Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata ( de Saussure, 1858 )

Taylor, Christopher & Barthélémy, Christophe, 2021, A review of the digger wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Hong Kong, with description of one new species and a key to known species, European Journal of Taxonomy 786 (1), pp. 1-92 : 17-20

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.786.1607
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B9A13F3D-9383-4319-90B2-F59A66071601
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F41087BA-7453-FF81-6DDC-FC9FFAF3FD92
treatment provided by	Felipe (2022-01-04 15:16:04, last updated 2024-11-29 11:27:08)
scientific name	Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata ( de Saussure, 1858 )
status

Treatment

Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata ( de Saussure, 1858)

Figs 2A–B View Fig , 7D View Fig , 9F View Fig , 11D View Fig , 13F View Fig , 15D View Fig , 17F View Fig , 19D View Fig , 21F View Fig , 23D View Fig , 25F View Fig , 27D View Fig , 29F View Fig , 31D View Fig , 33F View Fig , 35D View Fig , 37F View Fig , 39F View Fig , 40F View Fig , 41F View Fig , 42F View Fig

Elis (Campsomeris) phalerata de Saussure, 1858: 233 (holotype ZMUC, ♀, type locality = Java).

Campsomeris (Campsomeris) albopilosa Rohwer, 1911: 480 (holotype USNM, ♂, type locality = Puli Township, Taiwan).

Campsomeris (Dielis) phalerata – Betrem 1928: 103.

Campsomeris (Phalerimeris) phalerata – Bradley & Betrem 1967: 294.

Batalanga phalerata – Argaman 1996: 205 (by implication).

Material examined

CHINA – Hong Kong • 1 ♂; Tai Lung Farm ; 21 Sep. 1981; hand net; TLFES • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; TLFES • 1 ♂; Sha Tau Kok ( Hoi Pui Leng ); 22°31′47″ N, 114°12′28″ E; 10–24 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Tsim Bei Tsui ( Sha Kiu Tsuen ); 22°29′21″ N, 113°59′55″ E; 14–28 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Sheung Pak Nai ; 22°27′07″ N, 113°57′45″ E; 14–28 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Sheung Pak Nai ; 22°27′05″ N, 113°57′44″ E; 28 May–11 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Tung Chung ; 22°16′55″ N, 113°55′43″ E; 29 May–12 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Hang Mei ; 22°15′11″ N, 113°52′08″ E; 9–23 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Hang Mei ; 22°15′07″ N, 113°52′06″ E; 23 May–6 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂; To Kwa Peng ; 22°25′45″ N, 114°20′00″ E; 8–25 May 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Yim Tin Tsai ; 22°22′31″ N, 114°18′02″ E; 1–15 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKBM GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂; New Territories ; May–Jul. 2018; HKBM • 2 ♂♂; Pak Sha O; 22°26′59″ N, 114°19′04″ E; alt. 70 m; 27 Sep.–4 Oct. 2004; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M024.C.Hy.2 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12–27 Nov. 2008; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref: M056.C.Hy.1 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 14–31 May 2009; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M062.C.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Lin Tong Mei ; 22°28′56″ N, 114°06′37″ E; alt. 15 m; 23 Jul. 2006; C. Barthélémy leg.; hand net, ref.: 0226.L.Hy.5 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Ping Shan Chai ; 22°29′14″ N, 114°11′06″ E; alt. 140 m; 18 Nov.–30 Dec. 2017; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M323.D.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Mang Kung Wo ; 22°22′06″ N, 114°15′12″ E;, alt. 60 m; 26 May–7 Jun. 2018; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M349.C.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jul. 2018; C. Barthélémy leg.; hand net, ref.: 0660.C.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Tai Tam ; 29 Mar. 1998; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: X045.Z.Hy.1 ; CBC • 1 ♀; Pak Sha O; 22°26′59″ N, 114°19′04″ E; alt. 70 m; 15 Sep.–1 Oct. 2008; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M053.C.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Mar.–3 Apr. 2011; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M088.C.Hy.2 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8–21 Jul. 2018; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: M352.C.Hy.11 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Apr. 2010; C. Barthélémy leg.; hand net, ref.: 0389.A.Hy.1 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 29 Sep. 2018; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, 0669.C.Hy.3 ; CBC GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Mang Kung Wo ; 22°22′06″ N, 114°15′12″ E; alt. 60 m; 14 Mar. 2020; C. Barthélémy leg.; Malaise trap, ref.: 0711.A.Hy.1 ; CBC GoogleMaps .

