Cardiodactylus novaeguineae ( Haan, 1842 )

Robillard, Tony, 2014, Review and revision of the century-old types of Cardiodactylus crickets (Grylloidea, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini), Zoosystema 36 (1), pp. 101-125 : 104-109

Cardiodactylus novaeguineae ( Haan, 1842)

Gryllus (Platydactylus) novae-guineae Haan, 1842: 233 .

Cardiodactylus novae-guineae – Saussure 1878: 659 (type comparison). — Kirby 1906: 88 (type species of Cardiodactylus ). — Chopard 1915: 149; 1929: 49; 1931b: 140; 1969: 312.

Cardiodactylus novaeguinea – Otte 1994: 65. — Robillard 2004: 29; 2006: 675 (morphological phylogeny). — Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a: 273; 2004b: 479 (calling song); 2006: 644 (molecular and morphological phylogeny). — Eades et al. 2008 ( Orthoptera Species File Online).— this study> valid species, effordi species group.

Cardiodactylus novaeguineae – Chopard 1968: 351. — Bhowmik 1979 (1981): 43. — Otte & Alexander 1983: 310. — Otte et al. 1987: 42. — Oshiro 1995: 44. — Yin & Liu 1995: 97. — Rentz 1996: 140. — Willemse 2001: 110. — Otte 2007a: 345; 2007b: 239. — Robillard et al. 2007. — Robillard 2009: 587. — Robillard & Ishikawa 2009: 879 (redescription and neotype designation). — Desutter-Grandcolas et al. 2010: 616. — Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas 2011: 637. — Nattier et al. 2011: 2200 (molecular phylogeny).— Eades et al. 2013 ( Orthoptera Species File Online).

TYPE MATERIAL. — Neotype male: Indonesia. Papua Province, Biak Is., XI.1953, L.v.s. Hammen ( RMNH). Paraneotypes (7 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀): Indonesia. Papua Province, Biak [Is.], 20.II.1952, 1 ♂, L. D. Brongersma, RMNH; [Biak Is.], Base Biak,17/ 24.III.1952, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, L.D. Brongersma & W.J. Roosdorp ( RMNH); [Biak Is.], Schouten Islands , Base Biak, W of Sorido, 24.I.1955, 1 ♀, L. D. Brongersma ( RMNH); Biak [Is.], X. XI.1953, 1 ♀, Pers Kon Marine ( RMNH).

Papua New Guinea. Manus Province, Manus Is., Lorengau, 6.VI.1967, 1 ♀, R. E. & R. M. Blackith (MNHN-EN- SIF2044). Morobe Province, [Papua Is.], Lae, 29.V.1967, 2 ♂♂, R. E. & R. M. Blackith (MNHN-ENSIF2045, 2046). Oro Province, [Papua Is.], Mt. Lamington , 1300- 1500 ft., 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, C. T. McNamara, identified Cardiodactylus novae guineae by L. Chopard ( SAMA). Milne Bay Province, Misima Is., Louisiade Arch., Narian, 0-500 m (No 8), 1956, 1 ♀, fifth Archbold Exped. to New Guinea, L. J. Brass ( AMNH) ; Misima Is., Louisiade Arch., 1 ♀, Rev. R. J. Andrew, identified Cardiodactylus novae guineae by L. Chopard ( SAMA) ; Rossel Is., Louisiade Arch., Abaleti , 0-500 m, 1 ♀, fifth Archbold Exped. to New Guinea, L. J. Brass ( AMNH). New Ireland Province, New Ireland [Is.], 2 ♀♀, E. R. Waite, identified Cardiodactylus novae guineae by L. Chopard ( SAMA) .

TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Biak Island.

REDESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION. — See Robillard & Ichikawa (2009).

Cardiodactylus canotus Saussure, 1878 ( Figs 1 , 2A , 3B )

Cardiodactylus canotus Saussure, 1878: 522 . — Chopard 1951: 481; 1968: 352. — Otte 1994: 65; 2007: 343 (probably synomym of C. novaeguineae ). — Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a: 273; 2004b: 479 (morphological phylogeny); 2006: 644 (molecular and morphological phylogeny). — Robillard 2004: 29;

2006: 675. — Eades et al. 2013 ( Orthoptera Species File Online).— this study> valid species, effordi species group.

