Erythemis collocata ( Hagen, 1861 )

Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino, Sarmiento, Carlos E. & González-Soriano, Enrique, 2015, Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae), Insecta Mundi 2015 (428), pp. 1-68 : 13-14

Erythemis collocata ( Hagen, 1861)

( Fig. 1a , 2a–c , 31 )

Mesothemis collocata Hagen, 1861: 171 .

Type material. (1 male). USA. Texas: Pecos River, no more data, 1 male ( MCZ). Examined.

Diagnosis. Thorax green (female and sexually immature male) or pruinose blue (mature male), dorsum of abdomen green with narrow stripes black on lateral, transversal and dorsal carinae on S2-9, stripes wider in S7-9 (female and sexually immature male), or pruinose blue (mature male). Abdominal appendages black. Basal area hyaline. Posterior extension of ventral teeth on male cercus beyond level of apex of epiproct ( Fig. 12 ). Posterior lobe of vesica spermalis absent, lateral lobe extended more posteriorly than medial lobe. Hook bilobed and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of vesica spermalis ( Fig. 18 ). Cornua parallel to vesica spermalis transversal axis, with lobes fused to apex, and not covered by lateral lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 20 ). In ventral view vulvar lamina triangular, not projected to the posterior region and with the posterior border acute. Lab ≤ 30mm, LcaS4/LclS4>2.10; WmS2/LcaS5 <3.

Morphometric ratios of males. Lban/Anb<1.90; LHW/Acd<3.60; LHW/LFW<0.97; LclS3/ LcaS3<2.10; AnptHW/LoptHW>0.19; LclS3/Lecv-clS3>4.00; Lab/LcaS3<3.00; Ansbt/Antr<2.70; Antr/ Lar<8.00.

Morphometric ratios of females. Lban/Anb<1.55; LHW/Acd<0.54; LHW/Lab<1.20; Lab/Las>2.50; LclS3/LcaS3<3.00; Lecv-clS3/LcaS3<1.60; Lab/LclS3<1.40; Lab/LcaS3<3.00; Ansbt/Antr<2.40; LFW/ Lnpt>2.9; Lnpt/Anb<1.20.

Head. Ll: 0.0009 –0.0014 mm (M); 0.0013 –0.0014 mm (F). Lw: 0.0031 –0.0033 mm (M); 0.0031 – 0.0035 mm (F). Hwd: 0.0055 –0.0062 mm (M); 0.0059 –0.0061 mm (F). Hl: 0.0031 –0.0036 mm (M); 0.0032 – 0.0036 mm (F).

Legs. Nsmf: 7–10 (M); 6–7 (F). Nshf: 16–24 (M); 11–17 (F). Hfl: 0.0058 –0.0063 mm (M); 0.0058 – 0.0061 mm (F). Fbsd: 0.0022 –0.0025 mm (M); 0.0022mm (F). Mfl: 0.0035 –0.0041 mm (M); 0.0035 – 0.0038 mm (F). Dshf (the conditions separated by commas are present in different specimens): short spines-3 long spines, short spines-1 median spine-3 long spines.

Wings. LoptFW: 0.0028 –0.0031 mm (M); 0.0031 –0.0034 mm (F). AnptFW: 0.0050 –0.0068 mm (M); 0.0068 –0.0075 mm (F). LoptHW: 0.0030 –0.0033 mm (M); 0.0033 –0.0035 mm (F). AnptHW: 0.0062 – 0.0068 mm (M); 0.005 –0.008 mm (F). DfwHW: 0.0057 –0.0066 mm (M); 0.0058 –0.0061 mm (F). LbanFW: 14.47–16.42mm (M); 14.00– 15.74mm (F). LbanHW: 12.24–13.87mm (M); 11.94–13.17mm (F). and FW: 6.92–7.61mm (M); 7.65–7.77mm (F). Wb: 9.11–10.19mm (M); 9.00– 9.73mm (F). LFW: 30.54–32.11mm (M); 30.00–32.00mm (F). LHW: 30.00– 31.24mm (M); 27.97–30.71mm (F). AnsbtFW: 0.0016 –0.0020 mm (M); 0.0015 –0.0020 mm (F). AntrFW: 0.0080 –0.0093 mm (M); 0.0081 –0.0093 mm (F). LarFW: 0.003 – 0.006 mm (M); 0.001 –0.006 mm (F). LarHW: 0.003 –0.005 mm (M); 0.002 –0.006 mm (F). LnptFW: 10.00– 11.11mm (M); 10.00–11.00mm (F). LnptHW: 11.00– 12.33mm (M); 10.70–12.24mm (F). At-MP: 0.0006 –0.005 mm (M); 0.0003 –0.0012 mm (F). LbaFW: 0.0028 –0.0032 (M); 0.0028 –0.0030 mm (F). LbaHW: 0.0029 –0.0034 mm (M); 0.0028 –0.0030 mm (F). RP2-loptFW: 0.000 – 0.003 mm (M); 0.000 – 0.006 mm (F). RP2-loptHW: 0.000 – 0.004 mm (M); 0.001 –0.004 mm (F). Dat-lsbt: 0.0006 –0.0020 mm (M); 0.001 –0.003 mm (F). As-MP: 0.0008 –0.0012 mm (M); 0.0010 –0.0013 mm (F). Crp: 9–10 (FW), 9–11 ( HW). Cal: 3–6. PC- RA-RP1: 2–3. CdfFW: only 3 rows of cells ; 1 triple cell-1 double cell-3 rows of cells. Vt: 1–2.

