. Lawrence Co.: Imboden (2); Sharp Co.: Highland (1); Washington Co.: Fayetteville (2), no data (1). CALIFORNIA. Modoc Co.: No data (8). COLORADO. Boulder Co.: Boulder (4), no data (4); Cheyenne Co.: Cheyenne (1); Custer Co.: Wetmore (3); Denver Co.: Denver (5); Douglas Co.: Cherry Creek (1); El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (1); Garfield Co.: Glenwood Springs (4); Jeff Co.: Bear Creek Park (2); Jefferson Co.: Edgewater (1), no data (1); Larimer Co.: Fort Collins (2); Las Animas Co.: Trinidad (1); Mesa Co.: Palisade (1); Otero Co.: La Junta (1); Saguache Co.: Great Sand Dunes National Monument (2); San Juan Co.: Silverton (7); Yuma Co. : Wray (7). CONNECTICUT. Fairfield Co.: Stamford (1); Litchfield Co.: Canaan (1); Middlesex Co.: Cromwell (1); New Haven Co.: West Rock Park (1); New London Co.: Lyme (1). DELAWARE. New Castle Co.: Newark (1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA . Rock Creek National Park (14), Washington D.C. (23). FLORIDA. Alachua Co. : Gainesville (2). Hillsboro Co.: No data (1); Lake Co.: Lady Lake (1); Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park (1); Levy Co.: No data (1); Miami-Dade Co.: Haulover (1); Orange Co.: No data (1); Volusia Co.: Daytona Beach (1); No data: (1). GEORGIA. Dade Co.: Head River (1), Trenton (1); DeKalb Co.: No data (1); Fulton Co.: Atlanta (2); Henry Co.: No data (1); Upson Co.: The Rock (1). IDAHO. Bannock Co.: Lava Hot Springs (1), Pocatello (9); Canyon Co.: Parma (1); Kootenai Co.: Coeur d’ Alene (1); Nez Perce Co.: Arrow Junction (1), Hells Gate State Park (1); Washington Co.: Weiser (1). ILLINOIS. Cook Co.: Bowmanville (1), Chicago (5), Evanston (2), Willow Springs (1), Winnetka (1); Fayette Co.: (1), no data; McLean Co.: Bloomington (1); Lake Co.: No data (3); Lee Co.: No data (1); Rock Island Co.: Rock Island (1); No data: (1). INDIANA. Allen Co.: No data (1); Benton Co.: Pine (1); Brown Co.: No data (3); Clark Co.: Borden (2); Dekalb Co.: No data (2); Dubois Co.: Ferdinand State Forest (1), Jasper (1); Elkhart Co.: Eby’ s Pines (1); Fulton Co.: Kewanna (1), no data (1); Hamilton Co.: No data (1); Hendricks Co.: Brownsburg (2); Jefferson Co.: Madison (1); Kosciusko Co.: Syracuse (2), no data (1); Lake Co.: Hammond (2), Whiting (1); LaGrange Co.: Pigeon River State Fish and Wildlife Area (5); La Porte Co.: Kingsbury (2), no data (1); Lawrence Co.: Bedford (8), no data (5); Marion Co.: Indianapolis (1), no data (4); Monroe Co.: No data (2); Montgomery Co.: No data (1); Noble Co.: Chain O’ Lakes State Park (2); Porter Co.: Dunes State Park (1), Tremont (1); St. Joseph Co.: Bendix Woods (2); Tippecanoe Co.: Lafayette (1), no data (11); Union Co.: No data (1); Vigo Co.: No data (2); Wabash Co.: No data (1); Warren Co.: Pine Village (2); Wells Co.: Bluffton (1); Whitely Co.: No data (2). IOWA. Clarke Co.: Liberty (1); Clayton Co.: McGregor (1); Hancock Co.: Forest City (1); Johnson Co.: Iowa City (6); Story Co.: Ames (1). KANSAS. Clark Co.: Englewood (5); Doniphan Co.: Troy (1); Douglas Co.: Lawrence (1), no data (1); Finney Co.: Garden City (3); Kiowa Co.: Belvidere (1); Labbett Co.: Oswego (2); Leavenworth Co.: No data (1); Riley Co.: Manhattan (5); Sedgwick Co.: Wichita (12); Scott Co.: Scott City (2); Shawnee Co.: Richland (4), Topeka (1); Sumner Co.: Wellington (1). KENTUCKY. Allen Co.: Scottsville (8mi. S.) (1); Edmonson Co.: Mammoth Cave National Park (1); Green Co.: Crailhope (6); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Hardin Co.: Fort Knox (1); Knox Co.: Barbourville (1); Martin Co.: Pilgrim (1); Menifee Co.: Frenchburg (1). MAINE. Hancock Co.: Bar Harbor (1), Echo Lake (1); Kennebec Co.: Augusta (3); Penobscot Co.: Orono (2); York Co.: Ogunquit (5), Saco (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Laurel (5), Odenton (1), Riverdale (1); Frederick Co.: Frederick (1), Myersville (1); Montgomery Co.: Ashton (3), Cabin John (1), Kensington (1), Plummers Island (10); Prince George Co.: Avenel (1), Cheverly (1), Beltsville (2), Bladensburg (1), Bowie (1), College Park (3), no data (1); Rock Co.: Montville (1); No data (4). MASSACHUSSETTS. Barnstable Co.: Woods Hole (1); Bristol Co.: Mansfield (1); Essex Co.: Beach Bluff (1), Boxford (1), Ipswich (1), Lawrence (1), Saugus (3); Hampshire Co.: Amherst (3); Middlesex Co.: Framingham (6), Melrose (5), Natick (2); Norfolk Co.: Blue Hills (3), Deadham (1); Plymouth Co.: Brockton (1); Suffolk Co.: Forest Hills (6). MICHIGAN. Alcona Co.: No data (1); Allegan Co.: Allegan State Forest (1); Arenac Co.: Charity Island (1); Barry Co.: Barry Township (1); Charlevoix Co.: Beaver Island (1); Berrien Co.: No data (1); Clinton Co.: Rose Lake (1); Ingham Co.: East Lansing (6); Jackson Co.: No data (1); Kalamazoo Co.: Portage (1); Kent Co.: Grand Rapids (7); Lapeer Co.: Sawdel Lake (1); Livingston Co.: Pinckney (2); Manistee Co.: No data (3); Macomb Co.: Warren (1); Oakland Co.: Davisburg (1), Millord (1), Ortonville (1); Washtenaw Co.: Ann Arbor (19), Halfmoon Lake (2); Wayne Co.: Detroit (1), no data (2); No data: “Chittenden Nursery” (1). MINNESOTA. Anoka Co. : Cedar Creek (5), no data (12); Beltrami Co.: Bemidji (6); Blue Earth Co.: No data (1); Carver Co.: Waconia (9); Cass Co.: Cass Lake (1); Clay Co.: No data (1); Clearwater Co.: Bagley (1), Lake Itasca (1); Cottonwood Co.: Windom (2); Crow Wing Co.: Nisswa (1); Dakota Co.: Rosemount (1), no data (1); Douglas Co.: Alexandria (1); Goodhue Co.: Red Wing (11), no data (3); Grant Co.: Herman (2); Hennepin Co.: Fort Snelling (6), Lake Minnetonka (1), Minneapolis (2), Mound (5), no data (11); Houston Co.: No data (10); Hubbard Co.: Itasca State Park (1), Park Rapids (1); Mille Lacs Co.: Mille Lacs Lake (1), no data (1); Morrison Co.: Lake Alexander(1); Nicollet Co.: St. Peter (2); Olmsted Co.: No data (11); Otter Tail Co.: Pelican Rapids (1), Perham (6), Wadena (3); Pine Co.: Pine City (4), no data (1); Pipestone Co.: No data (1); Ramsey Co.: Saint Paul (197), Vadnais Lake (7), no data (9); Scott Co.: Jordan (1); Sherburne Co.: Becker (1), no data (3); Stearns Co.: St. Cloud (1); Stevens Co.: Donnelly (1); Todd Co.: Hewitt (2); Wabash Co.: Hammond (2); Washington Co.: Afton (2), Lakeland (2), Newport (1), no data (5); No data: (3). MISSISSIPPI. George Co.: Lucedale (1). MISSOURI. Marion Co.: Monroe City (3); Greene Co.: Willard (1), no data (2); Saint Louis Co.: Kirkwood (1). MONTANA. Fallon Co.: Baker (1); Fergus Co.: Buffalo (1); Gallatin Co.: Bozeman (1), no data (1); Stillwater Co.: Columbus (1); Yellowstone Co.: Huntley (19), Laurel (25). NEBRASKA. Adams Co.: No data (2); Buffalo Co.: No data (1); Cherry Co.: Valentine (1); Cheyenne Co.: Sidney (4), Valentine (6); Clay Co.: No data (119); Cuming Co.: West Point (13); Custer Co.: Berwyn (1); Dawson Co.: No data (8); Dodge Co.: Fremont (1); Douglas Co.: Omaha (5); Dundy Co.: Haigler (7); Greeley Co.: Scotia (2), Greeley (7.3 m S) (5); Hall Co.: no data (1); Hitchcock Co.: No data (7); Kearney Co.: Kearney (1); Keith Co.: Ogallala (9), no data (7); Knox Co.: Walnut (1); Lancaster Co.: Havelock (11), Lincoln (25); McPherson Co.: Tryon (15); Nemaha Co.: Indian Cave State Park (1); Platte Co.: Columbus (1), Soulliere (1); Richardson Co.: Indian Cave State Park (4); Sarpy Co.: Bellevue (5); Saunders Co.: Ashland (1); Scotts Bluff Co.: Mitchell (2); Sioux Co.: Bad Lands (1), Monroe Canon (2); Thayer Co.: Hebron (1); Thomas Co.: Halsey (2); Washington Co.: Blair (1). NEW JERSEY. Bergen Co.: Alpine (1), Englewood cliffs (4); Burlington Co.: Browns Mills (1), Burlington (1), Palmyra (1), Riverton (5); Camden Co.: Clementon (1); Cape May Co.: Ocean City (1), Swainton (1); Cumberland Co.: Vineland (6), no data (1); Essex Co.: Newark (2); Gloucester Co.: Glassboro (1); Morris Co.: Boonton (1); Ocean Co.: Cassville (1), Lakehurst (6), Manchester (1), Warren grove (1); Passaic Co.: Clifton (1), Great Notch (9), Green Wood Lake (1); No data: “Southern NJ” (1). NEW MEXICO. Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque (9); Chaves Co.: Roswell (10); Colfax Co. : Koehler (1); Eddy Co.: Carlsbad Caverns (1), Lake Burford (1); Grant Co.: Emory Pass (2), Silver City (8), no data (1); Lea Co. : McDonald (12); Lincoln Co.: Sierra Blanca Mountains (9); McKinley Co.: Fort Wingate (1); Otero Co.: Cloudcroft (3), Sierra Blanca Mountains (32); Quay Co.: Tucumcari (4); Rio Arriba Co.: Abiquiu (1); San Juan Co.: Aztec (1); San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas (4); Sandoval Co.: Jemez Mountains (2); Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe (7); Sierra Co.: Kingston (2); Taos Co.: Taos (1). NEW YORK. Clinton Co.: Keeseville (2); Chautauqua Co.: No data (1); Erie Co.: Buffalo (1), Chafee (3), New Town (5); Genesee co.: Batavia (1); Kings Co.: Brooklyn (3); Nassau Co.: Long Island (1), Old Westbury (1), Roslyn (4), Valley Stream (1); New York Co.: New York (3); Niagara Co.: Olcott (2); Onondaga Co. : Elbridge (1), no data (1); Orange Co.: West Point (9); Orleans Co.: Medina (4); Oswego Co.: Mallory (2), Oswego (1); Queens Co.: Richmond Hill (1); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (1); Rockland Co.: Sloatsburg (1); Schenectady Co.: No data (1); Suffolk Co.: Babylon (1), Cold Spring Harbor (1); Tompkins Co.: Ithaca (14); Ulster Co.: Gardiner (1); Westchester Co.: Pelham (1), Somers (1), Yonkers (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Ashville (1); Craven Co.: New Bern Fairfield Harbor (1); Jackson Co.: Balsam (5); Madison Co.: Hot Springs (1); Mecklenburg Co.: No data (1); Moore Co.: Southern Pines (1). NORTH