M. debilis Sw., Prodr. [O.P.Swartz]: 53 (1788).
|
publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.115.29041 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1C7EBF9-376E-22EC-2206-8AC5CCC1A1B6 |
|
treatment provided by |
|
|
scientific name |
M. debilis Sw., Prodr. [O.P.Swartz]: 53 (1788). |
| status |
|
1. M. debilis Sw., Prodr. [O.P.Swartz]: 53 (1788).
M. debilis Sw. var. ovata Delile ex Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 17 (1849). Lectotype (Sukhorukov, designated here): Overseas territories of France. Guadeloupe, herb. Desfontaines (P00798994!).
M. debilis var. rhombifolia Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 17 (1849). Holotype: [without locality data] "Herb. Poiret in Herb. Moquin-Tandon" (P00798997!). Note: One specimen at K contains both varieties ( M. debilis var. ovata and M. debilis var. rhombifolia ) mounted on one sheet and identified as such by Moquin-Tandon. It contains several plant fragments with different labels. The varieties can barely be distinguished from one another.
Lectotype.
(designated by Howard and Howard 1982: 76): OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE NETHERLANDS. St. Eustatius, F. Masson s.n. in Herb. Banks (BM000019252!). Note. The species was described from the West Indies, and Saint Christopher Island (also known as Saint Kitts Island, St. Kitts & Nevis) was reported as the only locality in the protologue. Although the personal herbarium of Swartz is incorporated in S, he noted for some species in his book ( Swartz 1788) that in such cases he used the herbarium collections in Banks’s possession ( Stearn 1961, Howard and Howard 1982). The collections used by Swartz (1788) are listed in Swartz’s subsequent publication, Flora Indiae Occidentalis, in which the original locality of M. debilis was stated more accurately as the island of "St. Eustathii", and “Masson” was indicated as the collector ( Swartz 1797: 543). This specimen is the only element associated with the taxon by the original author, and consequently it was designated as the lectotype of the name ( Howard and Howard 1982: 76). Although this was not indicated in the protologue, probably a further collection was available to Swartz by that time: a specimen of M. debilis collected by H. de Ponthieu (reportedly in Grenada) was acquired by Swartz from Banks and subsequently given to L.J. Montin, a Swedish collector of herbarium material, whose private herbarium became part of S along with that of Swartz himself ( Lindman 1916).
Description.
Annuals, glabrous; stems decumbent, up to 30 cm (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); rosulate leaves up to 9 (10-12) cm, long-petiolate, obovate or oblong, mostly persistent; cauline leaves rhombic or ovate, cuneate; inflorescence a spike (Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ); flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate (pedicels at fruiting ~1 mm); bracteoles absent; perianth segments 5, greenish, lanceolate or oblong; stamens (4)5; stigmas 2, thick; fruit roundish, 1.1-1.25 mm long and 1.0-1.2 mm wide (Fig. 4A, B View Figure 4 ), with finger-shaped outgrowths (up to 0.4 mm long); seed ~1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ).
Habitat.
Sands, forest margins, or as a weed; altitudes up to 1000(1200) m a.s.l.
Distribution.
Native to American tropics (Fig. 12 View Figure 12 ).
Specimens examined.
