Marpissina

Edwards, G. B., Baert, L. & Fdacs, 1903, New Species, Combinations, and Records of Jumping Spiders in the Galápagos Islands (Araneae: Salticidae), Belgian Journal of Entomology 67, pp. 1-27 : 1-27

Subtribe Marpissina

Balmaceda minor (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) comb. nov.

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Fig. 11 (A-F)

Marpissa minor F. O. P.- CAMBRIDGE, 1901: 250, pl. 22, f. 5-6 (Description male & female). Marpissa minor, KRAUS, 1955: 77 , f. 221-222 (male, removed from S of M. californica ).

DIAGNOSIS: Color pattern essentially the same as B. abba sp. nov., but with a proportionately longer carapace, an epigynal copulatory opening and copulatory duct head that are proportionately half as wide, and a much larger body size.

DESCRIPTION: Holotype male: BL = 7.43, CL = 3.40, CW = 2.34, AER = 1.80, PER = 1.78. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and one bicuspid retromarginal tooth. Carapace dark brown laterally, dorsal eye field medium brown, median thoracic slope broadly yellow brown. Dorsal abdomen cream colored medially with slightly darker median cardiac mark anteriorly, broad light brown stripes laterally containing, along the inner edge, two pair of larger dark brown marks beginning at mid-point of length, followed by two pair of very small dark brown spots near posterior end, similar to some other slender species of Balmaceda ; also there is a very narrow anterior brown band that extends about ¾ the length of the abdomen as a very narrow line. Entire venter dark cream colored except legs I light orange brown and chelicerae dark orange brown. Spinnerets cream colored except lateral brown line on anterior laterals. Leg macrosetae: I M v 2-2, Tb 2-1p-2-2, F dp 1-1-0, p 1-0-0; II like I except Tb 2-2-2; III M v 2-0, p 2-0, r 2-0, Tb v 2-0-0, p 0-1-0, r 0-1-0, F dp 1-1-0, dr 1-0-0, p 1-0-0; IV M v 2-0, Tb 2- 0, F dp 1-0-0, dr 1-0-0.

Paratype female: BL = 9.16, CL = 4.12, CW = 2.86, AER = 2.07, PER = 2.01. Very similar to male, except larger, and dark areas more pronounced, especially dark marks on abdomen; the anterior part of the abdomen is damaged, but presumably that part is similar to the male, as it is in other respects. Leg macrosetae identical to male.

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19 NOTES: This species has a complex history that will be explained further in an ongoing study of Balmaceda (Ruiz & Edwards, in prep.). Suffice to say at this point that it has been erroneously transferred to other genera, erroneously synonymized with other species, and had other species erroneously synonymized with it. It is only known to occur in Mexico.

Eight species of Balmaceda are presently listed by the World Spider Catalog (2016). Only two previously were known from both sexes. The six other listed species are poorly known and presently under study (RUIZ & EDWARDS, in prep.). As is typical of the two previously known paired species of Balmaceda , males and females of B. minor are very similar in appearance (see EDWARDS, 2006; RUBIO et al., 2016). We include here illustrations of the types of B. minor , confirming this intersexual similarity. Although not a Galapagoan species, the redescription is included here for comparison with the closely related endemic species described below.

Balmaceda abba sp. nov.

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Figs 11 (G-J), 12

Balmaceda estebanensis, GALIANO & BAERT, 1990 ; misidentification.

ETYMOLOGY: Named in honor of the Swedish pop group ABBA, the group name of which was an acronym, to be considered a noun in apposition.

TYPES: Holotype female from Isla Santa Cruz: Sierra Negra, 20.II.1986 (L. Baert, K. Desender, J.P. Maelfait; I.G.: 27.047); female paratype from Isla Isabela: Volcan Alcedo, 800 m, camp by water tank, 29.XI.2012 (W. Dekoninck 12/135); female paratype from Isla San Cristobal, Punta Bassa , 23-24.III.2009 (L. Baert, B.09/027).

RECORDS: Isla Fernandina : Punta Espinosa , 24.III.1988, 2j (L. Baert, K. Desender, J.P. Maelfait; I.G.: 27.318(473)); Isla Isabela: Volcan Wolf, 125 m, 21.III.1988, 1 pM (L. Baert, K. Desender, J.P. Maelfait; I.G.: 27.318(448)); Volcan Wolf, 23.III.1988, 2j (L. Baert, K. Desender, J.P. Maelfait; I.G.: 27.318(469)) .

DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to B. minor , but the carapace is proportionately shorter, the epigynal copulatory openings and copulatory duct heads are proportionately twice as wide, the leg macrosetae are distinctive, it is significantly smaller, and the combined geographic range is not convincing ( B. minor is only known from Mexico).

Compared to other Galapagoan species, adults are either larger than other species, or more elongate than the other large species. Most similar to Menemerus bivittatus , but body more slender, less flattened, and with a contrasting striped abdominal color pattern that includes spots.