TYPE MATERIAL. — Female lectotype (new designation): [ Solomon Islands]: Arch. Salomon, I. San George [San Jorge Island], #1675-41, 361, 1841, Hombron ( MNHN- ENSIF1226).

TYPE LOCALITY. — Locality mentioned by Saussure (1878) is “La Nouvelle Hollande (S.-O). Terre du roi

A

B

C

D

E

Georges”. The labels mention “Arch. Salomon, I. San George”, which probably refers to San Jorge Island in the Solomon Islands archipelago, south of Isabel Island.

REMARKS. — The species is valid and has probably not been redescribed under another name, given its distribution and morphology. It clearly belongs to the effordi species group according general shape, colouration, shape of pronotum and long HWs.

REDESCRIPTION OF FEMALE LECTOTYPE

Size small for the genus, colouration mostly light brown. Eyes large and prominent, vertex yellow brown with 6 faint longitudinal bands. Fastigium trapezoidal, dark brown.Face yellow brown, mottled with brown, with 2 dark brown spots between antennae. Mouthparts yellow brown with a median dark brown area on clypeus. Scapes yellow brown, apex with a dark brown ring. Lateral part of head yellow brown. Pronotum posterior margin bisinuated; dorsal disk of pronotum yellow brown mottled with brown; lateral lobes dark brown posteriorly, ventral margin yellow brown. FWs brown, with 10 strong longitudinal veins brown, transverse veins mostly brown, some yellow near mid-length along external margin. R and Sc veins brown, R/ Sc area brown mottled with dark brown. Lateral field brown, with 6 projections of Sc and 5 more ventral veins. HWs transparent brown, forming a long tail posteriorly. Ovipositor apex denticulate on dorsal edge.

Female genitalia

Copulatory papilla rounded, with a ring-shaped basal sclerite; apex rounded, curved ventrally.

Measurements

See Table 2.

Cardiodactylus gaimardi ( Serville, 1838) ( Figs 2B , 4 )

Platydactylus gaimardi Serville, 1838: 366 .

Cardiodactylus gaimardi – Haan 1842: 234. — Saussure 1878: 524. — Kirby 1906: 88. — Chopard 1931a: 15; 1940: 200; 1951: 481; 1968: 351. — Otte & Alexander 1983: 309 (nomen dubium type largely destroyed).— Otte 2007a: 343 (nomen dubium). — Robillard & Desutter- Grandcolas 2004a: 291. — Eades et al. 2013 ( Orthoptera Species File Online, nomen dubium). — this study> valid species, novaeguineae species group.

Cardiodactylus novaeguineae – Otte 1994: 66 (synonymy).

TYPE MATERIAL. — Female lectotype (new designation): [ Papua New Guinea] Australie, Luoy et Gaimard, l’astrolabe, #253 (MNHN-ENSIF1221).

TYPE LOCALITY. — In the description by Serville (1838), the type locality is “Havre Carteret, La Nouvelle Hollande ”. It corresponds to a place in the south-east of New Ireland Island in Papua New Guinea.

REMARKS. — Despite the lectotype female specimen is old and “largely destroyed” ( Otte 2007a), many characters of colouration, general shape, size, and FW venation can still be observed. There is consequently no reason to treat the species it as a nomen dubium. Combined with the clear localisation of type locality, in the south-east of New Ireland Island, it appears that this species is very close to C. brandti Otte, 2007a , also from New Ireland. Most of the characters of recognitions given by Otte conform with the female lectotype of C. gaimardi (top of head dark brown with small pale band behind each eye, top of pronotum uniform, with distinct lateral pale bands, lateral lobes entirely dark, legs uniformly brown). The male holotype of C. brandti is well larger than the female lectotype of C. gaimardi , but Otte mentions paratypes of C. brandti being of similar dimension as C. gaimardi . According to the list of material in Otte (2007), C. brandti seems to occur in different places in the islands of New Ireland and New Britain, but additional material from these islands (MNHN) show that there are clearly several species close to C. gaimardi and C. brandti in terms of male genitalia and patterns of colouration. Clear reanalysis of the whole series will be necessary to decide if C. brandti should be considered as a junior synonym of C. gaimardi and describe potential new species in reference to the existing one(s).