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA: Dimsdale, 29 Aug 1937, H.E. Box 1005 (BM000019212); BELIZE: Manatee Lagoon, 1905, M.E. Peck 42 (K); 22 mile of Stann Creek river, 250 ft, 3 July 1932, W.A. Schipp 286 (K); Bright Lookout Bank, Sibun river, 12 Jan 1935, P.H. Gentle 1487 (K); Toledo distr., 28 Oct 2005, C. Whitefoord & V. Quiroz 106292 (BM000895516); BOLIVIA: La Paz, Upper Rio Beni, Dec 1906, J.W. Evans 54 (BM); Rio Acre, Jan 1912, E. Ule 9363 (G, K); Beni Dept., provinces Ballivián & Yacuma, 27 May 1985, I. Guareco 477 (M); Beni Dept., provinces Ballivian & Yacuma, comunidad Charaton, 11 Mar 1995, E. Rivero 293 (M); BRAZIL: Acre: Sena Madureira Mun., 10 Oct 1968, G.T. Prance & al. 7958 (P05197144, U1473418); Serra do Moa, 24 Apr 1971, G.T. Prance et al. 12403 (K); Sena Madureira to Rio Branco, 10 Oct 1968, G.T. Prance et al. 7958 (K); Cruzeiro do Sul, 18 Nov 2001, T.B. Croat 85419 (NY01187675 - image!); Amazonas: Barra do Rio Negro [Manaus], 1850, R. Spruce 1078 (BM000019274, M); Mun. Boca do Acre, Rio Acre, Jan 1912, E. Ule 9363 (L1673158); Barcelos, 9 Sep 1962, A.P. Duarte 7284 (RB00272328 - image!); Manaus, 20 Oct 1971, P.J.M. Maas & H. Maas 498 (U1473424); Manaus Mun., Rio Cuieiras, 50 km upstream, farm of Sr. Nemerio, 2 Apr 1974, J.C. Ongley & J.F. Ramos P21790 (K, U1473416); Rio Mapari, ca 30 km E of Borba, 24 Jun 1983, C. Todzia et al. 2246 (K); Maués Mun., ca. 20 km E of Maués, 23 Jul 1983, S.R. Hill 13146 (K); Maranhão: Rio Perizes, 12 Dec 1976, B.G.S. Ribeiro & G.S. Pinheiro 1752 (IAN154119 - image!); Parà: 1908, C.F. Baker 29 (K, M); Rio Tapajos, 29 Feb 1920, anonym 14684 (RB00272338 - image!); Belém, 10 Nov 1942, W.A. Archer 7794 (K); Pernambuco: Aliança, Rio Branco, Apr 1913, J.G. Kuhlmann 3139 (RB00272342 - image!); Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Jan 1898, Reinedly s.n. (E). Note: The isolated record from Rio Grande do Sul may be locally alien, since the specimen was collected near the port. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca Dept.: Bogotá, 1851-1857, J. Triana 5260 (P04598044); Guainía Dept.: Rio Negro, San Felipe, 28 Sep1921, Ph.v. Luetzelburg 22249 (M); Magdalena Dept.: Santa Marta, 1898-1901, H.H. Smith 1246 (BM000019264, G, E, K, L1673160, LE, P04598033); Antioquia Dept.: Vuelta de Acuña, 14 Jan 1918, F.W. Pennell 3815 (K); Bolivar Dept.: nr Turbaco, 9 Nov 1926, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 14359 (LE); Amazonas Dept.: Rio Putumayo, Sep/Oct 1930, G. Klug 1647 (BM000019246, K); Rio Igara Paraná, Puerto Buenaventura, 12 Oct 1973, C. Sastre 2484 (P04448856); Santander Dept.: Puerto Berrio, 6 Jun 1935, O. Haught 1752 (BR, BM000019237); nr Barrancabermeja, 5 Mar 1967, J. de Bruijin 1593 (WAG1166513); Tolima Dept.: San Sebastián de Mariquita, 25 Sep 2001, G.C. Bernal et al. 1096 (COL000007803 - image!); COSTA RICA: Talamanca, Mar 1894, A. Tonduz 8712 (BM000019277, P03321182); Sipurio, Apr 1894, H. Pittier & Th. Durand 8712 (M, P04598123); Alajuela prov., Los Chiles, 4 Aug 1949, R.W. Holm & H.H. Iltis 933 (G, P04598124); Limón prov., Cordillera de Talamanca, 9°40'25"N, 83°01'35"W, 24 Feb 1989, G. Herrera 2439 (BM000019239); DOMINICA: 1838, Murray 344 (K); Oct 1881, H. Eggers 563 (BR, G, L1673154, LE, LY, M, P04597992); Dubuc, 