DESCRIPTION: BL = 7.60 (6.72), CL = 3.07 (2.66), CW = 2.18 (1.88), AER =1.59 (1.49), PER = 1.59 (1.51). General appearance identical to B. minor , except lateral areas (including spots) on dorsal abdomen in shades of gray. Leg macrosetae: I M v 2-2, Tb 2-1p-2-2, F dp 1-1-0, p 1-0-0; II like I except Tb 2-2-2 (see Notes); III M v 2-0 (1r), p 1-0, r 1-0, Tb v 2-0-0, p 0-1- 0, r 0-1-0, F dp 1-1-0, dr 1-0-0, p 1-0-0; IV M v 2-0, p 1-0, Tb 2-0-0, F dr 1-0-0.

Male unknown.

NOTES: The ventral macrosetae of the second metatarsi are unusual in that the distal pair and the two other retrolateral macrosetae are all much smaller than the other macrosetae. However, they are not very short as occurs in B. distans and Metacyrba species.

Other than the three type females, the remaining specimens are all juvenile, including a penultimate male. Based on the shape of the female copulatory openings and duct heads, it can be predicted that the male embolus will be broader than that of the male of B. minor .

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Balmaceda distans ( Banks, 1924) comb. nov.

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Fig. 13

Phanias distans Banks, 1924

RECORDS: Isla Santiago : Ravine directly east of Cerro Cowan, eroded cave in west wall, depth 5 m, 18.IV.1975, 1 female (W.G. Reeder, I.G.: 32091); highland (260 m), transition wood, 8.IV.1982, 1 female (L. Baert, J.P. Maelfait) .

DIAGNOSIS: The relatively large size will quickly separate this species from any other Galapagoan salticid except for B. abba and the three introduced synanthropic species: Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1827) , Menemerus bivittatus (DeGeer, 1831) , and Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1827) . From the synanthropes it can be readily distinguished by the genital structures and leg I macrosetae pattern. From B. abba it can be distinguished by the latter being more elongate, less flattened, and with a striped color pattern on the abdomen, and by the genitalia. Genitalia in the male similar to other Balmaceda , but RTA forked at the tip and lacking ventral basal prong. Females similar to other Balmaceda in overall genital structure and abdominal pattern, but with a distinctive anterior broad T-shaped atrium and distinctive black spermathecae posterolaterally. Carapace more parallel-sided and slighter higher than is typical for the genus.

FEMALE DESCRIPTION: BL = 7.96, CL = 3.39, CW = 2.57, AER = 2.42, PER = 2.32 (Cerro Cowan specimen). Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and one monocuspid (atypical for genus) retromarginal tooth. Carapace, chelicerae, endites, and labium reddish brown, sternum and legs yellowish brown, carapace atypically monochromatic for the genus. Abdomen gray with a faint pattern consisting of a pair of narrow broken pale submedial stripes, some short pale oblique side bands, and a few narrow chevrons posteriorly where the entire median area is pale; venter light gray with darker gray laterally. The second female is gravid with the abdomen more than half as wide as long. Legs with typical marpissine macrosetation, with subdistal prolateral macroseta on anterior tibiae moved to a ventral position, resulting in four ventral macrosetae on proventral side, and three on retroventral side. Leg macrosetae: I M v 2-2, Tb v 2-1p-2-2 (retrolaterals unusually small, similar to those of Metacyrba ), F dp 1-1-0, p 1-0-0; II M v 2-2, Tb v 2-2-2, F dp 2-1-0; III M v 2-0, p 2-0, r 2-0, Tb v 2-0-1p, F dp 2-1-0, dr 1-0-0; IV M v 2-0, Tb 2-0-1p, F dp 1-0-0, dr 1-0-0.

21 NOTES: The male holotype could not be found, but the original description and illustrations seem sufficient to place the species in Balmaceda . The apparent restricted distribution of the male and females to Santiago and Baltra islands, just north of Isla Santa Cruz, along with both belonging to Balmaceda , is evidence that they belong together.

The shift of the prolateral femoral macroseta next to the dorsoprolateral macroseta (F dp 2-1-0 vs F dp 1-1-0, p 1-0-0) is similar to what occurs in some dendryphantines (e.g., EDWARDS, 2004). Along with the somewhat dendryphantine-like carapace, it is not hard to understand why BANKS (1924) originally placed this species in a dendryphantine genus. Also, the monocuspid retromarginal cheliceral tooth is atypical for the genus and probably

22 plesiomorphic, possibly indicating, along with the other atypical apparently plesiomorphic characters, that this is the basal species in the genus.

Figures

Fig. 11. Balmaceda minor comb. nov. Holotype male A-C, B-C right palp mirror imaged: A. dorsal, B. palp ventral, C. palp retrolateral. Paratype female D-F: D. dorsal, E. epigyne ventral cleared, F. epigyne dorsal cleared. Balmaceda abba sp. nov. Holotype female G-I: G. dorsal, H. ventral, I. epigyne ventral, J. paratype female: epigyne dorsal cleared.

Fig. 13. Balmaceda distans comb. nov. Female [A-C Cerro Cowan specimen (legs I missing), D-F highland specimen (left leg I present)]. A. dorsal, B. ventral, C. epigyne ventral, D. epigyne dorsal cleared, E. epigyne ventral cleared, F. anterior venter, showing leg I macrosetae (arrow) and cheliceral teeth.