Abdomen. Lab: 24.00–27.00mm (M); 24.52–25.88mm (F). LcaS3: 0.0008 –0.0011 mm (M); 0.0009 – 0.0012 mm (F). LclS3: 0.0014 –0.0022 mm (M); 0.0019 –0.0021 mm (F). Lecv-clS3: 0.0014 –0.0019 mm (M); 0.0013 –0.0015 mm (F).

Caudal appendages. Las: 0.0014 –0.0018 mm (M); 0.0006 –0.0011 mm (F). Poas: 0.0009 –0.003 mm (M); 0.0015 –0.0018 mm (F). Anas: 0.003 –0.006 mm (M); 0.003 –0.005 mm (F). Ddas: 0.002 –0.005 mm (M). Epl: 0.0009 –0.0012 mm (M); 0.003 –0.006 mm (F). Pritchard and Smith (1956) used the caudal appendage length to differentiate the E. collocata and E. simplicicollis larvae. Costa and Pujol-Luz (1993) found that the cercus length exceeds half of the epiproct length.

Larva. Pritchard and Smith (1956) mention the character “lateral anal appendages two-thirds as long as superior appendage”, to differentiate the species. According to Costa and Pujol-Luz (1993) the number of premental or palpal setae has not been recorded, and the cercus is between 1/2 and 2/3 of the length of the epiproct.

Material examined. USA, Arizona, Cochise Co. , pond at Slaughter Ranch , 26 km E of Douglas, 31°20’11” 109°16’44”, 1160 m, 9.viii.1995, R. W. Garrison leg., 1 female ( RWG) ; same, but Muleshoe Ranch, Bass Creek, Hot Springs , 32°21’10” 110°15’26”, 1196 m, R. W. Garrison, N. v. Ellenrieder leg., 1 male ( RWG) ; same, but Yavapai, Santa María River at Ariz. Hwy. , 96, 8.x.1990, R. W. Garrison leg., 1 male ( RWG) ; same, but Yuma Co., Mohawk, Gila River at Mohawk Valley Blvd., 32°42’52” 114°0’52”, 80m, 30.ix.2002, R. W. Garrison, N. v. Ellenrieder leg., 1 mle ( RWG) ; California, Fresno Co., Avocado Lake , 12.ix.1977, S.W. Dunkle leg., 1 male, 1 female ( CNIN) ; same, but Riverside Co., Dos Palmas Nature Preserve, NE corner of Salton Sea, ca 2 mi E Salton. Sea recreation area, 33°29’50” 115°49’54”, 60 m, 12–13.v.2001, R. W. Garrison leg., 1 female ( RWG) ; Nuevo México, Cháves Co., Bottomless Lakes State Park , 32°3’45” 104°28’18”, 1129 m, 2.viii.1984, R. W. and J. A. Garrison leg., 1 male ( RWG) .

Remarks. The label attached to the holotype says “TYPE 1871”, however the species description was published in 1861.

Biology. In Sutter Co. (California), E. collocata adults feeds on Anopheles freeborni Aitken ( Diptera : Culicidae ) mosquitoes in rice crops (Yuval and Bouskila 1993). A high percentage of attacks on mosquitoes were documented at sunset when mosquitoes gathered in copulatory or postcopulatory swarms (Yuval and Bouskila 1993). Collection labels indicate that E. collocata also feeds on specimens of Syrphidae (Diptera) , antlions (Neuroptera) and Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen in Selys ( Odonata : Calopterygidae ). Manolis (2003) mentioned that E. collocata exhibit a territorial mating system, which was corroborated by Wong-Muñoz et al. (2011) who also found that emergence of the largest individuals occur at the end of the mating season.

Distribution. Canada to Mexico ( Fig. 31 ), between 30–2286 m. asl.

Figures

Figure 1. a) Plot showing continuous variation for the character distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), opposite to meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae on S3 (lmt). Numbers represent the following species: 1) E. attala, 2) E. carmelita, 3) E. collocata, 4) E. credula, 5) E. haematogastra, 6) E. mithroides, 7) E. peruviana, 8) E. plebeja, 9) E. simplicicollis, 10) E. vesiculosa. b) S1-3 E. carmelita males showing the measures from Williamson (1923): distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), divided by the measure of distance between meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae and ventral carinae (lmt).

Figure 2. Plots of the first two discriminant functions of the discriminant analysis. a) The first two discriminant functions explain 72.5% in males, the cases in where species are overlapped were analyzed by separated in b. b) The first two discriminant functions explain 88.3% in males, and c) The first two discriminant functions explain 83.7% in F. Polygons define the limits of proposed groups.

Figure 31. Erythemis collocata distribution map.

Figures 10–17. Discrete characters of vulvar lamina, abdominal appendages, thorax, and femur.Numbers represent the following species: 10) E. peruviana female; 11) E. plebeja female; 12) E. simplicicollis male; 13) E. mithroides male; 14) E. vesiculosa male; 15) E. peruviana female; 16) E. vesiculosa female, 17) E. attala male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, S 8 -S 9: Abdominal segments 8-9; LV: Vulvar lamina; Pb: Posterior border; Vt: Teeth ventral; Ai: Inferior appendage; As: Antehumeral stripe.

Figures 18–25. Discrete characters of vesica spermalis. Numbers represent the following species:18) E. mithroides, dorsal view; 19) E. carmelita, left side view; 20) E. vesiculosa, left side view; 21) E. peruviana, left side view; 22) E. credula, dorsal wiew; 23) E. haematogastra, right side view; 24) E. credula, finger-shaped structures, dorsal view; 25) E. plebeja, dorsal view. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, C: Cornua; L: Lateral lobe; H: Hook; Pb: Posterior border; M: Medial lobe; P: Posterior lobe; NH: Hook not bilobed.