21 Jul 1983, Assi & Portecop 16503 (P06806988); St. Patrick, 8 Feb 1986, C. Whitefoord 5386 (BM000019281); DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Higüey, Nov 1946, R.A. Howard & E.S. Howard 9731 (P04598162); ECUADOR: Esmeraldas prov.: Timbre, 2 Jun 1955, E. Asplund 16558 (B, G, K, P04598007); Guayas prov.: Balao, [without date] Hamilton 373 (K, BM000019242); Balao, Dec 1891, Eggers 14122 (B); Guayaquil, 1846-1849, W. Jameson 373 (BM); nr Naranjito, Jun 1945, W.H. Camp 3575 (P04598008); Los Ríos prov.: Clementina on Rio Pita, 12 Mar 1939, E. Asplund 5253 (BR, G, K, P04598009); Manabi prov.: El Recreo, 1897, H. Eggers 14927 (LE); Naranjapata, 21 Nov 1933, H.J.F. Schimpff 505 (G, M); Napo prov.: Puerto Misahualli, May 1983, W. Palacios et al. 366 (K); FRENCH GUIANA: St Georges, 14 May 1983, M.F. Prévost 1356 (P04598030); Eau Claire, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 15 Aug 1993, S. Mori et al. 23295 (P05197089); Elahé, Abati Ti Wan, 6 Mar 1999, M. Pignal 927 (P00176753); Cayenne, 15 May 1999, M.-F. Prévost 3657 (P5197094, U1473414); GRENADA [Main Island]: 1844, J. Goudot s.n. (P04598036); Victoria [city], 20 Nov 1957, G.R. Proctor 17140 (BM000019255); St. George’s, 11 May 1905, Broadway 4366 (BR); GUADELOUPE (selected specimens): see type of M. debilis var. ovata ; [without exact location and date] Bertero, herb. J. Gay 1820 (K); [without exact location and date] coll. Bertero s.n. [herb. De Candolle] (G00676754); [without exact location] 1907, P. Duss 41 (LY); Rivage de Capesterre, 1 Apr 1943, Questel 5064 (P04597987); GUATEMALA: Izabal, Aug 1870, G. Bernoulli 877 (G, K); GUYANA (selected specimens): [without location] 1868, Schomburgk 229 (BR, L1673157, P04598083); Mazaruni river, Sep 1880, G.S. Jenman 748 (K); Mazaruni river, Aug 1889, Jenman 5277 (BM000019244, K); Rockstone, Sep 1905, A.W. Bartlett 8559 (K); Aruka, NW district, Nov 1915, C.K. Bancroft & N. Persaud s.n. (K); Tumatumari village, Jun 1921, H.A. Gleason 18 (K); Amakura river, Northwest district, 8°10'N, 60°W, Mar 1923, J.S. de la Cruz 3548 (K); Pomeroon district, Moruka river, Jul 1927, J.S. de la Cruz 4601 (K); Cuyuni river, near Lower Camaria landing, 23 Nov 1929, N.Y. Sadwith 666 (K); Mabaruma compound, 11 Jul 1934, W.A. Archer 2256 (K); Waranama ranch, intermediate Savannahs, Berbice river, 9 Jun 1958, Harrison 1073 (K); Potaro river, near Amatuk, 2000 ft, 10 Sep 1959, B.A. Whitton 344 (K); [West Demerara Region] Essequibo, Henrietta, 4 Feb 1960, J.A. Harris 143 (MHA); Royal Island, 5 May 1985, C. Feuillet 2181 (B, P04598031); Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, near Eping river, 5°58'N, 60°13'W, 396 m, 10 Feb 1991, T. McDowell 3985 (K, U1473392); Pomeroon-Supenaam Region, Kabakaburi river, 8 Sep 1992, B. Hofmann & L. Roberts 2443 (U1473417); Rupununi distr., Manari, 2 Aug 1995, M.J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 4733 (U1473413); North-West distr., Moruka river, 9 Oct 1997, T. van Andel 1959 (U1473415); HAITI: Ile La Tortue [Tortuga Island], La Vallée, 21 May 1925, E.L. Ekman 4063 (G, K); HONDURAS: Roatan Island, Aug 1886, G.F. Gaumer 27 (K); Santa Barbara Dept., San Pedro Sula, May 1888, C. Thieme 5427 (K); nr Cangrejal river, foothills of Ceiba, 29 Jul 1938, T.G. Yuncker