Description

Female

STANDARD RATIOS (n = 8). L: 13.9–20.5 mm (mean = 16.97 mm); CR: 1.13–1.21 (mean = 1.16); OOR: 0.55–0.65 (mean = 0.62); CLR: 0.40–0.47 (mean = 0.43); MER: 0.97–1.35 (mean = 1.17); OMR: 1.05– 1.10 (mean = 1.08); FRR: 1.84–1.95 (mean = 1.90); MSR: 0.75–0.79 (mean = 0.77); TER: 1.81–2.04 (mean = 1.89).

HEAD. Head with clypeus broadly impunctate medially ( Fig. 15D View Fig ), densely punctate laterally; frontal spatium and scrobe mostly densely punctate ( Fig. 15D View Fig ), frontal spatium with narrow impunctate band medially; frons mostly sparsely punctate with narrow curved band of dense punctures in front of anterior ocellus ( Fig. 19D View Fig ) and densely punctate lateral band alongside eye; vertex moderately punctate ( Fig. 19D View Fig ); frontal spatium not well defined posteriorly; frontal fissura visible on frontal spatium only.

MESOSOMA. Dorsum of mesosoma in large part densely and subcontiguously punctate ( Fig. 23D View Fig ), scutellum and metanotum with large punctures ( Fig. 27D View Fig ). Mesopleuron densely punctate medially along sharp mesopleural crest, broadly impunctate anteriorly and posteriorly; metapleuron largely impunctate with sparse small punctures on lower panel; lateral panel of propodeum moderately but shallowly punctate. Scutellum and metanotum without median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 27D View Fig ). Dorsomedian area of propodeum without distinct tubercule medially ( Fig. 27D View Fig ).

METASOMA. Metasoma with weak transition between anterior and ventral faces of S 2 in lateral view; T1–T3 uniformly and moderately punctate ( Figs 31D View Fig , 35D View Fig ); T4–T6 densely punctate. T2 with no basal elevation (gradulus) ( Fig. 35D View Fig ).

WINGS. Fore wing with two submarginal cells and two recurrent veins; second recurrent vein reaching submarginal cell. Fore wing with short setae in the first submarginal cell.

COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Integument mostly black ( Figs 7D View Fig , 11D View Fig ) except mandibles reddish; legs with tibiae and tarsi reddish; metasoma with narrow apical yellow bands on T1–T3 (that on T3 may be narrowly interrupted medially) ( Fig. 35D View Fig ) and triangular apicolateral yellow spot on S2 and sometimes S3 ( Fig. 31D View Fig ). Vestiture mostly golden except black on metasomal segments 5 and 6 ( Figs 7D View Fig , 11D View Fig ). Wings yellowish with distinct infumated subapical spot near anterior margin of fore wing.

Male

STANDARD RATIOS (n = 10). L: 9.8–15 mm (mean = 13.1 mm); CR: 0.94–1.19 (mean = 1.09); OOR: 1.46–1.67 (mean = 1.52); CLR: 0.50–0.68 (mean = 0.61); MER: 1.11–1.47 (mean = 1.25); OMR: 0.94– 1.12 (mean = 1.04); FRR: 1.46–1.94 (mean = 1.76); MSR: 0.68–0.86 (mean = 0.79); TER: 1.30–1.91 (mean = 1.54).

HEAD. Head largely sparsely punctate to impunctate except densely punctate on frontal spatium and sparsely on lateral sides of clypeus ( Figs 17F View Fig , 21F View Fig ); frontal spatium well defined posteriorly; frontal fissura obsolete ( Fig. 17F View Fig ).

