Loxoneptera carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895) Xiang & Chen & Zhang, 2021

Xiang, Lanbin, Chen, Kai & Zhang, Dandan, 2021, Revision and phylogeny of the genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data, ZooKeys 1036, pp. 75-98 : 75

Loxoneptera carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895) comb. nov. Figs 6 , 18 , 27

Notaspis carnealis Swinhoe, 1895: 302.

Calamochrous carnealis (Swinhoe): Hampson, 1896: 420.

Material examined.

Type material. Type ♂, Khasi Hills., 95-224, Cherra Punji (NHMUK). Syntype: 1♂, Cherra Punji, Swinhoe Coll., Brit. Mus. 1926-239 (NHMUK).

Other material examined. China. Guangdong: 6♂, Shimentai Reserve, Yingde , 27.V.2012, leg. Yang Lijun & Jia Qianju. Guizhou: 1♂, Maolan Reserve , 25.13°N, 107.87°E, alt. 797 m, 12.VII.2013, leg. Chen Xiaohua , genitalia slide no. SYSU0165, molecular voucher no. LEP0044; 1♀, Banzhai Village, Maolan Reserve , 25.23°N, 108.03°E, alt. 530 m, 11.VIII.2018, leg. Zheng Meiling et al. (NKU). Yunnan: 6♂, Baihualing Reserve, Baoshan , alt. 1520 m, 12-13.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan , genitalia slide no. LJW12064 , no. LJW12098 ; 2♂ 1♀, Tropical Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna , 21.92°N, 101.27°E, alt. 606 m, 22.XI.2017, leg. Chen Kai & Liu Qingming , genitalia slide no. SYSU0986 (♂), no. SYSU0985 (♀), molecular voucher no. LEP0186; 1♂, Tropical Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna , alt. 550 m, 13.III.2014, leg. Zhang Zhenguo , molecular voucher no. LEP0169 (NKU); 2♂, Mengla , 1000 m, 11-12.VII.2012, leg. Kitching & Ashton , genitalia slide no. FCEL0005 (FCEL).

Diagnosis.

This species is similar to Loxoneptera triangularis in appearance, but can be distinguished by the following characters: forewing mixed with reddish brown scales, a distinct dark brown stripe appearing near posterior angle of cell; apex of hindwing with a dark brown patch; dorso-distal sella with a hook-shaped process; distal end of phallus with a spine-shaped process, longer than phallus length.

Redescription.

Head. Frons pale reddish brown, with white lateral bands. Vertex pale brown, mixed with some reddish brown erect scales. Labial palpus reddish brown, with white scales on ventral side. Maxillary palpus reddish brown, broadened distally with scales. Antennae yellowish brown. Thorax. Dorsal patagia and tegula ochre-brown, ventral side grey-white. Legs pale yellow to grey-white; hindleg basal outer spur 2/5 of basal inner spur. Wings. Wingspan 22.0-29.0 mm. Forewing yellowish brown, densely mixed with reddish brown scales; dark brown from costal margin to posterior margin of cell; costal margin white; orbicular stigma appearing as a black-brown point, reniform stigma black, appearing as a thick streak on discocellulars; a distinct dark brown stripe appearing near posterior angle of cell; fringe black-brown. Hindwing pale yellow, apex with a dark brown patch; fringe pale yellow. Underside of forewing pale yellow, black-brown from costal margin to posterior margin of cell. Abdomen. Dorsal side of abdomen black-brown, ventral side grey white; sternite VIII in male slightly sclerotised with two pointed anterolateral processes.

Male genitalia (Fig. 18 ). Uncus long, triangular, distally narrowly rounded, with few hair-like setae. Saccus rounded. Dorsal projection of transtilla relatively slender and slightly curved, ~ 3/4 length of costa, distally bearing hair ~ 1/2 length of projection, basal 1/3 broad. Valva with dorsal margin slightly convex, ventral margin sinuated, apex narrowly rounded; costa narrow; dorsal sella membranous with several setae, nearly rectangular; ventral sella with short, finger-shaped, and weakly sclerotised process; dorso-distal sella bearing a hook-shaped, strongly sclerotised process, basal broad with two small spins; sacculus broad. Juxta with basal part narrow, two arms long and slender, pointed apically. Phallus short, distal part with a long and pointed spine, slightly curved, as long as the length of phallus.

Female genitalia (Fig. 27 ). Anterior apophyses 1.5 × as long as posterior apophyses. Antrum weakly sclerotised, cup-shaped; colliculum well developed, length of colliculum ~ 2/7 of ductus bursae; basal ductus seminalis expanded and sclerotised; ductus bursae short and stout, as long as length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, without appendix bursae and signum.

Distribution.

China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan), India.

Figures

Figures 2 - 9. Adults of Loxoneptera spp. 2 L. hampsoni nom. nov., male (Tibet) 3 L. hampsoni nom. nov., female (Hainan) 4 L. albicostalis, male (Yunnan) 5 L. crassiuncata sp. nov., paratype, male (Yunnan) 6 L. carnealis, male (Yunnan) 7 L. triangularis sp. nov., holotype, male (Yunnan) 8 L. rectacerosa sp. nov., holotype, male (Yunnan) 9 L. medialis, male (Guangdong). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figures 14 - 19. 14 The sternite VIII in male of L. albicostalis 15 - 19 Male genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 15 L. hampsoni nom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0929) 16 L. albicostalis, Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD 12108) 17 L. crassiuncata sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL 0010) 18 L. carnealis, Guizhou (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0165) 19 L. triangularis sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL 0004). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figures 26 - 28. Female genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 26 L. hampsoni nom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0991) 27 L. carnealis, Yunnan (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0985) 28 L. medialis, Guangdong (genitalia slide no. SYSU 0990). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.