et al. 8674 (BM00019283, G, K); Gracias a Dios dept., Cocobila, 10 Feb 1981, G.R. Proctor 38968 (BM000019258); Gracias a Dios dept., Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, 30 May 1985, S.G. Knees 2821 (BM000019248); Atlántida, La Ceiba, 26 Sep 1991, M. Chorley 439 (BM); Gracias a Dios dept., Tawahka Asangni Biosphere Reserve, 1994, P. House 99 (BM000833935); JAMAICA: Negril, 9 Mar 1908, W. Harris 10214 (BM000019231, K, P04598156); MARTINIQUE: [year] 1833, Sieber 93 (BM000019251, BR, G, M, P04597991); [without exact location] 1839, Rivoire s.n. (P04597989); [without exact location] 1868-1869, Hahn 1026 (B); nr St Pierre, Jun 1879, Cosson 811 (K); June 1913, M. Mouret 128 (P04597990); Tivoli, 12 Dec 1944, H. Stehle 5552 (U1473388); MONTSERRAT: Plymouth, 5 Feb 1959, G.R. Proctor 19021 (BM000019257); NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: St. Eustatius Island, [without exact location] 1908, I. Boldingh 89 (U1473381); Saba Island, Bottom city, 29 Aug 1947, F. Arnoldo 892 (U1473385); St. Martin: Filipsburg to Belvedere, 18 Aug 1908, I. Boldingh 2588 (U1473387); NICARAGUA: Omotepe Island, Oct 1869, P. Lévy 241 (G, P04598125); Puerto Cabezas, 5 Oct 1978, W.D. Stevens 10563 (MO-20480120 - image!); Wiwili Mun., 20 Jan 2006, I. Coronado et al. 30888 (MEXU); PANAMÁ: Isthmus of Panama, Feb 1850, A. Fendler 109 (K); [no exact location] Jul 1861, J. Hayn 196 (BM000019238, K); Isla Brava, 8 Jun 1909, E. André 350 (K); El Real, 16 Jun 1959, W.L. Stern et al. 621 (LE); Fort San Lorenzo, 17 Dec 1966, D. Burch et al. 1025 (K); Ailigandi, 8 Oct 1978, B. Hammel 5041 (MEXU); PERU: Huánuco Region: Prov. Pachitea, Dept. Huanuco, Bosque National de Iparia, 6 Dec 1966, J. Schunke 1322 (G); Panguana, Nov/Dec 2008, G. Gerlach 136 (M); Puno Region: [San] Gaban, Aug 1854, R.F. Hohenacker 2443 (G, M); Loreto Region: Maucallacta, Rio Paranapura, Jan 1935, G. Klug 3959 (BM000019247, K); Loreto prov., 30 Oct 1940, E. Asplund 14151 (G, K); Loreto dept., Rio Nanya, 7 Aug 1972, T.B. Croat 18874 (E); Dept. Iquitos, Maynas, 19 May 1986, M. Rimachi 8194 (BR); San Martín Region: Prov. Mariscal Cáceres, Dept. Tocache Nuevo, 6 Nov 1969, J. Schunke 3585 (G); PUERTO RICO: nr Dorado, Mar 1922, N.L. Britton et al. 6650 (NY00992870 - image!); Yabacoa, 11 Oct 1968, R.J. Wagner 1687 (U1473389); Mun. de Patillas, 15 May 1988, C.M. Taylor & J. Druitt 8097 (NY00992874 - image!); ST. KITTS & NEVIS: St. Kitts, nr Canada Estate, Sep/Oct 1901, N.L. Britton & J.F. Cowell 275 (NY01509872 - image!); ST. LUCIA: St Lucia, Jun 1879, H.B. Murray s.n. (K); Soufrière, 1958, G.R. Proctor 17789 (BM000019256); Anse Mamin, 21 Nov 1938, H.E. Box 1999 (BM); ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES: St. Vincent [Island], 1822, L. Guilding s.n. (K); St. Vincent Island, 1826, Lambert s.n. (BR); [St. Vincent Island] pastures at Petit Bordell estate, 14 Oct 1949, I. Velez 3341 (K); St. Vincent Island, [without date and collector] 178 (BM000019219); SURINAME (selected specimens): 1843, Hostmann s.n. (K); Paramaribo, 1851, Wullschlaegel 445 (BR); Groningen, 10 May 1916, J.A. Samuels 115 (K, L1673164, P04598019); Corantijnpolder nr Nieuw Nickerie, 27 Aug 1933, J. Lanjouw 634 (K); Landsboerderij, 11 Feb 1955, J.C. Lindeman 521 (U1473398); Zuid