MESOSOMA. Dorsum of pronotum densely but very shallowly punctate ( Fig. 25F View Fig ); mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum mostly moderately punctate with sparsely punctate discal area on mesoscutum and triangular impunctate area posteriorly on scutellum ( Fig. 25F View Fig ); propodeum with dorsomedian area densely but shallowly punctate, dorsolateral area anteriorly impunctate and posteriorly densely but shallowly punctate ( Fig. 29F View Fig ). Lateral panels of mesosoma with punctation largely obscured by dense appressed pile; mesopleuron medially densely punctate, anteriorly and posteriorly broadly impunctate; metapleuron largely impunctate except with some effaced punctures anteroventrally; lateral panel of propodeum moderately but shallowly punctate. Scutellum and metanotum without median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 29F View Fig ). Dorso-median area of propodeum without distinct tubercule medially ( Fig. 29F View Fig ).

METASOMA. Metasoma with weak division between anterior and ventral faces of S2 ( Fig. 33F View Fig ); tergites moderately but shallowly punctate ( Figs 33F View Fig , 37F View Fig ). T2 with no basal elevation (gradulus) ( Fig. 37F View Fig ).

WINGS. Same as female, but fore wing with numerous short setae on anterior half.

COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Integument mostly black ( Figs 9F View Fig , 13F View Fig ); base of mandible yellow; clypeus and scrobe yellow with more or less triangular or teardrop-shaped median black spot on clypeus ( Fig. 17F View Fig ); gena partially yellow ( Fig. 9F View Fig ); dorsum of pronotum and tegula yellow ( Fig. 25F View Fig ); paired yellow spots present at posterolateral corner of mesoscutum and on scutellum (scutellar spots may be coalesced medially) ( Figs 13F View Fig , 25F View Fig ); medial yellow spot on metanotum; pronotal callosity yellow; legs with anterior face of fore coxa yellow, ventral yellow stripes on all femora, and dorsal yellow stripe on fore and mid tibiae; metasoma with apical yellow bands on T1–T4 ( Figs 13F View Fig , 33F View Fig , 37F View Fig ) and S1–S4 or S2–S4 ( Fig. 33F View Fig ), those on S2–S4 may be medially interrupted. Vestiture mostly whitish, black on metasomal segments 5–7. Wings lightly and evenly infumated.

GENITALIA. Ventral side of paramere with long setae on lateral side ( Fig. 40F View Fig ), dorsal side with sparse long setae on most of its surface ( Figs 39F View Fig , 41F View Fig ); volsella and cuspis volsellaris with sparse setae on entire surfaces ( Figs 40F View Fig , 42F View Fig ); volsella bearing a few sensory cones on medial external margin ( Fig. 42F View Fig ) and a narrow lamella on its inner margin ( Fig. 39F View Fig ). External margin of paramere uniformly rounded, moderately acute apically ( Figs 39F View Fig , 40F View Fig ) and swollen medioapically ( Fig. 41F View Fig ); aedeagus serrated margin with shallow convex curvature.

Distribution ( Fig. 2A–B View Fig )

China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan); Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi); Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Selangor); Thailand; Nepal; India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Mizoram, Tripura); Bhutan; Myanmar (Tenasserim). [ de Saussure 1858; Bingham 1897; Betrem 1928, 1941; Gupta & Jonathan 2003; Kumar & Pham 2015; Nidup et al. 2017; TIGER project 2008; Liu et al. 2021b].

Notes

Osten (2005) lists “ Elis iris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864 ” as a synonym of Phalerimeris phalerata ; de Saussure & Sichel’s (1864) usage of this name is for a redescription of Colpa iris Lepeletier, 1845 and is not an available name.

This is the most commonly collected scoliid species in the Hong Kong SAR. Females may readily be distinguished from other scoliids by the dark subapical spot on the wings, and males by the distinct yellow stripe on the gena.

In Hong Kong, individuals are seen on the wing for most of the year, however, during the few weeks of relatively “cold” weather; between December and February, individuals retreat and it has been observed that females seek shelter underground, burrowing themselves at about 25cm depth in sandy agricultural soils. The same soils contained numerous larvae of Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 (white grubs).

References

Argaman Q. 1996. Generic synopsis of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera, Scolioidea). Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 88: 171 - 222.

Betrem J. G. 1928. Monographie der Indo-Australischen Scoliiden (Hym. Acul.) mit zoogeographischen Betrachtungen. Treubia 9 (supplement): 1 - 388.