DAKOTA. Grand Forks Co.: Forest River Biology Area (1); Logan Co.: Gackle (1); Ransom Co.: Sheldon (2); Richland Co.: No data (2); Stark Co.: Dickinson (3); Ward Co.: Minot (1), no data (1). OHIO. Athens Co.: Athens (2); Butler Co.: Butler (1); Cuyahoga Co.: Cleveland (1); Delaware Co.: No data (1); Erie Co.: Sandusky (1); Franklin Co.: Columbus (1); Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati (1); Hocking Co.: Good Hope (1), Jackson Co.: Buckeye (1); Lake Co.: Painesville (1); Lucas Co.: Oak Openings Park (1); Sandusky Co.: Sandusky (1); Scioto Co.: Shawnee State Park (1); Stark Co.: Minerva (1); Vinton Co.: No data (2); Washington Co.: Squaw Hollow (2); Wayne Co.: Wooster (2); Wood Co.: Bowling Green (25); No data: “Birmingham” (1). OKLAHOMA. Comanche Co.: Lawton (1); Custer Co.: Weatherford (1); Delaware Co.: No data (1); Rogers Co.: Garnet (1); Woodward Co.: Woodward (1). OREGON. Baker Co.: Baker (1), Durkee (1); Hood River Co.: Hood River (1); Morrow Co.: Ione (3); Sherman Co.: Biggs Junction (7); Umatilla Co.: Hermiston (1), Milton (1), Weston (4); Wasco Co.: The Dalles (3). PENNSYLANIA. Allegheny Co.: Gibsonia (1), Oak Station (3), Pittsburgh (3), West View (1); Beaver Co.: Raccoon Creek Park (1); Bucks Co.: New Hope (1); Butsaxton Co.: No data (1), Centre Co.: State College (2), no data (1); Chester Co.: Hickory Hills (1); Crawford Co.: Meadville (1); Dauphin Co.: Inglenook (1); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Lansdowne (1); Douglas Co.: Castle Rock (1); Franklin Co.: Roxbury (2); No data (1); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Lawrence Co.: No data (1); Lebanon Co.: No data (1); Lycoming Co.: Barbours (4.8 km E) (1); Montgomery Co.: Glenside (1), Sumneytown (1); Northumberland Co.: Selinsgrove (1); Perry Co.: Bailey (1); Philadelphia Co.: Philadelphia (1); Somerset Co.: Somerset (1); Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette (1); Wyoming Co.: Lake Winola (1); York Co.: York (1). RHODE ISLAND. Kent Co.: Warwick (1); Providence Co.: Providence (1). SOUTH DAKOTA. Clay Co.: Vermillion (1), Davison Co.: Mitchell (1), Fall River Co.: Hot Springs (4); Pennington Co.: Rapid City (2); Roberts Co.: No data (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Aiken Co.: White Pond (1); Clarendon Co.: Manning (1); Florence Co.: Florence (1); Oconee Co.: Fish Hatchery (1), Walhalla (1), no data (4); Pickens Co.: Clemson (2), Pickens (1); Richland Co.: Columbia (1); Sumter Co.: Sumter National Forest (1). TENNESSEE. Madison Co.: Jackson (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (1), Deer Lodge (4); Roane Co.: Harriman (5); Scott Co.: Big South Fork (1); Sullivan Co.: No data (1). TEXAS. Bexar Co.: Leon Valley (1); Bowie Co.: Texarkana (1); Cooke Co.: Lake Ray Roberts (1); Dallas Co.: Dallas (2); Donley Co.: Clarendon (2); Eastland Co.: No data (4); Jeff Davis Co.: Fort Davis (1); Gray Co.: McLean (1); Montgomery Co.: Willis (1); Potter Co.: Amarillo (1), Bushland (3); Smith Co.: Tyler State Park (1); Tarrant Co.: Arlington (3), Fort Worth National Centre (1); Taylor Co.: Abilene (1); Victoria Co. : Victoria (1); Wichita Co.: Wichita Falls (1); No data: (2). UTAH. Beaver Co.: Beaver (1); Box Elder Co. : Brigham City (4), Tremonton (5); Cache Co.: Logan (16); Davis Co.: No data (1); Duchesne Co.: Duchesne (11); Emery Co.: no data (2); Garfield Co.: Henrieville (1); Grand Co.: La Sal Mountains (9); Juab Co.: Eureka (1); Kane Co.: Zion National Park (1), no data (1); Millard Co.: Canosh (3); Salt Lake Co.: Draper (3), Saltair (2), Salt Lake City (2), Taylorsville (1); San Juan Co.: La Sal Mountains (1), Monticello (5), Navajo Mountains (1); Sanpete Co.: Indianola (2); Tooele Co.: Cedar Mountains (1), Dolomite (1), Flux (1), Stansbury Mountains (5), Stockton (9); Uinta Co. : Jensen (1), Roosevelt (1), Vernal (2); Utah Co.: Birdseye (1), Goshen (4), Lehi (1), Orem (5), Payson (12), Pleasant Grove (19), Provo (41), Rock Canyon (8), Santaquin (5), Spanish Fork (9), Springville (2), Squaw Mountain (1), West Mountain (5); Washington Co.: New Harmony (1), Santa Clara (1). VIRGINIA. Arlington Co.: Ballston (1); Clark Co.: Snickers Gap (1); Essex Co.: Dunnsville (4), Tappahannock (1); Fairfax: Falls Church (41), Springfield (2); Loudoun Co.: Snickers Gap (5); Montgomery Co.: no data (2); Norfolk: No data (1); Rockbridge Co.: Jefferson National Forest (1); Williamsburg (1). WASHINGTON. Garfield Co.: Snake River (1); Okanogan Co.: Brewster (1), Omak (12); Walla Walla Co.: Walla Walla (3); Whitman Co.: Almota (1), Colton (1), Wawawai (1); Yakima Co.: Tampico (1), Toppenish (1), Wapato (1), White Swan (2), Yakima (4); WEST VIRGINIA. Monroe Co.: Slaty Mountain Preserve (1); Pocahontas Co.: Marlinton (1); Ritchie Co.: Harrisville (1). WISCONSIN. Adams Co.: No data (3); Arlington Co.: No data (1); Brown Co.: Green Bay (1); Burnett Co.: Crex Meadows (7); Dane Co.: Brooklyn (1), Madison (31), Mazomanie (3), no data (12); Columbia Co. : Mud Lake (1); Crawford Co.: Gays Mills (7); Grant Co.: Bagley (1), Blue River Barrens (1), Lancaster (1), Woodman Lake (1); Iowa Co.: Arena (1), Brigham Township (1), Lowery Creek (3), no data (1); Iron Co. : Mercer (1); Jackson Co.: No data (2); Kenosha Co.: No data (1); Lafayette Co.: Hardscrabble Prairie (3); Marathon Co.: Stratford (1); Milwaukee Co.: Milwaukee (6); Monroe Co.: Fort McCoy (22); Oconto Co.: No data (1); Polk Co.: St. Croix Falls (3); Portage Co.: No data (1); Richland Co.: Lone Rock (5), no data (1); Rock Co.: No data (3); Sauk Co.: Barabul (6), Spring Green Preserve (4); Sawyer Co.: Hayward Nursery (3); Sheboygan Co.: Kohler Park Dunes (1); Vernon Co.: No data (1); Washburn Co.: Dunn Lake (1); Washington Co.: Westbend (2); Waukesha Co.: Kettle Moraine unit (1); Waushara Co.: Coloma Barrens (1), no data (1); Waupaca Co.: Clintonville (3), Hartman Creek (20); Winnebago Co.: Neena (1); Wood Co.: Cranmoor (1), Griffith State Nursery (1); No data: “Wisconsin” (1). WYOMING. Campbell Co.: Gillette (2). NO DATA: Columbus (2), Groveland (1), “Hodson’ s Orchard” (2), Marion County (1), “Monumental Park” (2), Steuben Co. (1), no data (8).

Figures

Fig. 54. Euphoria inda. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d-e) Color variation, f) Temporal distribution, g) Geographic distribution in Canada, Mexico, and the United States; open square indicates state or province record only.