REDESCRIPTION OF FEMALE LECTOTYPE

Size average for the genus, colouration mostly dark brown. Fastigium long, dark brown, lateral edges yellowish.Vertex almost entirely dark brown. Face and mouthparts dark yellow brown almost homogeneous, with two dark spots between antennae. Scapes dark brown. Lateral part of head dark yellow brown. Pronotum posterior margin slightly bisinuated; dorsal disk dark brown, anterior corners yellowish; lateral lobes dark brown, ventral margin partly yellow brown. Legs: Fore leg (1 remaining) dark yellow brown, with faint dark spots on femur and faint dark rings on tibia. Leg III (1 remaining) dark orange brown, knee slightly darker. Subgenital place yellow brown. HW tail short, dark brown with yellow transverse veins. FW dorsal field brown, with 11 longitudinal veins, with a yellowish area on lateral edge near mid-length, including part of CuA and M veins. Lateral field brown, R/Sc area orange brown; Sc and its projections yellow (n = 5). Ovipositor shorter than FIII, not denticulate, perhaps due to the age of the specimen.

Female genitalia

Copulatory papilla was not dissected because of the state of the lectotype.

Measurements

See Table 2.

TIII spines

PronL PronW FWL FWW HWT FIIIL FIIIW TIIIL Ias Ibs Oas Obs OL C. canotus Saussure, 1878 Female Lectotype 2.5 3.9>17 3.9???????? 12.6

(broken) C. gaimardi ( Serville, 1838) Female Lectotype 4.1 5.6 18.9 5.7 7.6 23.3 5.9 22.1 11 7 15 10 16.6

C. haani Saussure, 1878

Female Lectotype 4.5 6.9 23.8 6.7 7.3 25.1 6.8 20.6 9 Females (n = 3) 4.3-4.5 6.3-6.9 22.2-24.3 6.3-6.9 5.9-7.3 24.1-25.5 6.3-6.8 20.6-21.8 9-12 (mean) (4.4) (6.7) (23.4) (6.6) (6.6) (24.9) (6.5) (21.3) (10) 6 6-7 (6) 17 9 15-17 (7-9) (16) (8) 23.1 20.6-21.8 (21.3) C. pictus Saussure, 1878

Male Lectotype 2.2 3.6 12.9 2.5?????? Males (n = 3) 2.7-2.8 4.2-4.4 14.8-15.9 3.2-3.6 7.6-9.6 17.4-19 4.1-4.2 16.6-17.2 12-14 6-9 (mean) (2.7) (4.3) (15.2) (3.4) (8.7) (17.9) (4.1) (17) (13) (8) Females (n = 3) 2.7-2.8 4.3 15.2-16.1 3.8-4.1 7.3-7.9 16.4-17.9 4.2-4.5 15.6-16.9 12-14 8-9 (mean) (2.8) (4.3) (15.7) (4) (7.6) (17.4) (4.3) (16.3) (13) (9)??

18-19 9-13 (18) (11) 16-17 8-10 (17) (9)

–

–

– 19-21.5 (20.3)

C. rufidulus Saussure, 1878

Female Lectotype 2.9 4.5 20 4.5 6.4??????? 21

Males (n = 3) 2.9-3.2 4.6 19.9-20.9 4-5.1 6.9-7.3 18.7-20.1 4.3-4.7 17.2-18.5 8-10 5-7 14-16 7 –

(mean) (3) (4.6) (20.1) (4.6) (7.1) (19.3) (4.5) (17.6) (9) (6) (15) (7) – Females (n = 3) 2.5-3.4 4.5-5.2 20-23.8 4.5-5.4 6.4-8 19.8-20.3 4.9 18.2-18.8 10-11 8 15-18 8-9 19.2-22.8 (mean) (3.3) (5) (22.5) (5.1) (7.6) (20.1) (4.9) (18.5) (10) (8) (17) (9) (21)

Figures

FIG. 1. — Cardiodactylus canotus Saussure, 1878, female lectotype: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, head in facial view; D, labels. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, 1 mm.

FIG. 2. — Apex of ovipositor of: A, C. canotus Saussure,1878; B, C. gaimardi (Serville, 1838); C, C. haani Saussure,1878; D, C. pictus Saussure, 1878; E, C. rufidulus Saussure, 1878. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3. — Copulatory papilla in ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of: A, C. haani Saussure, 1878; B, C. canotus Saussure, 1878; C, C. pictus Saussure, 1878; D, C. rufidulus Saussure, 1878. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 4. — Cardiodactylus gaimardi (Serville, 1838), female lectotype: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, head in facial view; D, labels. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, 1 mm.