Betrem J. G. 1941. Etude systematique des Scoliidae de Chine et leurs relations avec les autres groupes de Scoliidae. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 8 (4): 47 - 188.

Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Hymenoptera. Vol. 1: Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100738

Bradley J. C. & Betrem J. G. 1967. The types of the Scoliidae described by Frederick Smith (Hymenoptera) with descriptions of new taxa, and notes on the Oriental localities where Alfred Russel Wallace collected. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 20 (7): 287 - 327.

de Saussure H. L. F. 1858. Description de diverses especes nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Scolia. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, troisieme serie 6: 193 - 249.

de Saussure H. L. F. & Sichel J. 1864. Catalogue des Especes de l'Ancien Genre Scolia, Contenant les Diagnoses, les Descriptions et la Synonymie des Especes, avec des Remarques Explicatives et Critiques. Henri George & V. Masson et Fils, Geneve & Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9323

Gupta S. K. & Jonathan J. K. 2003. Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Hymenoptera: Scoliidae. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.

Kumar P. G. & Pham P. H. 2015. New distributional records of scoliids wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 115 (4): 325 - 335.

Lepeletier A. 1845. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres. Vol. 3. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9005

Liu Z., Van Achterberg C., He J. - H. & Chen X. - X. 2021 b. A checklist of Scoliidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scolioidea) from China. Zootaxa 4966 (2): 101 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4966.2.1

Nidup T., Klein W., Kumar P. G. & Dorji P. 2017. New records of scoliids wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae: Scoliinae) from Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9 (7): 10487 - 10489. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 3204.9.7.10487 - 10489

Osten T. 2005. Checkliste der Dolchwespen der Welt (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Scoliidae). Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Augsburg 62 (220 - 221): 1 - 62.

Rohwer S. A. 1911. On some hymenopterous insects from the island of Formosa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39: 477 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1794.477

Figures

Fig. 2. Distribution of two species in the tribe Campsomerini Bartlett, 1912: Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858) and Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989. A. World distribution. B. Hong Kong distribution.

Fig. 7. Females, lateral habitus. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855).F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 9. Males, lateral habitus. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 11. Females, dorsal habitus. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855).F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 13. Males, dorsal habitus. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 15. Females, face. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensisBetrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855). F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 17. Males, face. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 19. Females, vertex. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensisBetrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855). F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 21. Males, vertex. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 23. Females, mesoscutum. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855).F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 25. Males, mesoscutum. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 27. Females, propodeum. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855).F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 29. Males, propodeum. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 31. Females, T1–T3, lateral view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855). F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 33. Males, T1–T3, lateral view.A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 35. Females, T1–T3, dorsal view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. D. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). E. Austroscolia ruficeps ruficeps (Smith, 1855). F. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). G. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). H. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791).

Fig. 37. Males, T1–T3, dorsal view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989.

Fig. 39. Males genital capsule, dorsal view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941.E. Megacam. prismatica(Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989. H. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). I. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). J. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791). K. Scolia binotata Fabricius, 1804. L. Sc. pakshaoensis sp. nov., paratype (CBC). M. Sc. superciliaris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864.

Fig. 40. Males genital capsule, ventral view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941.E. Megacam. prismatica(Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989. H. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). I. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). J. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791). K. Scolia binotata Fabricius, 1804. L. Sc. pakshaoensis sp. nov., paratype (CBC). M. Sc. superciliaris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864.

Fig. 41. Males genital capsule, lateral view. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941.E. Megacam. prismatica(Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata(de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989. H. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). I. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). J. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791). K. Scolia binotata Fabricius, 1804. L. Sc. pakshaoensis sp. nov. M. Sc. superciliaris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864.

Fig. 42. Males genital capsule, ¾ view ventral side. A. Campsomeriella annulata annulata (Fabricius, 1793). B. Camps. collaris (Fabricius, 1775). C. Megacampsomeris sp. 1. D. Megacam. formosensis chinensis Betrem, 1941. E. Megacam. prismatica (Smith, 1855). F. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858). G. Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989. H. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). I. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). J. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791). K. Scolia binotata Fabricius, 1804. L. Sc. pakshaoensis sp. nov., paratype (CBC). M. Sc. superciliaris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864.