river, 3°20'N, 56°49'W, 30 Sep 1963, H.S. Irwin et al. 57701 (M, P04598018); distr. Suriname, Kalpoeweg, 13 Apr 1981, Ch. Kalpoe 16588 (U1473404); Marowijne, Bigiston, 13 Apr 2006, T.R. van Andel & L. McIntosh 5180 (L0842725); TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (selected specimens): Trinidad [Island], 1826, Sieber 134 (L1673148, LE, M, P04598179); Tobago [Island], Nov 1889, H. Eggers 5826 (P04597985); Tobago, Roxborough, 16 Oct 1912, W.E. Broadway 4642 (G, K); Tobago, 15 May 1913, anonym s.n. (P04597986); Trinidad, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture [St Augustine], New Farm, 80 ft, 20 Feb 1958, J.W. Purseglove 6112 (K); Trinidad, Curepe, 8 miles E of Port-of-Spain, 25 May 1975, A. Raynal 15549 (K); Tobago, Castara, 18 Jul 1910, W.R. Broadway 4068 (E); VENEZUELA (selected specimens): Amazonas: Dept. Casiquiare, Maroa, 25 Aug 1978, O. Huber 2571 (K); Alto Orinoco Mun., 1 May 2005, A. Fernández et al. 21234 (NYBG03142590 - image!); Aragua State: Maracay, [without date] P.C. Vogl 20 (BR, M); Barinas State: Barinas to San Cristobal, 13 Mar 1964, F.J. Breteler 3692 (WAG1166512); Capital District: Caracas, 1864, Grosourdy 19 (P04598045); Cordillera de la Costa, 19 Aug 2000, W. Meier et al. 7418 (M); Cordillera de la Costa, 1 May 2002, W. Meier et al. 8153 (G); Carabobo State: Companero, 1843, J. Linden 1338 (LE, P04598050); San Esteban, 1893-1894, Mocquerys s.n. (H1332163); Chirgua, 700 m, 1 Jan 1939, A.H.G. Alston 5960 (BM000019204, LE, U1473454); Distr. Bejuma, 16 Apr 2000, W. Meier & N. Flauger 6878 (G); Delta Amacuro State: Delta of Orinoco, San Antonio, 16 Feb 1911, F.E. Bond et al. 140 (K); Falcón State: Rio Tucuyo, 26 Jan 1966, J.A. Steyermark & A. Braun 94504 (M); Mérida State: El Vigia, [without date] Mocquerys 981 (P05197141); Monagas State: Lower Orinoco, Sacupana, Apr 1896, H.H. Rusby & R.W. Squires 77 (E, G, K, M); Sucre State: Cumaná, 1893-1894, Mocquerys 814 (K, P04598035); Trujillo State: Trujillo city, 22 May 1971, C. Emilin & B. de Rojas 964 (U1473456); Vargas State: road from La Suagra to Macuto, Apr 1854, anonym s.n. (K); Yaracuy State: Chivacoa, 6 Mar 2004, W. Meier & S. Nehlin 10101 (G); San Felipe distr., 23 Mar 2004, W. Meier & J.L. Escalona 10219 (B 10 0455316); Zulia State: Maracaibo, 1826, Plée s.n. (P04598048); [without exact location] 1893-1894, Mocquerys 931 (P04598034); VIRGIN ISLANDS (US): St Croix, Jolly Hill, 20 Jan 1906, C. Raunkier s.n. (BR, P04598163); St. Thomas, Charlotte Amalie, 9 Feb 1913, N.L. Britton et al. 470 (NYBG01509850 - image!); Note: Data were not available on the presence of the species in Cuba, in agreement with the recent treatment of Microtea in this country ( Greuter 2002). As alien found in tropical Africa ( Bamps 1974; see also Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ): CAMEROON: Douala, sea shore, Oct 1938, H. Jacques-Félix 2203 (P04621264); Douala, 50 m, 21 Mar 1967, A. Meurillon 661 (K); Douala, 8 Oct 1969, anonym 1721 (P04621263, WAG1166511); West province, Moliwe, 3 miles N of Victoria, 400 ft, 16 Aug 1969, H. Chuml 301 (K); South-West Province, NE of Muyuka, at foot of Cameroon Mt., 26 Aug 1983, D. Thomas 2538 (K, P05156267, P05156282, WAG1166510).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.